Ozgur / Garfin / Benzel Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

A Practical Guide to Anatomy and Techniques
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-89831-5
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 187 Seiten

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery is a beautifully illustrated atlas describing the 18 most widely accepted minimally invasive procedures in spine surgery. Written by leaders in both neurologic and orthopedic spine surgery, this book offers the most up-to-date material and the broadest perspective on the subject. Procedures range from simple to complex and cover the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Garfin, Steven

Benzel, Edward

Ozgur, Burak

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Foreword;7
3;Preface;8
4;Contents;9
5;Contributors;11
6;General Introduction and Principles of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery;14
7;Image-Guided Spinal Navigation: Principles and Clinical Applications;19
7.1;Introduction;19
7.2;Principles of Image-Guided Spinal Navigation;20
7.3;Clinical Applications;23
7.3.1;Pedicle Fixation;23
7.3.2;Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery;25
7.3.3;C1-2 Transarticular Screw Fixation;26
7.3.4;Segmental C1-2 Screw Fixation;28
7.3.5;Transoral Surgery;29
7.3.6;Anterior Thoracolumbar Surgery;30
7.3.7;Other Spinal Applications;31
7.4;Pitfalls of Image-Guided Spinal Navigation;31
7.5;Fluoroscopic Navigation;31
7.6;Conclusion;34
7.7;References;34
8;Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy;35
8.1;Introduction;35
8.2;Surgical Indications and Preparation;36
8.3;Surgical Technique;36
8.3.1;Positioning;36
8.3.2;Original Description of Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy;36
8.3.3;Surgiologic Evolution of Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy;37
8.3.3.1;Lower-Vertebral Transcorporeal Approach;37
8.3.3.2;Transuncal Approach;39
8.3.3.3;Upper-Vertebral Transcorporeal Approach;39
8.3.3.4;Anterior Cervical Foraminoplasty;39
8.4;Postoperative Management;41
8.5;Results;42
8.6;Discussion;42
8.7;References;44
9;Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Laminectomy;45
9.1;Introduction;45
9.2;Indications;46
9.3;Preoperative Evaluation;46
9.4;Equipment;46
9.5;Setup;47
9.6;Technique Description;48
9.6.1;CMEF/D Technique;48
9.6.2;CMEDS Technique;51
9.6.3;Closure and Postoperative Care;51
9.7;Complications;52
9.8;Pearls and Pitfalls;53
9.9;Conclusion;53
9.10;References;53
10;Posterior Cervical Instrumentation and Fusion;55
10.1;Introduction;55
10.1.1;Rationale and Indications for a Minimally Invasive Approach;57
10.2;Positioning and Setup;59
10.3;Tubular Dilation and Exposure;59
10.4;Instrumentation;62
10.4.1;Transfacet Screws;65
10.5;Closure;68
10.6;Pearls and Pitfalls;68
10.7;Clinical Experience;68
10.8;References;69
11;Thoracoscopic Discectomy;71
11.1;Introduction;71
11.2;Technique;71
11.2.1;Case 1;75
11.2.2;Case 2;78
11.3;References;78
12;Thoracic and Lumbar Kyphoplasty;79
12.1;Introduction;79
12.2;Indications;79
12.2.1;Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures;79
12.2.2;Treatment of Lytic Neoplastic Lesions;80
12.3;Equipment;81
12.4;Setup;81
12.4.1;Anesthesia;81
12.4.2;Positioning;81
12.5;Technique Description;82
12.5.1;Vertebral Body Cannulation: Placement of the Jamshidi Needle;82
12.5.1.1;Transpedicular Approach;82
12.5.1.2;Lateral Extrapedicular Approach;83
