Pavoni / Green Recent Crustal Movements

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5728-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 568 Seiten, Web PDF

Developments in Geotectonics, 9: Recent Crustal Movements covers the papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements, held in Zurich, Switzerland on August 26-31, 1974. The book focuses on geodetic investigations, geological-geomorphological investigations, geophysical investigations, in-situ stress measurements/crustal stresses, seismotectonics/active faults, and plate tectonics/continental drift. The book first takes a look at tectonic-plate motions from lunar ranging and long baseline interferometry for centimeter accuracy geodetic measurements. Discussions focus on proposed transportable lunar laser ranging station; expected plate-motion measurements from present lunar-ranging stations; and pacific plate motion experiment. The text then ponders on precision electromagnetic distance-measuring instrument for determining secular strain and fault movement and deep in-situ stress measurements by hydrofracturing. The publication ponders on geotectonic relevance of rock-stress determinations, thermal runaway in the mantle and neotectonics, and data on plate tectonics of Alaska. The text also elaborates on geodetic surveys for monitoring crustal movements in the United States and determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. The manuscript is a vital source of data for readers interested in crustal movements.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pavoni, N.

Green, Rylie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Recent Crustal Movements;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PREFACE;6
6;THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, AUGUST 26-31, 1974;7
7;LIST OF AUTHORS;15
8;General Papers;16
9;CHAPTER 1. PRESENT TECTONIC-PLATE MOTIONS FROM LUNAR RANGING;16
9.1;ABSTRACT;16
9.2;EXPECTED PLATE-MOTION MEASUREMENTS FROM PRESENT LUNAR-RANGING STATIONS;16
9.3;PROPOSED TRANSPORTABLE LUNAR LASER RANGING STATION;17
9.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;22
9.5;REFERENCES;22
10;CHAPTER 2. VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY FOR CENTIMETER ACCURACY GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS;24
10.1;ABSTRACT;24
10.2;INTRODUCTION;24
10.3;PACIFIC PLATE MOTION EXPERIMENT;27
10.4;REFERENCES;33
11;CHAPTER 3. PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTANCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING SECULAR STRAIN AND FAULT MOVEMENT;34
11.1;ABSTRACT;34
11.2;INTRODUCTION;34
11.3;INSTRUMENT;36
11.4;FIELD TESTING;37
11.5;CONCLUSIONS;41
11.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;41
11.7;REFERENCES;41
12;CHAPTER 4. SOURCES OF ERROR IN THE DETERMINATION OF IN-SITU STRESSES BY MEASUREMENTS;44
12.1;ABSTRACT;44
12.2;INTRODUCTION;44
12.3;MEASURING INSTRUMENTS;45
12.4;ERRORS DUE TO MEASURING TECHNIQUE;49
12.5;ERRORS DUE TO MATERIAL PROPERTIES;49
12.6;ERRORS ORIGINATING FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROCK;53
12.7;CLOSING REMARKS;54
12.8;REFERENCES;54
13;CHAPTER 5. DEEP IN-SITU STRESS MEASUREMENTS BY HYDROFRACTURING;56
13.1;ABSTRACT;56
13.2;INTRODUCTION;56
13.3;RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AND IN-SITU STRESSES;57
