Perez Handbook of Electromagnetic Compatibility

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8897-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 1098 Seiten, Web PDF

This'know-how'book gives readers a concise understanding of the fundamentals of EMC, from basic mathematical and physical concepts through present, computer-age methods used in analysis, design, and tests. With contributions from leading experts in their fields, the text provides a comprehensive overview. Fortified with information on how to solve potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems that may arise in electronic design, practitioners will be betterable to grasp the latest techniques, trends, and applications of this increasingly important engineering discipline. Handbook of Electromagnetic Compatibility contains extensive treatment of EMC applications to radio and wireless communications, fiber optics communications, and plasma effects. Coverage of EMC-related issues includes lightning, electromagnetic pulse, biological effects, and electrostatic discharge. Practical examples are used to illustrate the material, and all information is presented in an accessible and organized format. The text is intended primarily for those practicing engineers who need agood foundation in EMC, but it will also interest faculty and students, since a good portion of the material covered can find use in the classroom or as a springboard for further research. - The chapters are written by experts in the field - Details the fundamental principles, then moves to more advanced topics - Covers computational electromagnetics applied to EMC problems - Presents an extensive treatment of EMC applications to: Radio and wireless communications, Fiber optic communications, Plasma effects, Wired circuits, Microchips, Includes practical examples, Fiber optic, Communications, Plasma effects, Wired circuits, Microchips, Includes practical examples

Autoren/Hrsg.

Perez, Reinaldo

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Handbook of Electromagnetic Compatibility;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;12
6;Preface;14
7;Acknowledgments;18
8;PART I: FUNDAMENTALS AND PHYSICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE;20
8.1;Chapter 1. Units, Symbols, Theorems, Definitions, and Basic Formulas;22
8.1.1;1. Introduction;22
8.1.2;2. Quantities and Units with Symbols;22
8.1.3;3. Multiplying Factors and Symbols;22
8.1.4;4. Coordinate Systems;22
8.1.5;5. Differential Operators;24
8.1.6;6. Theorems;25
8.1.7;7. Radiation of Elementary Dipole;26
8.1.8;8. Selected Mathematical and Electromagnetic Constants;26
8.1.9;9. Electrical Values of Materials;28
8.1.10;10. Conductor Configurations;28
8.1.11;11. Basic Formulas;35
8.1.12;12. Frequency Spectrum Designations and Symbols;36
8.1.13;13. EMC Figure of Merit;37
8.1.14;14. Electrostatic Discharge-Human Body Electrical Characteristics;37
8.1.15;Appendix: Definitions and Terminology;37
8.1.16;References;43
8.2;Chapter 2. Electromagnetic Theory and Fundamentals of EMC;44
8.2.1;1. Scope;44
8.2.2;2. Source-Free Media;44
8.2.3;3. Sources;50
8.2.4;4. Transmission Theory;58
8.2.5;5. Waves;62
8.2.6;6. Waveguides;72
8.2.7;References;73
8.3;Chapter 3. The Physics of Interference Phenomena;74
8.3.1;1. Scope;74
8.3.2;2. Overview of the Electromagnetic Interference Problem;74
8.3.3;3. Degradation Sources;75
8.3.4;4. Coupling Paths;76
8.3.5;5. Immunity Deficiencies;78
8.3.6;6. Interference Mitigation;79
