Pelkey | Dialectology as Dialectic | E-Book | sack.de
E-Book

E-Book, Englisch, Band 229, 532 Seiten

Reihe: Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs [TiLSM]ISSN

Pelkey Dialectology as Dialectic


Interpreting Phula Variation

E-Book, Englisch, Band 229, 532 Seiten

Reihe: Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs [TiLSM]ISSN

ISBN: 978-3-11-024585-1
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
 Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

Dialectology proper has traditionally focused on the geographic distribution of language variation as an end in itself and has remained relatively segregated from other branches of linguistic and extra-linguistic inquiry. Cross-fertilizing winds have been blowing through the field for more than a decade, but much work remains for adequate synthesis. This book seeks to further the interdisciplinary integration of the field by highlighting, and harnessing, the many dialectic tensions inherent in language variation research and dialect definition. Undertaking a broadscale experiment in applied dialectics, the book demonstrates multiple grounds for insisting on a more robust, integrational approach to dialectology while simultaneously demonstrating grounds for defining the Phula languages of China and Vietnam. The Phula languages belong to the Burmic sub-branch of the Tibeto-Burman family and are primarily spoken in southeastern Yunnan Province, China. With origins as early as the ninth century, these language varieties have been left undefined, and largely unresearched, for hundreds of years. Based on extensive original fieldwork, the book identifies 24 synchronic Phula languages descended from three distinct macro-clades diachronically. This is accomplished by blending typological-descriptive, historical-comparative and socio-cognitive perspectives. Diagnostics include both qualitative and quantitative measurements, and insights from history, geography, ethnology, language contact, sociolinguistics and more are called on for data interpretation. This dialogic approach incorporates complexity by asserting that dialectology itself best flourishes as an interdependent dialectic - a dynamic synthesis of competing perspectives.
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Zielgruppe

Dialectologists, Sociolinguists, Tibeto-Burmanists (Southeast Asi

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pelkey, Jamin R.