13.4;LABORATORY RESULTS;58
13.5;FIELD RESULTS;59
13.6;CONCLUSIONS;61
13.7;REFERENCES;61
14;CHAPTER 6. GEOTECTONIC RELEVANCE OF ROCK-STRESS DETERMINATIONS;64
14.1;ABSTRACT;64
14.2;INTRODUCTION;64
14.3;DATA AND RESULTS;65
14.4;DISCUSSION;70
14.5;CONCLUSIONS;71
14.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;72
14.7;REFERENCES;72
15;CHAPTER 7. THERMAL RUNAWAY IN THE MANTLE AND NEOTECTONICS;74
15.1;ABSTRACT;74
15.2;INTRODUCTION;75
15.3;THERMAL RUNAWAY;75
15.4;AN EARLY THEORY;77
15.5;A MODERN INTERPRETATION;78
15.6;EVIDENCE;82
15.7;IMPLICATIONS FOR CRUSTAL STABILITY;85
15.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;85
15.9;REFERENCES;85
16;Regional Papers;88
17;CHAPTER 8. ACTIVE FAULTS OF ALASKA;88
17.1;ABSTRACT;88
17.2;INTRODUCTION;89
17.3;METHODS;89
17.4;ACTIVE FAULTS OF SOUTHERN ALASKA;90
17.5;ACTIVE FAULTS OF THE DENALI FAULT SYSTEM;92
17.6;ACTIVE FAULTS NORTH OF THE DENALI FAULT SYSTEM;94
17.7;CONCLUSIONS;98
17.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;98
17.9;REFERENCES;98
18;CHAPTER 9. NEW DATA ON PLATE TECTONICS OF ALASKA;102
18.1;ABSTRACT;102
18.2;INTRODUCTION;102
18.3;PRESENT TECTONIC FRAMEWORK;104
18.4;MAJOR STRUCTURAL FEATURES;110
18.5;ACTIVE FAULTS AND TECTONICS;113
18.6;SUMMARY;115
18.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;115
18.8;REFERENCES;115
19;CHAPTER 10. GEODETIC SURVEYS FOR MONITORING CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES;118
19.1;ABSTRACT;118
19.2;INTRODUCTION;118
19.3;HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS;119
19.4;VERTICAL MOVEMENTS;123
19.5;REGIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ELEVATION CHANGE;124
19.6;REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY;127
20;CHAPTER 11. ELEVATION CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL TRANSVERSE RANGES NEAR VENTURA, CALIFORNIA;128
20.1;ABSTRACT;128
20.2;INTRODUCTION;128
20.3;GEOLOGIC SETTING;129
20.4;DATA;131
20.5;RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION;132
20.6;CONCLUSION;139
20.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;139
20.8;REFERENCES;140
21;CHAPTER 12. VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS PRECEDING AND ACCOMPANYING THE SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE OF FEBRUARY 9, 1971: A SUMMARY;142
21.1;ABSTRACT;142
21.2;INTRODUCTION;142
21.3;GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EARTHQUAKE;143
21.4;DATA ANALYZED;144
21.5;RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION;145
21.6;CONCLUSION;154
21.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;154
21.8;REFERENCES;154
22;CHAPTER 13. DETERMINING EARTHQUAKE RECURRENCE INTERVALS FROM DEFORMATIONAL STRUCTURES IN YOUNG LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS;156
22.1;ABSTRACT;156
22.2;INTRODUCTION;157
22.3;LAKE CAHUILLA DEPOSITS, IMPERIAL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA;158
22.4;CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA;162
22.5;PUGET SOUND AREA, WASHINGTON;164
22.6;CONCLUSIONS;166
22.7;REFERENCES;167
23;CHAPTER 14. RECENT MOVEMENTS AND STRESS FIELD IN THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM BY THE RESULTS OF MODELLING;168
23.1;ABSTRACT;168
23.2;REFERENCES;173
24;CHAPTER 15. RECENT ACTIVITY OF THE WASATCH FAULT, NORTHWESTERN UTAH, U.S.A.;176
24.1;ABSTRACT;176