9;PART II: ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION FOR EMC;84
9.1;Chapter 4. Plane Wave Coupling to Cables;86
9.1.1;1. Introduction;86
9.1.2;2. The Two-Conductor Transmission Line;94
9.1.3;3. The Single-Conductor Line with a Conducting Ground Return;114
9.1.4;4. Transmission Line Networks;128
9.1.5;5. Multiconductor Transmission Lines;130
9.1.6;6. Relationship of Field Coupling to the Antenna Problem;131
9.1.7;References;133
9.2;Chapter 5. Crosstalk;136
9.2.1;1. Introduction;136
9.2.2;2. Multiconductor Transmission Line Structures;137
9.2.3;3. The Multiconductor Transmission Line Model;140
9.2.4;4. The Per-Unit-Length Parameters;144
9.2.5;5. General Solution Techniques;150
9.2.6;6. Exact Literal (Symbolic) Solutions for Three-Conductor Lines in Homogeneous Media;162
9.2.7;7. Inductive and Capacitive Coupling;168
9.2.8;8. Crosstalk Reduction Methods;177
9.2.9;Appendix;191
9.3;Chapter 6. Radiated and Conducted Emissions;196
9.3.1;1. Introduction;196
9.3.2;2. Radiated Emissions;197
9.3.3;3. Conducted Emissions;208
9.3.4;References;221
9.4;Chapter 7. Computational Methods in Electromagnetic Compatibility;222
9.4.1;1. General Introduction;222
9.4.2;2. The Method of Moments in Computational Electromagnetics;230
9.4.3;3. High-Frequency Methods in Computational Electromagnetics;249
9.4.4;4. The Finite-Difference Time Domain in Computational Electromagnetics;266
9.4.5;5. The Finite-Element Method in Computational Electromagnetics;275
9.4.6;6. The Transmission Line Method in Computational Electromagnetics;282
9.4.7;7. Computational Methods at Work: Getting Numbers from Your Models;290
9.4.8;References;312
10;PART III: METHODS FOR ENSURING EMC;318
10.1;Chapter 8. Grounding and Bonding;320
10.1.1;1. Introduction to Bounding;320
10.1.2;2. Preliminaries;325
10.1.3;3. Bonding Path Impedance;334
10.1.4;4. Overall Signal Reference Structures;340
10.1.5;5. Conductive Ground Loops;344
10.1.6;6. Coupled Ground Loops;346
10.1.7;7. E-Field Open-Loop Coupling;347
10.1.8;8. Earthing of Equipment;348
10.1.9;9. Equipment and Signal Grounding;365
10.1.10;10. Real Grounding Configurations;382
10.1.11;References;418
10.2;Chapter 9. Electromagnetic Shielding;420
10.2.1;1. Scope;420
10.2.2;2. Shielding Enclosures;420
10.2.3;3. Shielding Enclosure Variations;457
10.2.4;4. Measurement of Enclosure Performance;459
10.2.5;References;460
10.3;Chapter 10. Conduction Filters;464
10.3.1;1. Introduction;464
10.3.2;2. Insertion Loss;464
10.3.3;3. S-Plane;465
10.3.4;4. Corner Frequency;465
10.3.5;5. Single-Pole Filter;466
10.3.6;6. Asymptotic Approximations;468
10.3.7;7. Multiple-Pole Networks;472
10.3.8;8. Ferrite Components;480
10.3.9;9. Current Propagation Modes;489
10.3.10;10. Power Filters;498
10.3.11;References;508
11;PART IV: COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY STANDARDS AND METHODS;510
11.1;Chapter 11. International Radio Frequency Emission Control Requirements for Commercial Equipment;512
11.1.1;1. The Rationale for Commercial Radio Frequency Interference Limits;512
11.1.2;2. The CISPR Committees and Publications;515
11.1.3;3. European Community Emission Standards;519
11.1.4;4. German Emission Standards;535
11.1.5;5. U.S. Federal Communications Commission;540
11.1.6;6. The Voluntary EMC Standards in the United States;549
11.1.7;7. The Trend in Emission Specifications;551
11.1.8;References;554
11.2;Chapter 12. International Electromagnetic Immunity Requirements for Commercial Equipment;558
11.2.1;1. The Rationale for Electromagnetic Immunity;558