Fachgebiete

Weitere Infos & Material

1;Preface;8
2;Acknowledgements;12
3;Contents;14
4;List of maps;23
5;List of tables;24
6;List of figures;27
7;General abbreviations;29
8;Data source abbreviations;32
9;1. Introduction: Synchronic Phula in diachronic perspective;36
9.1;1.1. The Phula hypothesis;36
9.1.1;1.1.1. Falsifiability and the Phula hypothesis;38
9.1.2;1.1.2. Chapter overview;39
9.2;1.2. Historical background;40
9.2.1;1.2.1. Phula, Puzu, Yizu and other classifications;42
9.2.2;1.2.2. The Phula-Lolo distinction in historical records;44
9.2.3;1.2.3. Retracing Phula migration patterns from oral and written histories;46
9.2.3.1;1.2.3.1. Macro-migration patterns;46
9.2.3.2;1.2.3.2. Micro-migration patterns;50
9.2.4;1.2.4. Previous research on the Phula languages;53
9.3;1.3. Field data orientation;56
9.3.1;1.3.1. Administrative orientation of Phula villages;56
9.3.2;1.3.2. Fieldwork data point locations;63
9.3.3;1.3.3. Overview of field data collection;63
9.3.4;1.3.4. External data sources;64
9.4;1.4. Research scope, assumptions and approach;66
9.4.1;1.4.1. Theoretical assumptions: toward an integrative dialectology;66
9.4.2;1.4.2. On the viability of integrational standards for language definition;71
9.4.3;1.4.3. Research scope and limitations;75
9.5;1.5. Argument structure and organization;76
10;2. Research background: Field methods, theory, and dialectology;79
10.1;2.1. Introduction;79
10.2;2.2. Nature and scope of the fieldwork;80
10.2.1;2.2.1. Navigating research approval and fieldwork sponsorship;80
10.2.2;2.2.2. Navigating administrative terrain;80
10.2.3;2.2.3. Navigating data point travel;81
10.2.4;2.2.4. Scope of data collection;82
10.2.5;2.2.5. Data reciprocity with language communities;84
10.2.6;2.2.6. Digital archiving and analysis;85
10.3;2.3. Recording equipment and use;86
10.3.1;2.3.1. Overview of recording equipment;86
10.3.2;2.3.2. Recording scenarios and setup;87
10.3.3;2.3.3. Evaluation of equipment and recording methods;89
10.4;2.4. Elicitation instruments and methodology;90
10.4.1;2.4.1. Sociolinguistic questionnaires;90
10.4.1.1;2.4.1.1. Questionnaire goals and design;91
10.4.1.2;2.4.1.2. Questionnaire administration;92
10.4.1.3;2.4.1.3. Working revisions;92
10.4.2;2.4.2. Wordlist design and elicitation;93
10.4.2.1;2.4.2.1. Wordlist design;93
10.4.2.2;2.4.2.2. Elicitation printouts;95
10.4.2.3;2.4.2.3. Consultant selection and screening;95
10.4.2.4;2.4.2.4. Elicitation framing;96
10.4.2.5;2.4.2.5. Cognate fishing;99
10.4.2.6;2.4.2.6. Use of elicitation illustrations;100
10.4.2.7;2.4.2.7. Non-IPA Chinese phonetic conventions;100
10.4.2.8;2.4.2.8. Pronunciation imitation;102
10.4.2.9;2.4.2.9. Working revisions;102
10.4.3;2.4.3. Natural text elicitation;103
10.5;2.5. Assessing identity, demography and vitality;104
10.5.1;2.5.1. Ethnic identity research;104
10.5.2;2.5.2. Demographic research;107
10.5.3;2.5.3. Geolinguistic mapping research;108
10.5.4;2.5.4. Endangerment, vitality, and language contact research;109
10.6;2.6. Assessing dialect intelligibility and internal contact;113
10.6.1;2.6.1. Perceptual dialectology;114
10.6.2;2.6.2. Recorded text testing and the high-intelligibility threshold;115
10.6.3;2.6.3. Core lexical comparison and the low-intelligibility threshold;117
10.7;2.7. Assessing language variation and change;119
10.7.1;2.7.1. Phonological description in light of language variation;119
10.7.2;2.7.2. Grammaticalization, lexicalization and variational semantics;120
10.7.3;2.7.3. The comparative method;122
10.8;2.8. Assessing phylogenetic relationships;123
10.8.1;2.8.1. Clustering, subgrouping and phylogenetic situation;125
