Oshima Information-Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology

Proceedings of the IFAC International Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, 17 - 20 October 1977
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8823-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 406 Seiten, Web PDF

Information-Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology contains the proceedings of an international symposium on 'Information-Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology' held in Tokyo, Japan, on October 17-20, 1977 under the auspices of the International Federation of Automatic Control. The symposium provided a forum for discussing various engineering and technical problems in the automation of every step of the manufacturing process including design, machining, material handling, assembling, and inspection. Comprised of 46 chapters, this book begins by describing the modeling and simulation of a production system for small batch size metalworking production with high automation and high flexibility. The discussion then turns to the conceptual design of a multi-purpose automated Integrated Production Center for batch or piecewise production; research issues for automatic assembly; and practical application of diagnostic signature analysis to testing of rotating machines. Subsequent chapters focus on a profile pattern recognition system for machine parts; automatic inspection of defects on contact parts; the use of material-handling robots for programmable automation; and extra-cyclic passages of gray codes and their applications in numerical control design. This monograph will be of interest to engineers and technicians employed in the manufacturing industry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Oshima, Y.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Information-Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;PROGRAMME;8
6;FOREWORD;16
7;CHAPTER 1. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING PROCESSES;18
7.1;ABSTRACT;18
7.2;INTRODUCTION;18
7.3;1. MODELING OF SYSTEMS;18
7.4;2. SIMULATION;19
7.5;3. EVALUATION OF SIMULATION RUNS;20
7.6;4. BREAKDOWNS OF COMPONENTS;22
7.7;5. CONCLUSIONS;23
7.8;6. REFERENCES;23
8;CHAPTER 2. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INTEGRATED PRODUCTION CENTER;24
8.1;ABSTRACT;24
8.2;INTRODUCTION;24
8.3;DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF INTEGRATED PRODUCTION CENTER;24
8.4;SIGNIFICANCE OF PROCESS MERGER;25
8.5;SOFTWARE;26
8.6;EXAMPLE OF DESIGN;26
8.7;REFERENCE;27
9;CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH ISSUES FOR AUTOMATIC ASSEMBLY;32
9.1;ABSTRACT;32
9.2;INTRODUCTION;32
9.3;RESEARCH APPROACH;33
9.4;CONCLUSION;40
9.5;REFERENCES;40
9.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;41
10;CHAPTER 4. ON–LINE SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THICKNESS OF ULTRA-THIN NON-METALLIC LAYER ON STRIP SURFACE;42
10.1;ABSTRACT;42
10.2;INTRODUCTION;42
10.3;THEORETICAL BACKGROUND;43
10.4;METHOD OF CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT;44
10.5;CONCLUSION;49
10.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;49
10.7;REFERENCES;49
11;CHAPTER 5. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF DIAGNOSTIC SIGNATURE ANALYSIS TO TESTING OF ROTATING MACHINES;50
11.1;SUMMARY;50
11.2;1. INTRODUCTION;50
11.3;2. CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTS;51
11.4;3. ANALYSIS;51
11.5;4. PRACTICAL DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT;52
11.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;52
11.7;6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;53
11.8;REFERENCES;53
12;CHAPTER 6. APPLICATION OF LASER HOLOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE TO MICRO PATTERN POSITIONING IN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS MANUFACTURING;58
12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;58
12.2;2. OUTLINE OF PAST RESEARCH;58
12.3;3. PRINCIPLE OF POSITION DETECTION AND ITS ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTIONS;58
12.4;4. DETECTION AND CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL AND TILTING ANGLES;61
12.5;5. CONSTRUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS;63
12.6;6. ACCURACY OBTAINED;64