11.2.2;2. The IEC Immunity Specifications;560
11.2.3;3. The European Community Immunity Specifications;565
11.2.4;4. U.S. Immunity Specifications;567
11.2.5;5. National Standards and Summary;569
11.2.6;References;570
11.3;Chapter 13. Military EMC Standard and Methods: MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-462;572
11.3.1;1. Development of Military Specifications;572
11.3.2;2. The Significant Changes in MIL-STD-461D/462D;573
11.3.3;3. Conducted Emissions;580
11.3.4;4. Radiated Emissions;583
11.3.5;5. Conducted Susceptibility;588
11.3.6;6. Radiated Susceptibility;596
11.3.7;References;601
11.4;Chapter 14. Other MIL-Based EMC Standards;602
11.4.1;1. Relationship of MIL-EMC Standards;602
11.4.2;2. System EMC Standards;602
11.4.3;3. NATO EMC Standards;606
11.4.4;4. United Kingdom EMC Standards;607
11.4.5;5. RTCA and EUROCAE EMC Standards;609
11.4.6;6. Automotive EMC Standards;611
11.4.7;7. Other MIL-Based EMC Standards;612
11.4.8;8. Replacement of Military by Commercial Standards;612
11.4.9;References;613
12;PART V: EMC MEASUREMENTS;616
12.1;Chapter 15. Methodology for Electromagnetic Interference Measurements;618
12.1.1;1. Introduction;618
12.1.2;2. Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurements;618
12.1.3;3. Open-Site Measurements;620
12.1.4;4. Generating Standard EM Fields Using a TEM Cell;629
12.1.5;5. Generating Standard EM Fields Using a Waveguide Chamber;632
12.1.6;6. Electric and Magnetic Field Probes as Transfer Standards;633
12.1.7;7. Future Directions;642
12.1.8;References;643
12.2;Chapter 16. Standard Antennas for Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements;646
12.2.1;1. Introduction;646
12.2.2;2. Performance of Electric Field Transfer Standards;647
12.2.3;3. Performance for Magnetic Field Transfer Standards;658
12.2.4;4. Summary;666
12.2.5;References;667
12.3;Chapter 17. EMC Compliance Test Facilities;668
12.3.1;1. Defining EMC Test Facility;668
12.3.2;2. EMC Test Facility Theory and Design;670
12.3.3;3. EMC Test Environment and Measurement Uncertainties;682
12.3.4;4. Using EMC Test Facilities;690
12.3.5;References;698
12.4;Chapter 18. Alternative EMC Compliance Test Facilities;700
12.4.1;1. Introduction;700
12.4.2;2. TEM Transmission Line Facilities;701
12.4.3;3. Mode-Stirred Chamber Facilities;715
12.4.4;4. Hybrid TEM-Reverberating Chamber Facilities;726
12.4.5;References;729
13;PART VI: RADIO SYSTEMS, SPARKS AND PULSES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FIBER OPTICS, AND PLASMAS;732
13.1;Chapter 19. Principles of Radio Systems and Relevant EMI Environmental Effects, Analysis, and Computation;734
13.1.1;1. Introduction;734
13.1.2;2. Radio Communication System: Block Diagram;736
13.1.3;3. Noise Sources Effects and Analysis;740
13.1.4;4. Characteristics of Radio Propagation Medium and Antennas;754
13.1.5;References;773
13.2;Chapter 20. Radio Systems Parameters and Performance Criteria Concerning Computation and Mitigation of EMI Effects;778
13.2.1;1. Introduction;778
13.2.2;2. Modulation and Detection Methods and Their Effects on EMI;779
13.2.3;3. Radio System Performance Concerning EMI;789
13.2.4;4. Mutual EMI Effects Computation and Mitigation Techniques;804
13.2.5;5. Conclusions;818
13.2.6;Appendix 1;820
13.2.7;Appendix 2;821
13.2.8;Appendix 3;823
13.2.9;Appendix 4;824
13.2.10;Abbreviations;824
13.2.11;References;824
13.3;Chapter 21. Electrostatic Discharge;830
13.3.1;1. Introduction;830
13.3.2;2. The ESD Event;830
13.3.3;3. ESD Current Waveform and Radiated Fields;833