10.8.2;2.8.2. Baileyan dialectology and the dynamic wave model;126
10.8.3;2.8.3. Tree diagrams and other models;128
10.8.4;2.8.4. The Neighbor-Net algorithm and distance-based relationships;129
10.9;2.9. An experiment in triadic dialectics: ecology-phylogeny-ontogeny;129
11;3. Synchronic language definitions: Identity, intelligibility, contact;131
11.1;3.1. Preliminaries;131
11.2;3.2. Phula ethnic identities;134
11.2.1;3.2.1. West-regional identities;136
11.2.2;3.2.2. South-central identities;137
11.2.3;3.2.3. North-central identities;145
11.2.4;3.2.4. East-regional identities;149
11.2.5;3.2.5. Trends and observations;153
11.3;3.3. Core lexical comparisons;154
11.3.1;3.3.1. West-regional comparisons;155
11.3.2;3.3.2. South-central comparisons;157
11.3.3;3.3.3. North-central comparisons;159
11.3.4;3.3.4. East-regional comparisons;161
11.3.5;3.3.5. Perspective;161
11.4;3.4. Recorded text testing;163
11.4.1;3.4.1. West-regional results;163
11.4.2;3.4.2. South-central results;164
11.4.3;3.4.3. North-central testing results;167
11.4.4;3.4.4. East-regional testing results;168
11.5;3.5. Reported dialect perceptions and intelligibility indices;168
11.5.1;3.5.1. West-regional perceptions and indices;169
11.5.2;3.5.2. South-central perceptions and indices;171
11.5.3;3.5.3. North-central perceptions and indices;179
11.5.4;3.5.4. East-regional perceptions and indices;184
11.6;3.6. Language contact issues;188
11.6.1;3.6.1. External contact;189
11.6.2;3.6.2. Internal contact;190
11.7;3.7. Integrating identity, contact, and intelligibility;194
11.7.1;3.7.1. West-regional integration;194
11.7.2;3.7.2. South-central integration;195
11.7.3;3.7.3. North-central integration;197
11.7.4;3.7.4. East-regional integration;198
11.8;3.8. Conclusion: The synchronic Phula languages;198
11.8.1;3.8.1. Phala [ISO 639-3: ypa];199
11.8.2;3.8.2. Phola [ISO 639-3: ypg];199
11.8.3;3.8.3. Phola, Alo [ISO 639-3: ypo];200
11.8.4;3.8.4. Muji, Qila [ISO 639-3: ymq];200
11.8.5;3.8.5. Muji, Southern [ISO 639-3: ymc];201
11.8.6;3.8.6. Muji, Northern [ISO 639-3: ymx];202
11.8.7;3.8.7. Muzi [ISO 639-3: ymz];202
11.8.8;3.8.8. Bokha [ISO 639-3: ybk];203
11.8.9;3.8.9. Phuma [ISO 639-3: ypm];203
11.8.10;3.8.10. Alugu [ISO 639-3: aub];203
11.8.11;3.8.11. Phupa [ISO 639-3: ypp];204
11.8.12;3.8.12. Phupha [ISO 639-3: yph];204
11.8.13;3.8.13. Phuza [ISO 639-3: ypz];204
11.8.14;3.8.14. Phowa, Ani [ISO 639-3: ypn];206
11.8.15;3.8.15. Phowa, Labo [ISO 639-3: ypb];206
11.8.16;3.8.16. Phowa, Hlepho [ISO 639-3: yhl];206
11.8.17;3.8.17. Azha [ISO 639-3: aza];207
11.8.18;3.8.18. Zokhuo [ISO 639-3: yzk];207
11.8.19;3.8.19. Khlula [ISO 639-3: ykl];209
11.8.20;3.8.20. Moji [ISO 639-3: ymi];209
11.8.21;3.8.21. Phukha [ISO 639-3: phh];209
11.8.22;3.8.22. Laghuu [ISO 639-3: lgh];211
11.8.23;3.8.23. Pholo [ISO 639-3: yip];211
11.8.24;3.8.24. Thopho [ISO 639-3: ytp];211
12;4. Ethnolinguistic vitality: Contact, endangerment and shift;213
12.1;4.1. Introduction;213
12.2;4.2. Phola and Alo;217
12.2.1;4.2.1. Luodie and Natang;217
12.2.2;4.2.2. Adipo;218
12.3;4.3. Phala;219
12.4;4.4. Muji, Southern;221
12.4.1;4.4.1. Pujiazhai;221
12.4.2;4.4.2. Shizitou;222
12.5;4.5. Muji, Northern;223
12.5.1;4.5.1. Xiepo;223
12.5.2;4.5.2. Loushuidong;224
12.6;4.6. Muzi;225
12.6.1;4.6.1. Nuoguzhai;225
12.6.2;4.6.2. Malutang;226
12.7;4.7. Bokha;227
12.7.1;4.7.1. Yibaizu;227
12.7.2;4.7.2. Dixibei;228
12.8;4.8. Phuma;229
12.9;4.9. Alugu;230
12.10;4.10. Phupa;231
12.11;4.11. Phupha;232
12.12;4.12. Phuza;233
12.13;4.13. Muji, Qila;234
12.14;4.14. Phowa, Ani;235
12.15;4.15. Phowa, Labo;236
12.15.1;4.15.1. Jiajie and Lugumu;236
12.15.2;4.15.2. Wudupi;237