24.2;INTRODUCTION;177
24.3;TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS;178
24.4;REFERENCES CITED;183
25;CHAPTER 16. POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR CONTEMPORARY DOMING OF THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, NEW YORK, AND SUGGESTED IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL TECTONICS AND SEISMICITY;184
25.1;ABSTRACT;184
25.2;INTRODUCTION AND TECTONIC SETTING;185
25.3;LEVELING PROFILE, SARATOGA SPRINGS—ROUSES POINT, NEW YORK;186
25.4;INTERPRETATION OF RELEVELING PROFILE BETWEEN SARATOGA SPRINGS AND ROUSES POINT;190
25.5;CONCLUSIONS;194
25.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;194
25.7;REFERENCES;194
26;CHAPTER 17. VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA AS DETERMINED FROM SCATTERED GEODETIC RELEVELLINGS;198
26.1;ABSTRACT;198
26.2;INTRODUCTION;198
26.3;DATA;198
26.4;METHOD;200
26.5;RESULTS;201
26.6;CONCLUSIONS;203
26.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;203
26.8;REFERENCES;203
27;CHAPTER 18. RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN COSTA RICA DISCLOSED BY RELEVELLING SURVEYS;206
27.1;ABSTRACT;206
27.2;INTRODUCTION;206
27.3;LEVELLING SURVEYS;207
27.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;213
27.5;REFERENCES;213
28;CHAPTER 19. GEOLOGICAL AND GEODETIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE MOVEMENT ALONG THE BOCONO FAULT, VENEZUELAN ANDES;214
28.1;ABSTRACT;214
28.2;INTRODUCTION;214
28.3;GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS;216
28.4;GEODETIC INVESTIGATIONS;218
28.5;CONCLUSIONS;221
28.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;221
28.7;REFERENCES;221
29;CHAPTER 20. PALAEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE RELATING TO THE CENOZOIC DRIFT OF GREENLAND;224
29.1;ABSTRACT;224
29.2;INTRODUCTION;224
29.3;SELECTION OF THE EARLY TERTIARY DATA;226
29.4;PALAEOMAGNETIC COMPARISONS ACROSS BAFFIN BAY;228
29.5;PALAEOMAGNETIC COMPARISONS ACROSS NORTHEAST ATLANTIC;230
29.6;GREENLAND AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC;231
29.7;TIMING AND PATTERN OF GREENLAND'S DRIFT;233
29.8;REFERENCES;234
30;CHAPTER 21. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN ICELAND;238
30.1;ABSTRACT;238
30.2;INTRODUCTION;238
30.3;GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS;239
30.4;GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS;241
30.5;PETROLOGICAL EVIDENCE;242
30.6;REFERENCES;245
31;CHAPTER 22. PRESENT-DAY STRESS FIELD AND SEISMOTECTONIC BLOCK MOVEMENTS ALONG MAJOR FAULT ZONES IN CENTRAL EUROPE;248
31.1;ABSTRACT;248
31.2;INTRODUCTION;248
31.3;SEISMICITY OF THE RHINE GRABEN SYSTEM;249
31.4;SEISMOTECTONIC REGIME AND PRESENT-DAY STRESS FIELD;253
31.5;AVERAGE AMOUNT OF SEISMOTECTONIC BLOCK MOVEMENTS;260
31.6;REFERENCES;263
32;CHAPTER 23. RECENT AND PALEO-INTRAPLATE TECTONICS IN STABLE EUROPE AND THE RHINEGRABEN RIFT SYSTEM;266
32.1;ABSTRACT;266
32.2;INTRODUCTION: THE RHINEGRABEN;266
32.3;ROTATING STRESS FIELD IN 'STABLE' EUROPE;267
32.4;INTRAPLATE TECTONICS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AS INDUCED BY PLATE TECTONICS ALONG THE ALPINE SYSTEM;271
32.5;TAPHROGENIC MANTLE DIAPIRISM AND OROGENIC MANTLE SUBDUCTION;273
32.6;REFERENCES;278
33;CHAPTER 24. IN-SITU STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN SOUTHWEST GERMANY;280
