Pedraz / Orive Therapeutic Applications of Cell Microencapsulation

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4419-5786-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 670, 125 Seiten

Reihe: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

The advancement of science is ever more contingent upon the interaction of experts vast amount of scientific information being gathered every day that exceeds the ability of any one scientist to acquire. As an illustration of the frantic pace of scientific disc- more acute in the case of scientific fields at the interface of different and seemingly distant areas of study. Amidst these, the field of cell encapsulation brings together an array of diverse disciplines such as molecular biology and biopolymers, gene therapy and inorganic membranes, stem cell biology and physicochemistry, immunology and nanotechnology. Clearly, such range of topics is too broad for any individual scientist the state-of-the-art in the field of cell encapsulation. At the core of this technology, there is an interaction of physicochemical and biological elements forming three distinct layers of complexity. First, the chemistry of the biopolymer dictates the degree of protein adsorption, vascularization, tox- ity and biocompatibility of the microcapsules. Advances in biopolymer science are providing solutions to overcome existing challenges and to improve microcapsules as delivery vehicles. Second, the choice of cells, and more precisely the plethora of in determining the immune response elicited by the host to implanted microcapsules.

José Luis Pedraz has a PhD in Pharmacy from the University of Salamanca, Spain. He is professor of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology at the Faculty of Pharmacy in the Basque Country University. He is cofounder and director of the Pharmaceutical Development Unit of the Basque Country. His interest is focused in the development and evaluation of pharmaceutical dosage forms (microcapsules, micro- and nanoparticles) for the administration of gene, proteins, peptides, vaccines and cells. He has published over 200 scientific articles and edited several book chapters focused on cell microencapsulation. Gorka Orive has a PhD in Pharmacy and is currently assistant professor of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology at the University of the Basque Country in Vitoria, Spain. He is director of research publications and scientific coordinator of the field of oral implantology for Biotechnology Institute (BTI, Vitoria, Spain). His interests include polymer-based cell therapy for long-term and controlled protein and growth factor delivery to different tissues including brain. He is also interested in the potential use of autologous platelets growth factors and fibrin scaffold for regenerative medicine. He has published more than 100 articles in national and international journals including Nature Medicine, Nature Reviews Neurosciences, Molecular Therapy, Biomaterials, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences among others and several book chapters focused on cell microencapsulation for therapeutic purposes and the use of plasma rich in growth factors in medicine.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Orive, Gorka