12.16;4.16. Phowa, Hlepho;238
12.16.1;4.16.1. Feizuke;238
12.16.2;4.16.2. Chekabai;239
12.16.3;4.16.3. Weibazhu/Xiaozhai;241
12.16.4;4.16.4. Suozhiwan;242
12.16.5;4.16.5. Meizichong;242
12.17;4.17. Azha;244
12.17.1;4.17.1. Luojiayi, Xiaopingba and Huangzhai;244
12.17.2;4.17.2. Faduke Dazhai;246
12.18;4.18. Zokhuo;247
12.19;4.19. Khlula;248
12.19.1;4.19.1. Laozhai;248
12.19.2;4.19.2. Maxi;250
12.20;4.20. Laghuu and Phukha;250
12.21;4.21. Moji;251
12.22;4.22. Pholo;251
12.22.1;4.22.1. Xiji;251
12.22.2;4.22.2. Fayixiazhai;252
12.22.3;4.22.3. Shangxinzhai;252
12.23;4.23. Thopho;254
12.24;4.24. Overview of Phula ethnolinguistic vitality;255
13;5. Phula phonologies: Five representative sketches;258
13.1;5.1. Preliminaries;258
13.1.1;5.1.1. General Phonological Features;259
13.1.2;5.1.2. Structure of the sketches;261
13.2;5.2. Hlepho-FZK and the Phowa Clade;262
13.2.1;5.2.1. Syllable;263
13.2.2;5.2.2. Consonant Initials;263
13.2.3;5.2.3. Vowel Finals;270
13.2.4;5.2.4. Tone;273
13.2.5;5.2.5. Phonation;275
13.3;5.3. Muji-PJZ and the Muji Clade;275
13.3.1;5.3.1. Syllable;276
13.3.2;5.3.2. Consonant Initials;276
13.3.3;5.3.3. Vowel Finals;278
13.3.4;5.3.4. Tone;280
13.4;5.4. Phuza-BJB and the Downriver Phula clade;282
13.4.1;5.4.1. Syllable;283
13.4.2;5.4.2. Consonant initials;283
13.4.3;5.4.3. Vowel Finals;286
13.4.4;5.4.4. Tone;288
13.5;5.5. Phola-LDC and the Upriver Phula clade;289
13.5.1;5.5.1. Syllable;290
13.5.2;5.5.2. Consonant initials;290
13.5.3;5.5.3. Vowel Finals;294
13.5.4;5.5.4. Tone;296
13.5.5;5.5.5. Phonation;298
13.6;5.6. Azha Phonology;299
13.6.1;5.6.1. Syllable;299
13.6.2;5.6.2. Consonant Initials;300
13.6.3;5.6.3. Vowel Finals;302
13.6.4;5.6.4. Tone;303
13.7;5.7. Summary;305
14;6. The language clades of Phula Proper: Establishing historical subgroupings;306
14.1;6.1. Methodology for historical subgrouping;306
14.1.1;6.1.1. Overview of Ngwi tone;307
14.1.2;6.1.2. Overview of Proto-Ngwi *initial classes and guide to notation;308
14.1.3;6.1.3. Overview of Phula tonal reflexes;310
14.2;6.2. A distance-based network of Phula languages;313
14.2.1;6.2.1. Neighbor-Net and distance-based phylogenetic relationships;314
14.2.2;6.2.2. The Phula neighbor network and preliminary subgroupings;316
14.3;6.3. The Muji meso-clade;320
14.3.1;6.3.1. Tone system innovations;320
14.3.1.1;6.3.1.1. Tone-class 1;323
14.3.1.2;6.3.1.2. Tone-class 2;324
14.3.1.3;6.3.1.3. Tone-class 3;326
14.3.1.4;6.3.1.4. The *checked tone classes;328
14.3.2;6.3.2. Other independent innovations;335
14.3.2.1;6.3.2.1. Phonological innovations;336
14.3.2.2;6.3.2.2. Morphological innovations;339
14.3.2.3;6.3.2.3. Lexico-semantic innovations;340
14.3.3;6.3.3. Historical dialectology;343
14.4;6.4. The Phowa meso-clade;348
14.4.1;6.4.1. Tone system innovations;349
14.4.1.1;6.4.1.1. Tone-class 1;351
14.4.1.2;6.4.1.2. Tone-class 2;352
14.4.1.3;6.4.1.3. Tone-class 3;354
14.4.1.4;6.4.1.4. The *checked-tone classes;355
14.4.2;6.4.2. Other Innovations;357
14.4.3;6.4.3. Historical dialectology;360
14.5;6.5. The Highland Phula macro-clade;365
14.5.1;6.5.1. Lexico-semantic innovations;365
14.5.2;6.5.2. Phonological innovations;369
14.6;6.6. The Riverine Phula macro-clade;370
14.6.1;6.6.1. Tone system developments;371
14.6.1.1;6.6.1.1. Tone-class *1;372
14.6.1.2;6.6.1.2. Tone-class *2;373
14.6.1.3;6.6.1.3. Tone-class *3;375
14.6.1.4;6.6.1.4. The *checked tone classes;375
14.6.2;6.6.2. Other Innovations;377
14.6.2.1;6.6.2.1. Phola-Phala (Upriver Phula);377
14.6.2.2;6.6.2.2. Phupha-Alugu;378
14.6.2.3;6.6.2.3. Phuza-Phupa;380
14.6.3;6.6.3. Historical dialectology;381
14.7;6.7. Conclusion;385