33.1;ABSTRACT;280
33.2;INTRODUCTION;280
33.3;POSITIONS OF MEASUREMENTS;281
33.4;METHOD USED;282
33.5;RESULTS;282
33.6;INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS;282
33.7;REFERENCES;288
34;CHAPTER 25. GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS AND RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN UPPER RHINEGRABEN;290
34.1;ABSTRACT;290
34.2;RECENT VERTICAL MOVEMENTS;290
34.3;INSTRUMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR PRECISE LEVELLINGS;294
34.4;GEODETIC BASE MEASUREMENTS FOR HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS;295
34.5;REFERENCES;297
35;CHAPTER 26. INVESTIGATION OF RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS ACROSS THE RHINE-GRABEN FLEXURE AT BASEL;298
35.1;ABSTRACT;298
35.2;INTRODUCTION;298
35.3;GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND;298
35.4;SEISMICITY;300
35.5;THE SURVEYED SECTIONS;301
35.6;REFERENCES;301
36;CHAPTER 27. SUMMARY OF GEODETIC STUDIES OF RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN SWITZERLAND;304
36.1;ABSTRACT;304
36.2;MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST, OBTAINED FROM THE REPETITION OF THE FEDERAL LEVELLING;304
36.3;STUDY OF MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST IN LIMITED AREAS;306
36.4;REFERENCES;307
37;CHAPTER 28. ACTUAL AND ANCIENT UPLIFT RATE IN THE GOTTHARD REGION, SWISS ALPS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PRECISE LEVELLING AND FISSION-TRACK APATITE AGE;308
37.1;ABSTRACT;308
37.2;INTRODUCTION;308
37.3;APATITE FISSION-TRACK CLOCK;309
37.4;THERMAL MODELS;310
37.5;RESEARCH IN THE EXTERNAL CRYSTALLINE MASSIFS;310
37.6;RESULTS;313
37.7;CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENT;315
37.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;315
37.9;REFERENCES;315
38;CHAPTER 29. IN-SITU STRESS MEASUREMENTS OF THE PRIMARY STRESS STATE IN THE SONNENBERG TUNNEL IN LUCERNE, SWITZERLAND;316
38.1;ABSTRACT;316
38.2;INTRODUCTION;316
38.3;IN-SITU TESTS;318
38.4;GEOLOGICAL—TECTONIC INTERPRETATION;324
38.5;CONCLUSION;329
38.6;REFERENCES;329
39;CHAPTER 30. SIGNIFICANCE OF STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN THE HOCHKÖNIG MASSIF IN AUSTRIA;330
39.1;ABSTRACT;330
39.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;336
39.3;REFERENCE;337
40;CHAPTER 31. SEISMICITY AND UPLIFT OF SOUTHERN ITALY;338
40.1;ABSTRACT;338
40.2;INTRODUCTION;338
40.3;TERRACES AND UPLIFT OF SOUTHERN ITALY;340
40.4;GEODETIC EFFECTS OF GREAT EARTHQUAKES IN PACIFIC ARCS;342
40.5;CONSIDERATIONS OF HISTORIC SEISMICITY;343
40.6;CONCLUSIONS;344
40.7;REFERENCES;345
41;CHAPTER 32. GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS MADE BY ISTITUTO GEOGRAFICO MILITARE IN THE STRAIT OF MESSINA AREA;346
41.1;ABSTRACT;346
41.2;PURPOSE AND PROJECT OF THE WORK;346
41.3;MEASUREMENTS DURING THE YEARS 1970 AND 1971;349
41.4;MEASUREMENTS DURING THE YEAR 1973;350
41.5;COMPUTATIONS;350
41.6;CONCLUSIONS;352
41.7;REFERENCES;352
42;CHAPTER 33. POSTGLACIAL AND RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE NORTHEAST OF THE BALTIC SHIELD;354
42.1;ABSTRACT;354
42.2;REFERENCES;358
43;CHAPTER 34. REPORT ON THE APPLICATION OF GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS TO THE DETERMINATION OF RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN FINLAND;360