12.5.1.3;Posterolateral Approach;83
12.5.2;Creating a Bone Void: Biopsy, Drilling, and Balloon Inflation;84
12.5.3;Stabilizing the Void: Cement Delivery;85
12.6;Postoperative Care;85
12.7;Complications;85
12.8;Pearls and Pitfalls;86
12.8.1;Difficult Reductions: Using the Bone Curette;86
12.8.2;Directing Reduction: Use of Directional Balloon Tamps;86
12.8.3;Vertebral Body Breakthrough: Eggshell Technique of Containing Bone Cement;86
12.9;References;86
13;Thoracoscopic Deformity Correction;88
13.1;Introduction;88
13.2;Indications;88
13.2.1;Scoliosis;88
13.2.2;Crankshaft Deformity Prevention;89
13.2.3;Thoracic Hyperkyphosis Deformities;89
13.2.4;Congenital Deformity;89
13.3;Contraindications;89
13.4;Thoracoscopic Technique;90
13.4.1;Preoperative Planning;90
13.4.2;Surgical Equipment;90
13.4.3;Positioning of the Patient;90
13.4.4;Port Location;90
13.4.5;Spine Exposure;90
13.4.6;Anterior Release;91
13.4.7;Anterior Instrumentation;92
13.4.8;Pleural Closure;93
13.5;Postoperative Management;94
13.6;Complications;94
13.7;Illustrative Case;94
13.8;Summary;95
13.9;References;96
14;Paracoccygeal Transsacral Access to the Lumbosacral Junction for Interbody Fusion and Stabilization;98
14.1;Introduction;98
14.2;Presacral Anatomy;98
14.3;Evolution of Technique;99
14.4;Surgical Technique;99
14.4.1;Preoperative Planning;99
14.4.2;Patient Preparation;99
14.4.3;Operating Room Setup;99
14.4.4;Access and Trajectory Planning;100
14.4.5;Centerline Trajectory;100
14.4.6;Working Cannula and Disc Space Preparation;101
14.4.7;Bone Graft Application;101
14.4.8;Preparing to Implant the Axial Rod;101
14.4.9;Axial Rod Implantation;102
14.5;Potential Complications;102
14.6;Conclusion;102
14.7;References;103
15;Facet Joint Anatomy and Approach for Denervation;104
15.1;Introduction;104
15.2;Indications;104
15.3;Anatomy;105
15.4;Biomechanics;105
15.4.1;Innervation;105
15.5;Denervation Technique;105
15.6;Complications;107
15.7;Discussion;107
15.8;References;108
16;Facet Joint and Epidural Injections;110
16.1;Facet Joint Injections;110
16.1.1;Anatomical Considerations;110
16.1.2;Indications;110
16.1.3;Technique;110
16.1.3.1;Intraarticular Facet Injections;111
16.1.3.1.1;Cervical;111
16.1.3.1.2;Thoracic;112
16.1.3.1.3;Lumbar;112
16.1.3.2;Medial Branch Blocks;112
16.1.3.2.1;Cervical;112
16.1.3.2.2;Thoracic;112
16.1.3.2.3;Lumbar;113
16.1.4;Complications;113
16.2;Epidural Steroid Injections;113
16.2.1;Anatomical Considerations;113
16.2.2;Indications;113
16.2.3;Technique;114
16.2.3.1;Cervical;114
16.2.3.1.1;Interlaminar Approach;114
16.2.3.1.2;Transforaminal Approach;114
16.2.3.2;Lumbar;114
16.2.3.2.1;Interlaminar Approach;114
16.2.3.2.2;Transforaminal Approach;114
16.2.3.3;Caudal;115
16.2.4;Complications;115
16.3;Chap11Bib1;115
16.4;Suggested Reading;110
17;Discography and Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy;116
17.1;Introduction;116
17.2;Endoscopic Discectomy Technique;116
17.2.1;Indications/Contraindications;116
17.2.2;Anesthetic Technique;117
17.2.3;Determining Surgical Landmarks;117
17.2.4;Needle Insertion;119
17.2.5;Cannula Insertion;119
17.3;Discectomy;119
17.4;Discectomy After Previous Surgery;121
17.4.1;Endoscopic Decompression;121
17.5;Pearls and Pitfalls;121
17.6;Clinical Outcomes;123
17.7;Discussion;124
17.8;References;124
18;Discectomy and Laminectomy;125
18.1;Introduction;125
18.2;Indications;125
18.2.1;Description of System Components;125
18.3;Operative Technique;125