Pedraz, Jose Luis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;3
2;Copyright Page;4
3;DEDICATION;5
4;FOREWORD;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;ABOUT THE EDITORS...;10
7;ABOUT THE EDITORS...;11
8;PARTICIPANTS;12
9;Table of Contents;15
10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;19
11;Chapter 1 Highlights and Trends in Cell Encapsulation;20
11.1;Introduction;20
11.2;Pivotal Issues for the Progress in the Field;21
11.3;Therapeutic Applications of Cell Encapsulation Technology;22
11.4;Conclusion;23
11.5;References;23
12;Chapter 2 Biomaterials in Cell Microencapsulation;24
12.1;Introduction;24
12.2;Alginate;25
12.2.1;Nature and Composition;25
12.2.2;Biocompatibility and Purification of Alginates;25
12.2.3;Properties: Stability, Permeability and Viscosity;28
12.2.4;Alginate Microcapsules: Different Ions and Coatings;29
12.2.4.1;Cross-Linking Ions;29
12.2.4.2;Coatings;30
12.2.5;Modifications and Innovations;31
12.3;Other Polymers and Type of Biomaterials;33
12.4;Conclusion;35
12.5;References;35
13;Chapter 3 Development of Subsieve-Size Capsules and Application to Cell Therapy;41
13.1;Introduction;41
13.2;Narrow Dispersed Subsieve-Size Capsule Production Via the Jetting Process;42
13.3;Effect of Preparation Process on Mammalian Cells;45
13.4;Effect of Reduction in Microcapsule Diameter;46
13.5;Conclusion;47
13.6;References;48
14;Chapter 4 Regulatory Considerations in Application of Encapsulated Cell Therapies;50
14.1;Introduction;50
14.2;Background;51
14.3;Good Manufacturing Practice;51
14.3.1;FDA;54
14.4;Cell-Based Therapies;54
14.5;Conclusion;56
14.6;References;56
15;Chapter 5 Treatment of Diabetes with Encapsulated Islets;57
15.1;Introduction;57
15.2;Concepts of Encapsulation;58
15.3;Intravascular Designs;58
15.4;Extravascular Macrocapsules;60
15.5;Host Responses and Macroencapsulation;61
15.6;Extravascular Microcapsules;61
15.7;Biocompatibility and Microcapsule Composition;63
15.8;Biology of Encapsulated Cells;64
15.9;Conclusion;65
15.10;References;67
16;Chapter 6 Epo Delivery by Genetically Engineered C2C12 Myoblasts Immobilized in Microcapsules;73
16.1;Introduction;73
16.2;Therapeutic Applications Beyond Erythropoiesis;74
16.3;Novel Erythropoiesis Stimulating Strategies: Potential New Treatments for Anemia;74
16.4;Cell Encapsulation Technology as an Alternative to Frequent Dosing Schemes;76
16.5;Conclusion;82
16.6;References;82
17;Chapter 7 Artificial Cell Microencapsulated Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy;87
17.1;Introduction;87
17.2;Cell Encapsulation;88
17.3;Adult Stem Cells and Their Plasticity;88
17.4;Tissue Engineering of Bone Marrow Stem Cells;89
17.5;Coencapsulation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells with Hepatoyctes to Enhance Hepatocytes Viability and Function;90
17.6;Therapeutic Effect of Encapsulated Bone Marrow Stem Cells on the Liver Failure Model;92
17.7;Conclusion;93
17.8;References;94
18;Chapter 8 Microencapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell Transplants for Repair of the Brain;99
18.1;Introduction;99
18.2;Basic Structure and Function of the Choroid Plexus;99
18.3;The Central Role of the Choroid Plexus in Brain Development;101
18.4;The Choroid Plexus in Aging;102
18.5;Choroid Plexus and Neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) as an Example;103
18.6;Harnessing the Choroid Plexus for Transplantation Therapy: Preliminary Studies;103
18.7;Immunoisolation within Alginate Microcapsules Enables the Use of Xenogeneic Choroid Plexus Transplants;104
18.8;Characterization of Alginate and Encapsulated Choroidal Epithelial Cells;104
18.9;Encapsulated Xenogeneic Choroid Plexus Transplants in Animal Models of Stroke;105
18.10;Encapsulated Xenogeneic Choroid Plexus Transplants in a Rat Model of Huntington’s Disease;106
18.11;In Vitro and In Vivo Determinations of the Effect of Age on CP Function;107
18.12;Encapsulated Xenogeneic Choroid Plexus Transplants in a Monkey Model of Huntington’s Disease;108
18.13;Conclusion;108
18.14;References;109
19;Chapter 9 Therapeutic Application of Cell Microencapsulation in Cancer;111
19.1;Introduction;111
19.2;Preclinical Studies of Treatments with Therapeutic Products Produced from Encapsulated Cells;112
19.2.1;Anti-Angiogenic Agents;112
19.2.1.1;Endostatin;112
19.2.1.2;Angiostatin;114
19.2.2;Cytokines;115
19.2.3;Antibodies;115
19.2.4;Targeting Chemotherapy;116
19.3;Clinical Trials of Cancer Treatment Using Encapsulated Cells to Target Chemotherapy;117
19.4;Combination Therapies—The Way for the Future?;119
19.5;Retrovirus Vector Production from Encapsulated Cells;119
19.6;Conclusion;121
19.7;References;121
20;Chapter 10 Inorganic Nanoporous Membranes for Immunoisolated Cell-Based Drug Delivery;123
20.1;Introduction;123
20.2;Cell-Based Drug Delivery;124
20.3;Immunosuppressed Cell Transplantation;125
20.4;Immunoisolated Cell-Based Drug Delivery;125
20.4.1;Origins;125
20.4.2;Intravascular Chambers;126
20.4.2.1;Motivation;126
20.4.2.2;Development;126
20.4.2.3;Commercialization;126
20.4.2.4;Failure Modes;126
20.4.3;Microcapsules;126
20.4.3.1;Motivation;126
20.4.3.2;Development;127
20.4.3.3;Commercialization;127
20.4.3.4;Failure Modes;127
20.4.4;Extravascular Chambers;128
20.4.4.1;Motivation;128
20.4.4.2;Development;128
20.4.4.3;Commercialization;129
20.4.4.4;Failure Modes;130
20.5;Inorganic Nanoporous Membranes;130
20.5.1;Silicon Nanoporous Membranes;130
20.5.1.1;Preparation;130
20.5.1.2;Advantages;131
20.5.1.3;Disadvantages;132
20.5.2;Alumina Nanoporous Membranes;133
20.5.2.1;Preparation;133
20.5.2.2;Advantages;134
20.5.2.3;Disadvantages;135
20.5.3;Titania Nanoporous Membranes;136
20.5.3.1;Preparation;136
20.5.3.2;Advantages;138
20.5.3.3;Disadvantages;139
20.6;Conclusion;141
20.7;References;141
21;Chapter 11 Cell Microencapsulation;145
21.1;Introduction;145
21.2;Why Is Microencapsulation Necessary?;145
21.2.1;Immune Protection by a Semipermeable Membrane;145
21.2.2;Molecular Weight Cutoff for Control Permeability;146
21.3;Materials for Cell Microencapsulation;147
21.4;Geometry of Capsules Matters?;148
21.5;Clinical Impact of Microencapsulation Technology;151
21.6;Challenges in Cell Microencapsulation;152
21.7;Conclusion;153
21.8;References;153
22;Chapter 12 Commercial Applicability of Cell Microancapsulation: A Review of Intellectual Property Rights;156
22.1;Introduction;156
22.2;Retrieval of the Data Base;157
22.3;The Teaching of Bibliographic Data;157
22.4;More Detailed Discussion of Relevant Prior Art;161
22.5;Conclusion;161
22.6;Literature;162
23;Index;164