13.3.4;4. ESD Threat Mechanisms;842
13.3.5;5. Basic ESD Prevention and Control;843
13.3.6;6. ESD Test Program;844
13.3.7;References;847
13.4;Chapter 22. Lightning;850
13.4.1;1. Introduction;850
13.4.2;2. Natural Lightning;850
13.4.3;3. Lightning Effects;858
13.4.4;4. Protection Approaches;866
13.4.5;5. Facility Protection Design Considerations;866
13.4.6;6. Aircraft Lightning Protection;877
13.4.7;References;888
13.5;Chapter 23. The Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse;890
13.5.1;1. History and Relevance;890
13.5.2;2. Source and Types;891
13.5.3;3. Properties of High-Altitude EMP;893
13.5.4;4. HEMP Coupling to Long Lines;895
13.5.5;5. Coupling through Apertures;901
13.5.6;6. Protection against HEMP;907
13.5.7;7. HEMP Testing;916
13.5.8;References;919
13.6;Chapter 24. Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields;922
13.6.1;1. Introduction;922
13.6.2;2. Mechanisms of Interaction;922
13.6.3;3. Induced Fields in Tissues;925
13.6.4;4. Extremely Low and Low Frequency Fields;925
13.6.5;5. Radio and Microwave Frequency Fields;929
13.6.6;6. Safety Standards and Protection Guides;932
13.6.7;References;934
13.7;Chapter 25. Fiber Optics for EMC;936
13.7.1;1. Optical Fiber Communications;936
13.7.2;2. Classification and Features of Optical Fibers;937
13.7.3;3. Analysis of Optical Fibers;942
13.7.4;4. Noise in Optical Communication Systems;949
13.7.5;5. EMI in Optical Communication Systems;962
13.7.6;6. Brief Case Study: Fiber Optics in Flight-by-Wire Aircraft;970
13.7.7;References;980
13.8;Chapter 26. Plasma Effects in EMC;982
13.8.1;1. Introduction;982
13.8.2;2. Sheaths and Sheath Waves;983
13.8.3;3. Anodization Breakdown in Low Earth Orbit;990
13.8.4;4. Spacecraft Charging and Arc Discharging;992
13.8.5;References;996
14;PART VII: PRACTICAL PROBLEM SOLVING IN EMC;1000
14.1;Chapter 27. Practical Problem Solving in EMC;1002
14.1.1;1. Problem Description;1002
14.2;Chapter A. Effect of Interspersed Grounds on Radiated Emissions;1004
14.2.1;Text;1004
14.2.2;Reference;1006
14.3;Chapter B. IC System Integration Problems;1008
14.3.1;1. Introduction;1008
14.3.2;2. Digital Switching Noise Injection in Mixed-Signal ASICs;1008
14.3.3;3. Smart Sensor Case History;1015
14.3.4;References;1017
14.3.5;Further Reading;1018
14.4;Chapter C. Coupling to a Long Transmission Line;1020
14.4.1;1. Introduction;1020
14.4.2;2. Summary;1025
14.5;Chapter D. EMP Protection of a Facility;1026
14.5.1;1. Commercial Power Penetration;1026
14.5.2;2. Communication Cable;1028
14.6;Chapter E. A Grounding EMI Case Study;1030
14.6.1;Text;1030
14.7;Chapter F. Lack of EMC Design Causes False Alarms at a Nuclear Facility;1036
14.7.1;1. Problem Statement;1036
14.7.2;2. Description of Equipment under Test;1036
14.7.3;3. Criterion of Immunity;1036
14.7.4;4. Initial Immunity Tests;1037
14.7.5;5. RF Hardening of Gamma Ray Detector Assembly;1037
14.7.6;6. Repeat of Immunity Tests;1038
14.7.7;7. Conclusion;1038
14.8;Chapter G. Lightning Protection for Combustion Emission System for Fossil-Fueled Power Plant;1040
14.8.1;1. Introduction;1040
14.8.2;2. Overall Layout;1040
14.8.3;3. Probe Heaters and Sample Lines;1041
14.8.4;4. Basic Lightning Effects;1042
14.8.5;5. Specific Problems;1045
14.8.6;6. Basic Protective Recommendations;1046
14.8.7;7. Specific Protection Methods;1049
14.9;Chapter H. Near Field from a 900-MHz Cellular Phone;1056
14.9.1;1. MOM74;1056
14.9.2;2. Example;1062
14.9.3;3. MOM74 Code Listing;1064
15;Author Index;1082
16;Subject Index;1090