Overton / Meadows Stormwater Modeling

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6466-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 370 Seiten, Web PDF

Stormwater Modeling presents the fundamentals of deterministic, parametric, and stochastic stormwater modeling. It is assumed that the reader or student will have a basic background in science or engineering; however, the authors are of the opinion that one can comfortably read and understand this treatise with a fundamental knowledge of calculus and differential equations. The book has been written with the intent of reaching an audience concerned primarily with evaluating the effects of land use on stormwater for the purpose of doing feasibility studies, planning, and/or design work. The book is organized into five parts. Part I discusses various modeling concepts such as the definition of a mathematical model, the systems approach to model building, examples of parametric and deterministic modeling, and stormwater model optimization. Part II on deterministic modeling covers the modeling of overland and open channel flow; kinematic flow approximation; and estimation of time of concentration using kinematic wave theory. Part III covers parametric modeling and includes chapters on model optimization;. analysis of the effects of urbanization and logging on stormwater; and evaluation of the effects of strip coal mining on watershed hydrologic response. Parts IV and V deal with stochastic stormwater modeling and stormwater quality modeling, respectively.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Overton, Donald E.

Meadows, Michael E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Stormwater Modeling;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;12
6;PART II: Introduction and Modeling Concepts;14
6.1;Chapter 1. Introduction and Modeling Concepts;16
6.1.1;1-1 Stormwater Defined;16
6.1.2;1-2 What Is a Mathematical Model?;17
6.1.3;1-3 The Systems Approach to Model Building;18
6.1.4;1-4 Systems Terminology and Definitions;19
6.1.5;1-5 The Modeling Approach;20
6.1.6;1-6 Example of Parametric Modeling;21
6.1.7;1-7 Example of Deterministic Modeling;22
6.1.8;1-8 Linkage between Parametric and Deterministic Modeling;23
6.1.9;1-9 Choice of Model Complexity;23
6.1.10;1-10 Stormwater Model Optimization by Objective Best Fitting;24
6.1.11;1-11 Sensitivity Analysis;26
6.1.12;1-12 Regionalization of Parameters;26
6.1.13;1-13 Range of Choice of Stormwater Models;27
6.1.14;Problems;27
6.1.15;References;28
6.2;Chapter 2. Rainfall Excess;32
6.2.1;2-1 Introduction;32
6.2.2;2-2 Interception Models;32
6.2.3;2-3 Depression Storage Models;34
6.2.4;2-4 Soil Physics Models of Infiltration;35
6.2.5;2-5 Hydrologie Models of Infiltration;44
6.2.6;2-6 Evapotranspiration Models;50
6.2.7;Problems;53
6.2.8;References;53
7;PART II: Deterministic Modeling;30
7.1;Chapter 3. Overland and Open Channel Flow;55
7.1.1;3-1 Introduction;55
7.1.2;3.2 The Governing Equations of Motion;55
7.1.3;3-3 Kinematic and Dynamic Waves;58
7.1.4;3-4 Solution Techniques;60
7.1.5;Problems;67
7.1.6;References;69
7.2;Chapter 4. Kinematic Flow Approximation;71
7.2.1;4-1 Introduction;71
7.2.2;4-2 The Kinematic Approximation to Overland Flow;71
7.2.3;4-3 Kinematic Flow Number;74
7.2.4;4-4 Kinematic Flow on Long Impermeable Planes—the Rising Hydrograph;75
7.2.5;4-5 Time to Equilibrium;81
7.2.6;4-6 Equilibrium Depth Profile;81
7.2.7;4-7 The Falling Hydrograph;82
7.2.8;4-8 Model for a V-Shaped Watershed;83
7.2.9;4-9 Overland Flow on a Converging Surface;87
7.2.10;4-10 Overland Flow on a Cascade of Planes;89
7.2.11;4-11 Kinematic Shock;90
7.2.12;4-12 Kinematic Streamflow;92
7.2.13;4-13 Free Surface Storm Sewer Flow;94
7.2.14;Problems;95
7.2.15;References;98
7.3;Chapter 5. Estimation of Time of Concentration Using Kinematic Wave Theory;100
7.3.1;5-1 Introduction;100
7.3.2;5-2 Derivation of Time of Concentration;101
7.3.3;5-3 Time of Concentration for a Plane;101
7.3.4;5-4 Time of Concentration of a Cascade of Planes;102
7.3.5;5-5 Time of Concentration of a V-Shaped Watershed;103
7.3.6;5-6 Time of Concentration of a Converging Surface;104
7.3.7;5-7 A Concept of Lag Modulus;106
7.3.8;5-8 Estimation of Time of Concentration on Complex Catchments Where Stormwater Data Are Available;107
7.3.9;5-9 Summary;109
7.3.10;Problems;109
7.3.11;References;110