43.1;ABSTRACT;360
43.2;REFERENCES;362
44;CHAPTER 35. RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF;364
44.1;ABSTRACT;364
44.2;INTRODUCTION;364
44.3;ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF NEOTECTONIC AND RECENT MOVEMENTS IN THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF;367
44.4;RECENT MOVEMENTS AND THE INNER STRUCTURE OF THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF;368
44.5;THE NATURE OF RECENT MOVEMENT AT THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF-CAR-PATHIANS BOUNDARY;371
44.6;CONCLUSION;373
44.7;REFERENCES;373
45;CHAPTER 36. UTILIZATION OF THE ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT RIVER BEDS FORTHE DETECTION OF HOLOCENE CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS;374
45.1;ABSTRACT;374
45.2;INTRODUCTION;374
45.3;THE NEW METHOD;374
45.4;UTILIZATION OF THE METHOD;380
45.5;CONCLUSIONS;382
45.6;REFERENCES;382
46;CHAPTER 37. MOVEMENT TENDENCIES OF THE WEST CARPATHIANS IN THE QUATERNARY;384
46.1;ABSTRACT;384
46.2;INTRODUCTION;384
46.3;FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIEF IN THE WEST CARPATHIANS IN THE NEOTECTONIC STAGE;384
46.4;REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF INTENSITY OF THE QUATERNARY MOVEMENTS;385
46.5;CONCLUSION;389
46.6;REFERENCES;389
47;CHAPTER 38. RESULTS OF GEODETIC AND GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE SOVIET PART OF THE EASTHERN CARPATHIANS;392
47.1;ABSTRACT;392
47.2;INTRODUCTION;392
47.3;HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS;393
47.4;VERTICAL MOVEMENTS;394
47.5;ISOSTASY;396
47.6;REFERENCES;397
48;CHAPTER 39. RECENT MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST IN POLAND: SOME NEW DATA;398
48.1;ABSTRACT;398
48.2;INTRODUCTION;398
48.3;RECENT VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN POLAND AND THEIR GENESIS;400
48.4;CONCLUSIONS;402
48.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;402
48.6;REFERENCES;403
49;CHAPTER 40. STUDIES OF RECENT VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS AT THE TERRITORIES INSUFFICIENTLY PROVIDED WITH RELEVELLING DATA;404
49.1;ABSTRACT;404
49.2;REFERENCES;409
50;CHAPTER 41. RECENT VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE PONTO-CASPIAN OROGENIC REGION;410
50.1;ABSTRACT;410
50.2;INTRODUCTION;410
50.3;CONCLUSIONS;414
50.4;REFERENCES;414
51;CHAPTER 42. TECTONIC STRUCTURES ALONG THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE, NORTHEAST OF REFAHIYE (ERZINCAN);416
51.1;ABSTRACT;416
51.2;INTRODUCTION;416
51.3;STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOLOGY;417
51.4;TECTONIC FEATURES;418
51.5;MECHANICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TECTONIC STRUCTURES;419
51.6;ON THE AGE AND THE AMOUNT OF DISPLACEMENT ALONG THE FAULT;422
51.7;ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE FAULT ZONE;424
51.8;REFERENCES;424
52;CHAPTER 43. SEISMOTECTONIC FRAMEWORK OF THE NORTH TEHRAN FAULT;426
52.1;ABSTRACT;426
52.2;INTRODUCTION;426
52.3;STRUCTURE OF THE NORTH TEHRAN FAULT;428
52.4;REGIONAL TECTONICS;430
52.5;SEISMOTECTONIC FRAMEWORK;431
52.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;433
52.7;REFERENCES;433
53;CHAPTER 44. ON HORIZONTAL DEFORMATIONS AT FAULTS RECORDED BY EXTENSOMETERS;436
53.1;ABSTRACT;436
53.2;INTRODUCTION;436