18.3.1;Preparation and Positioning;125
18.3.2;Surgical Procedure;126
18.4;Complications;129
18.5;Discussion;130
18.6;References;130
19;Combining Minimally Invasive Techniques for Treating Multilevel Disease as Well as Adult Degenerative Scoliosis;131
19.1;Introduction;131
19.2;Clinical Presentation;131
19.2.1;Diagnostic Evaluation;131
19.2.1.1;Plain Radiography;131
19.2.1.2;MRI and CT Myelography;132
19.2.1.3;Discograms and Facet Blocks;132
19.2.2;Therapeutic Intervention;132
19.2.2.1;Nonoperative Management;132
19.2.2.2;Operative Management;132
19.3;The Lateral Transpsoas Approach;132
19.4;The Paracoccygeal Transsacral Access to the Lumbosacral Junction for Interbody Fusion and Stabilization;133
19.5;Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement for Spinal Instrumentation;133
19.6;Case Examples;133
19.6.1;Case 1;133
19.6.2;Case 2;134
19.7;Discussion;135
19.8;Conclusion;136
19.9;References;137
20;Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF);138
20.1;Introduction;138
20.2;Indications;138
20.2.1;Description of System Components;138
20.3;Operative Technique;139
20.3.1;Preparation and Positioning;139
20.3.2;Surgical Procedure;139
20.4;Complications;141
20.5;Discussion;141
20.6;References;141
21;Lateral Approach for Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (XLIF and DLIF);143
21.1;Introduction;143
21.2;Materials and Methods;143
21.2.1;Patient Selection and Surgical Indications;143
21.3;Surgical Technique;143
21.3.1;Patient Preparation;143
21.3.2;Retroperitoneal Access;144
21.3.3;Transpsoas Access;145
21.3.3.1;Disc Exposure;146
21.3.4;Discectomy and Interbody Implant Placement;147
21.3.5;Closure;147
21.4;Results;148
21.5;Discussion;148
21.6;Conclusion;149
21.7;References;150
22;Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF);151
22.1;Introduction;151
22.2;Technique;152
22.2.1;Preoperative Planning;152
22.2.2;Patient Positioning;152
22.2.3;Surgical Approach;153
22.2.4;Approach of L5-S1;153
22.2.5;Complete Discectomy;155
22.2.6;Discectomy Technique;155
22.2.7;Endplate Preparation;155
22.2.8;Fluoroscopy;156
22.3;References;156
23;Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement for Spinal Instrumentation;157
23.1;Introduction;157
23.1.1;Pedicle Access Using a Lateral-to-Medial Trajectory;158
23.1.2;Bull’s-Eye Targeting of the Pedicle Screws;161
23.2;Minimally Invasive Instrumentation;161
23.2.1;Electrophysiological Monitoring;164
23.2.2;Radiographic Confirmation of Pedicle Screw Placement;164
23.3;Conclusion;165
23.4;References;165
24;Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvest and Fusion Techniques;167
24.1;Introduction;167
24.2;Anterior Iliac Crest Harvest;167
24.3;Technique;168
24.4;Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Grafting;170
24.5;Technique;170
24.6;Discussion;172
24.7;References;172
25;Technologies for Use in Indirect Distraction Procedures;174
25.1;Introduction;174
25.1.1;Polymethylmethacrylate Cement;174
25.1.2;Handling and Setting Characteristics;175
25.1.3;Mechanical and Biomechanical Performance;176
25.1.4;In vivo Behavior;176
25.2;Calcium Phosphate Cements;177
25.2.1;Calcium Phosphate Cement Chemistry;177
25.2.2;Handling and Setting;178
25.2.3;Strength and Biomechanical Properties;179
25.2.4;Calcium Phosphate Cement Resorption and Remodeling;180
25.2.5;Clinical Findings;180
25.3;Future Technologies for Use in Indirect Distraction;181
25.4;Conclusion;182
25.5;References;182
26;Index;185