7.4;Chapter 6. Examples of Deterministic Stormwater Modeling;111
7.4.1;6-1 Introduction;111
7.4.2;6-2 A Model of Rural Stormwater;111
7.4.3;6-3 A Model of Urban Peak Runoff Design;121
7.4.4;6-4 Use of Stormwater Detention Basins for Peak Runoff Reduction;127
7.4.5;6-5 Hydrologie Impact of Storm Sewers;132
7.4.6;6-6 Stormwater Management Models;133
7.4.7;6-7 A Comparison of Urban Stormwater Models;138
7.4.8;Problems;140
7.4.9;References;140
7.5;Chapter 7. Systems Approach to Deterministic Stormwater Modeling;142
7.5.1;7-1 Introduction;142
7.5.2;7-2 Linear and Nonlinear Hydrologic Systems;142
7.5.3;7-3 Derivation of Response Function;144
7.5.4;7-4 Development of the Variable Response Model (VRM);147
7.5.5;7-5 Examples of Application of VRM;159
7.5.6;7-6 Hydrologic Design of Stormwater Inlets;165
7.5.7;7-7 Conclusions;167
7.5.8;Problems;167
7.5.9;References;168
8;PART III: Parametric Modeling;170
8.1;Chapter 8. History of Parametric Stormwater Modeling;172
8.1.1;8-1 Introduction;172
8.1.2;8-2 Parametric Modeling Prior to the High Speed Digital Computer;174
8.1.3;8-3 Parametric Modeling with High Speed Digital Computers;177
8.1.4;8-4 Present State of the Art;180
8.1.5;Problems;180
8.1.6;References;180
8.2;Chapter 9. Model Optimization Techniques;182
8.2.1;9-1 Need for Objective Best Fitting;182
8.2.2;9-2 Linear Least Squares;182
8.2.3;9-3 Nonlinear Least Squares;185
8.2.4;9-4 Principal Components Analysis;187
8.2.5;9-5 Stepwise Multiple Regression;199
8.2.6;9-6 Rosenbrock's Method;199
8.2.7;9-7 Pattern Search;200
8.2.8;9-8 Summary;202
8.2.9;Problems;203
8.2.10;References;204
8.3;Chapter 10. Evaluation of Effects of Urbanization and Logging on Stormwater;205
8.3.1;10-1 Introduction;205
8.3.2;10-2 TVA Stormwater Model;206
8.3.3;10-3 Model Tests;213
8.3.4;10-4 Simulated Effects of Forest Cutting on Stormwater;220
8.3.5;10-5 Simulated Effects of Urbanization on Stormwater;222
8.3.6;10-6 Model Limitations;226
8.3.7;Problems;226
8.3.8;References;226
8.4;Chapter 11. Evaluation of the Effects of Strip Mining on Streamflow;228
8.4.1;11-1 Introduction;228
8.4.2;11-2 TVA Daily Flow Model;229
8.4.3;11-3 Stanford Model;240
8.4.4;11-4 Conclusions;246
8.4.5;Problems;249
8.4.6;References;250
8.5;Chapter 12. Sensitivity Analysis;251
8.5.1;12.1 Need for Sensitivity Analysis;251
8.5.2;12-2 USGS Model;251
8.5.3;12-3 Model Optimization;254
8.5.4;12-4 A Case Study;254
8.5.5;12-5 Conclusions;256
8.5.6;Problems;258
8.5.7;References;258
8.6;Chapter 13. Regionalization of Model Parameters;259
8.6.1;13-1 Introduction;259
8.6.2;13-2 Regionalization of TVA Stormwater Model;259
8.6.3;13-3 Example Applications;263
8.6.4;13-4 Limitations of Regionalized Models;269
8.6.5;Problems;269
8.6.6;References;270
9;PART IV: Stochastic Stormwater
Modeling;272
9.1;Chapter 14. Stormwater Frequency Modeling;274
9.1.1;14-1 Introduction;274
9.1.2;14-2 Return Period;275
9.1.3;14-3 Probability Density Functions ;277
9.1.4;14-4 Plotting Positions;278
9.1.5;14-5 Best Fit Criteria;279
9.1.6;14-6 Outliers;285
9.1.7;14-7 Confidence Intervals—Reliability;285
9.1.8;14-8 Effects of Urbanization on Stormwater Frequency;287
9.1.9;14-9 Design Risk;290
9.1.10;14-10 Conclusions;292
9.1.11;Problems;292
9.1.12;References;293
10;PART V: Stormwater Quality
Modeling;296
10.1;Chapter 15. State of the Art in Stormwater Quality;298
10.1.1;15-1 Introduction;298
10.1.2;15-2 Stormwater as a Pollutant ;299
10.1.3;15-3 Nonpoint Source;300
10.1.4;15-4 Effects of Pollutants on Receiving Streams and Lakes;301
10.1.5;15-5 Quality of Urban Runoff;304
10.1.6;15-6 Quality of Agricultural Runoff;307
10.1.7;15-7 Quality of Runoff from Mining Areas;311
10.1.8;15-8 Quality of Runoff from Forests and Woodlands;313
10.1.9;15-9 Conclusion;313
10.1.10;Problems;314
10.1.11;References;314
10.2;Chapter 16. Simulating Pollutographs and Loadographs;316
10.2.1;16-1 Introduction;316
10.2.2;16-2 Accumulation of Pollutants;317
10.2.3;16-3 Removal of Pollutants;324
10.2.4;16-4 Simulating Pollutographs and Loadographs;336
10.2.5;Problems;355
10.2.6;References;356
10.3;Chapter 17. Development of Stormwater Quality Indices;358
10.3.1;17-1 Introduction;358
10.3.2;17-2 "Consumers' Water Quality Index";359
10.3.3;17-3 A Multivariate Approach;360
10.3.4;17-4 Principal Components Regression;362
10.3.5;17-5 Conclusions;363
10.3.6;Problems;364
10.3.7;References;364
11;Appendix I;366
12;Index;368