53.3;STRAIN VELOCITY IN TECTONICALLY DIFFERENT REGIONS;437
53.4;CONCLUSION;441
53.5;REFERENCES;442
54;CHAPTER 45. REGULARITIES OF THE DEFORMATIONS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST AT THE JOINT OF THE PAMIRS AND TIEN-SHAN;444
54.1;ABSTRACT;444
55;CHAPTER 46. RECENT SEISMOTECTONIC FAULT MOVEMENTS IN THE MOUNTAINREGIONS OF MIDDLE ASIA AND THEIR RELATION WITH EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE;454
55.1;ABSTRACT;454
55.2;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;460
55.3;REFERENCES;460
56;CHAPTER 47. IN-SITU STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA;462
56.1;ABSTRACT;462
56.2;INTRODUCTION;462
56.3;RESULTS;464
56.4;DISCUSSION;467
56.5;CONCLUSIONS;470
56.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;471
56.7;REFERENCES;471
56.8;APPENDIX;472
57;CHAPTER 48. RECENT CRUST AL DEFORMATION IN THE ETHIOPIAN RIFT VALLEY;476
57.1;ABSTRACT;476
57.2;INTRODUCTION;476
57.3;METHOD OF ANALYSIS;476
57.4;RESULTS;478
57.5;CONCLUSIONS;483
57.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;484
57.7;REFERENCES;484
58;CHAPTER 49. GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS ACROSS PART OF THE AFAR DEPRESSION, EAST AFRICA;486
58.1;ABSTRACT;486
58.2;PRESENT-DAY TECTONIC MOVEMENTS IN THE GHOUBBET-LAKE ASSAL RIFT.;486
58.3;GEODETIC NETWORK;488
58.4;PRECISE LEVELLING;491
58.5;CONCLUSION;492
58.6;REFERENCES;492
59;CHAPTER 50. RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS ALONG THE RED SEA AND GULF OF ADEN COASTS IN AFAR (ETHIOPIA AND T.F.A.I.*);494
59.1;ABSTRACT;494
59.2;INTRODUCTION;494
59.3;METHOD;495
59.4;RESULTS;496
59.5;CONCLUSIONS;499
59.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;499
59.7;REFERENCES;500
60;CHAPTER 51. GRAVITY AND TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE WAKE OF DRIFTING CONTINENTS;502
60.1;ABSTRACT;502
60.2;INTRODUCTION;502
60.3;GEOTHERMAL MODEL;504
60.4;RESULTS;509
60.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;515
60.6;APPENDIX I;515
60.7;APPENDIX II;516
60.8;APPENDIX III;517
60.9;REFERENCES;517
61;CHAPTER 52. EPEIROGENIC STUDIES IN INDIA WITH REFERENCE TO RECENT VERTICAL MOVEMENTS;520
61.1;ABSTRACT;520
61.2;INTRODUCTION;520
61.3;GENERAL ASPECTS OF EPEIROGENIC STUDIES;521
61.4;EPEIROGENIC MOVEMENTS IN INDIA;522
61.5;AREAS SELECTED FOR EPEIROGENIC STUDIES UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL GEODYNAMICS PROJECT;532
61.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;535
61.7;REFERENCES;535
62;CHAPTER 53. CRUSTAL EFFECTS OF A HEAVY OFFSHORE EARTHQUAKE IN EASTERN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN;538
62.1;ABSTRACT;538
62.2;INTRODUCTION;538
62.3;GEODETIC AND GEOPHYSICAL FACTS;539
62.4;MECHANISM OF THE EARTHQUAKE;540
62.5;GEODETIC AND GEOPHYSICAL NOTES;541
62.6;REFERENCES;543
63;CHAPTER 54. CRUSTAL STRAIN FROM TRIANGULATION IN MARLBOROUGH, NEW ZEALAND;544
63.1;ABSTRACT;544
63.2;INTRODUCTION;544
63.3;HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;546
63.4;METHOD OF ANALYSIS;546
63.5;RESULTS;550
63.6;CONCLUSION;554
63.7;REFERENCES;555
64;CHAPTER 55. EARTH-DEFORMATION STUDIES IN NEW ZEALAND;556
64.1;ABSTRACT;556
64.2;INTRODUCTION;556
64.3;LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION IN NEW ZEALAND;556
64.4;GEODETIC DEFORMATION STUDIES;562
64.5;GEOPHYSICAL SETTING;564
64.6;REFERENCES;565