12.7;7. CONCLUSION;64
12.8;REFERENCES;65
12.9;APPENDIX I;65
13;CHAPTER 7. PROFILE PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR MACHINE PARTS;70
13.1;ABSTRACT;70
13.2;INTRODUCTION;70
13.3;METHODOLOGY OF PATTERN RECOGNITION;70
13.4;SOFTWARE;73
13.5;HARDWARE;73
13.6;CONCLUSIONS;74
13.7;REFERENCES;74
14;CHAPTER 8. STUDY ON AUTOMATIC VISUAL INSPECTION OF SHADOW-MASK MASTER PATTERNS;80
14.1;ABSTRACT;80
14.2;INTRODUCTION;80
14.3;SYSTEM STRUCTURE;82
14.4;CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PATTERN DETECTION;82
14.5;ALGORITHM OF JUDGMENT;83
14.6;EXPERIMENTAL RESULT;85
14.7;CONCLUSION;87
14.8;REFERENCES;87
15;CHAPTER 9. TRANSIENT INFORMATION IN INSPECTION;88
15.1;ABSTRACT;88
15.2;INTRODUCTION;88
15.3;DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM;88
15.4;SOLUTIONS;93
15.5;NUMERICAL EXAMPLE;94
15.6;EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE;95
15.7;CONCLUSION;97
15.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;98
15.9;REFERENCES;98
16;CHAPTER 10. A NEW VISTA FOR INSPECTION AND EVALUATION OF MANUFACTURED GOODS;100
16.1;ABSTRACT;100
16.2;INTRODUCTION;100
16.3;AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE;102
16.4;THEORETICAL;103
16.5;APPLICATION OF DATA HANDLING TECHNOLOGY TO INSPECTION — A CASE OF GEAR MESHING TEST;105
16.6;EASE OF EVALUATION;108
16.7;CONCLUSION;110
16.8;REFERENCES;110
17;CHAPTER 11. STUDY ON AUTOMATIC INSPECTION OF DEFECTS ON CONTACT PARTS;112
17.1;INTRODUCTION;112
17.2;Conclusion;118
17.3;References;118
18;CHAPTER 12. A REITERATIVE OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR PIECEWISE LINEAR ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS AND ITS APPLICATION TO HARDWOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING;120
18.1;ABSTRACT;120
18.2;INTRODUCTION;120
18.3;EDGE OPTIMIZATION METHODS;121
18.4;TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TWO OPTIMIZATION METHODS;125
18.5;CONCLUSION;126
18.6;Acknowlegement;126
18.7;References;126
18.8;APPENDIX A;126
19;CHAPTER 13. CLASSIFICATION OF GRASPED OBJECT'S SHAPE BY AN ARTIFICIAL HAND WITH MULTI-ELEMENT TACTILE SENSORS;128
19.1;ABSTRACT;128
19.2;1. INTRODUCTION;128
19.3;2. A MODEL OF TACTILE SENSOR;129
19.4;3. A DESCRIPTION OF ARTIFICIAL HAND AND TACTILE SENSORS;130
19.5;4 EXPERIMENT ON CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTS;134
19.6;5 CONCLUSION;134
19.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;134
19.8;REFERENCES;134
20;CHAPTER 14. ON FORCE SENSING INFORMATION AND ITS USE IN CONTROLLING MANIPULATORS;136
20.1;ABSTRACT;136
20.2;1. INTRODUCTION;136
20.3;2. FORCE SENSING TECHNIQUES;136
20.4;3. DESIGN OF A FORCE SENSING WRIST;137
20.5;4. AUTOMATIC FORCE WRIST CALIBRATION;140
20.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;143
20.7;BIBLIOGRAPHY;143
21;CHAPTER 15. A ROBOT HAND WITH ELASTIC FINGERS AND ITS APPLICATION TO ASSEMBLY PROCESS;144
21.1;ABSTRACT;144
21.2;1. INTRODUCTION;144
21.3;2. CONSTRUCTION OF A ROBOT HAND AND ITS CONTROL SCHEME;144
21.4;3. ANALYSIS OF PREHENSION SYSTEM;145
21.5;4. DESIGN OF HAND CONTROL SYSTEM;149
21.6;5. APPLICATION TO ASSEMBLY PROCESSES;150
21.7;6. EXPERIMENT;151
21.8;7. CONCLUSION;152
21.9;REFERENCES;152
22;CHAPTER 16. TASK-ORIENTED VARIABLE CONTROL OF MANIPULATOR AND ITS SOFTWARE SERVOING SYSTEM;156
22.1;ABSTRACT;156
22.2;1. INTRODUCTION;156
22.3;2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A MANIPULATOR;156
22.4;3. DECOMPOSITION OF MOTION AND CONTROLLED VARIABLES;158
22.5;4. SERVO;159
22.6;5. SIMPLIFIED SOFTWARE SERVOING SYSTEM;160
22.7;6. CONCLUSIONS;160
22.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;160
22.9;REFERENCES;160
23;CHAPTER 17. MATERIAL–HANDLING ROBOTS FOR PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION;164
23.1;ABSTRACT;164
23.2;INTRODUCTION;164
23.3;RESEARCH ISSUES;167
23.4;MODELS AND THEORY OF MANIPULATION;167
23.5;OPEN LOOP AND CLOSED LOOP CONTROL;167
23.6;SAFETY;168
23.7;TRAINING AND PROGRAMMING;168
23.8;REFERENCES;168
24;CHAPTER 18. AUTOMATIC ASSEMBLY IN BATCH PRODUCTION;170
24.1;ABSTRACT;170
24.2;2. Assembly from a technical point of view;170
24.3;3. Assembly from a organizational point of view;170
24.4;4. Considerations on the quality of the components used in the assembly process;171
24.5;5. Parts feeding;171