15;7. Phula and Southeastern Ngwi: Sani, Axi, Azhe, Azha, Nisu, and Phula Proper;387
15.1;7.1. Introduction;387
15.2;7.2. Expanded neighbor network;388
15.3;7.3. Southeastern Ngwi;390
15.3.1;7.3.1. Permutations of the alveolar-lateral cluster innovation;391
15.3.2;7.3.2. Sani, Axi, Azhe, Azha, Southeastern Ngwi and Central Ngwi;401
15.3.3;7.3.3. Nisu, Southeastern Ngwi and Northern Ngwi;403
15.3.4;7.3.4. Summary of preliminary subgrouping criteria for SE Ngwi;407
15.4;7.4. Azha, Azhe and Sani-Axi;410
15.4.1;7.4.1. The status of Azha;411
15.4.2;7.4.2. The Sani-Axi clade;413
15.4.3;7.4.3. Tone system developments for Sani-Axi-Azhe-Azha;415
15.4.3.1;7.4.3.1. Tone-class *1;418
15.4.3.2;7.4.3.2. Tone-class *2;419
15.4.3.3;7.4.3.3. Tone-class *3;421
15.4.3.4;7.4.3.4. The *checked tone classes;422
15.4.4;7.4.4. Working conclusion on the internal relationships of the SA clade;423
15.5;7.5. Pholo;424
15.6;7.6. Conclusions;426
16;8. Conclusion: Diachronic Phula in synchronic perspective;429
16.1;8.1. Review;429
16.1.1;8.1.1. Phula language definition as chiastic dialectic;430
16.1.2;8.1.2. Folk Phula and Phula Proper;433
16.2;8.2. The Riverine Phula Macro-clade in synchronic perspective;436
16.2.1;8.2.1. Riverine Phula demographics and distribution;436
16.2.1.1;8.2.1.1. Upriver demographics and distribution;438
16.2.1.2;8.2.1.2. Downriver demographics and distribution;439
16.2.2;8.2.2. Riverine Phula perceptual dialectology;439
16.2.2.1;8.2.2.1. Upriver perceptual dialectology;441
16.2.2.2;8.2.2.2. Downriver perceptual dialectology;441
16.3;8.3. The Muji meso-clade in synchronic perspective;442
16.3.1;8.3.1. Current demographics and distribution of the Muji meso-clade;442
16.3.2;8.3.2. Muji meso-clade perceptual dialectology by synchronic language;446
16.4;8.4. The Phowa meso-clade in synchronic perspective;448
16.4.1;8.4.1. Current demographics and distribution of the Phowa meso-clade;448
16.4.2;8.4.2. Phowa meso-clade perceptual dialectology by language;451
16.5;8.5. Review of contributions and key findings;453
16.5.1;8.5.1. Contributions to areal language recognition;454
16.5.2;8.5.2. Contributions to research on areal language endangerment;454
16.5.3;8.5.3. Contributions to Ngwi linguistics and regional ethnohistory;455
16.5.4;8.5.4. Contributions to language contact research;455
16.5.5;8.5.5. Contributions to ethnic identity research;456
16.5.6;8.5.6. Contributions to tone system analysis;456
16.5.7;8.5.7. Contributions to distance-based phylogenetics;456
16.5.8;8.5.8. Contributions to intelligibility testing;457
16.5.9;8.5.9. Contributions to regional demography;457
16.5.10;8.5.10. Contributions to geolinguistics;458
16.5.11;8.5.11. Contributions to field methods in linguistic survey;458
16.5.12;8.5.12. Toward a hermeneutic dialectology;458
16.5.13;8.5.13. Toward a chiastic dialectic model of reasoning;460
16.6;8.6. Extra-disciplinary perspectives on neglected diversity;461
16.6.1;8.6.1. Neglected diversity and onomastic ambiguity;461
16.6.2;8.6.2. Neglected diversity, homoplasy and genetics;462
16.6.3;8.6.3. Neglected diversity and the survival of the cutest;463
16.7;8.7. Suggestions for future studies;464
16.7.1;8.7.1. Remaining research questions;465
16.7.2;8.7.2. New research suggestions;466
16.8;8.8. Coda;467
17;Appendix A: Sociolinguistic questionnaires;468
18;Appendix B: Lexical elicitation datasheet sample;477
19;Appendix C: Similarity and distance matrices;479
20;Appendix D: Sample RTT translations;482
21;Notes;484
22;References;495
23;Index;522

Jamin R. Pelkey, Canada Institute of Linguistics, Langley, Canada.

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