24.6;6. Information flow in assembly processes;172
25;CHAPTER 19. A SYSTEM RECOVERING METHOD FROM TRACKING CONFUSIONS IN CONVEYOR SYSTEM;176
25.1;ABSTRACT;176
25.2;INTRODUCTION;176
25.3;STRUCTURE OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM AND ITS PROBLE;177
25.4;FAULT IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM;178
25.5;SYSTEM RECOVERING METHOD;180
25.6;APPLICATION;180
25.7;CONCLUSION;181
26;CHAPTER 20. ADVANTAGES AND CONDITIONS FOR A DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE WORKPIECE-GEOMETRY ON NC-MACHINE TOOLS;182
26.1;SUMMARY;182
26.2;INTRODUCTION;182
26.3;CONDITIONS FOR A DIRECT WORKPIECE MEASUREMENT;183
26.4;REFERENCES;189
27;CHAPTER 21. A PROPOSAL OF THE MULTILAYERED CONTROL OF MACHINE TOOLS FOR FULLY AUTOMATED MACHINING OPERATIONS;190
27.1;ABSTRACT;190
27.2;INTRODUCTION;190
27.3;STRUCTURE OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM;190
27.4;EXPERIMENTAL METHOD;194
27.5;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;195
27.6;CONCLUSION;198
27.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;198
27.8;REFERENCES;198
28;CHAPTER 22. A METHOD OF TOOL PATH DISTRIBUTION ON A CNC;200
28.1;1. Introduction;200
28.2;2. The Function;200
28.3;3. The Method;201
28.4;4. Conclusion;205
29;CHAPTER 23. MULTIMICROPROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINE TOOLS;206
29.1;ABSTRACT;206
29.2;INTRODUCTION;206
29.3;SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINE TOOLS;206
29.4;REQUIREMENTS OF CONTROL AND PROGRAMMING SYSTEM;206
29.5;PROGRAMMING;207
29.6;CONTROL SYSTEM;208
29.7;CONCLUSIONS;210
29.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;210
29.9;REFERENCE;210
30;CHAPTER 24. AN ADAPTIVE CNC SYSTEM OF A MILLING MACHINE TOOL;212
30.1;ABSTRACT;212
30.2;INTRODUCTION;212
30.3;IDENTIFICATION OF CUTTING CONDITIONS;213
30.4;COMPUTATION OF TOOL TIP TEMPERATURE;215
30.5;TOOL WEAR RATE EQUATION;218
30.6;CONSTITUTION OF ADAPTIVE CNC SYSTEM AND ON LINE CUTTING EXPERIMENT;220
30.7;IDENTIFICATION OF WIDTH AND DEPTH OF CUT;221
30.8;CONCLUSIONS;222
30.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;222
30.10;REFERENCES;222
31;CHAPTER 25. CNC APPLICATIONS;224
31.1;1. Introduction;224
31.2;2. Coordinate rotation for easy handling of heavy work;224
31.3;3. Inductosyn scale error compensation for increasing accuracy;224
31.4;4. Double check system for expensive work;226
31.5;5. Combined system with numerical control and tracer control;226
31.6;6. For more flexible programming;227
31.7;7. Conclusion;227
32;CHAPTER 26. ON THE AUTOMATION OF CAM PROFILE CONTROL;228
32.1;ABSTRACT;228
32.2;1. INTRODUCTION;228
32.3;2. METHODS FOR THE EVALUATION OF CORRECTNESS OF THE REAL CAM MANUFACTURING;229
32.4;3. AUTOMATION OF THE CAM PROFILE CONTROL 3.1 THEORETICAL BASIS;229
32.5;4. TESTNG OP A NEW SYSTEM;231
32.6;5. FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM AND CONCLUSIONS;231
32.7;References;232
33;CHAPTER 27. CONTROL SYSTEM OF NC MACHINE TOOL FOR HIGH WORKING ACCURACY;234
33.1;ABSTRACT;234
33.2;INTRODUCTION;234
33.3;CONCEPTION OF THIS SYSTEM;235
33.4;INVESTIGATION OF FINISHED SURFACE CONDITION;237
33.5;MERITS AND DEMERITS OF THIS METHOD;238
33.6;TRIAL EXPERIMENT OF THIS SYSTEM;238
33.7;AN EXAMPLE OF THE MACHINING BY USING THIS CONTROL SYSTEM;240
33.8;CONCLUSION;240
33.9;REFERENCES;240
34;CHAPTER 28. ONE-TRACK m-n-p CODES AND CONJUGATE CLASS OF GROUP ELEMENTS;242
34.1;ABSTRACT;242
34.2;INTRODUCTION;242
34.3;CLASSIFICATION OF CODE WORDS;242
34.4;NAMING OF CODE WORDS BY MEANS OF GROUP;243
34.5;ORDERING OF CODE WORDS;243
34.6;CONSTRUCTION OF BASIC MATRIX USING ORDERED CODE WORDS;244
34.7;CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF SUFFICIENT TRACK CODE;244
34.8;DISCUSSION;246
34.9;REFERENCES;246
35;CHAPTER 29. EXTRA-CYCLIC PASSAGES OF GRAY CODES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS FOR NUMERICAL CONTROL DESIGN;248
35.1;ABSTRACT;248
35.2;INTRODUCTION;248
35.3;DEFINITION OF EXTRA-CYCLIC PASSAGES;248
35.4;DEFINITION OF DOMINANT GRAY CODES;248
35.5;SETS OF DOMINANT GRAY CODES;248
35.6;GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF EXTRA-CYCLIC PASSAGES IN A GRAY CODE;249
35.7;SEQUENCE OF STATES TO BE CODED FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES;249
35.8;ANTI-HAZARD CODING AIDED BY EXTRA-CYCLIC PASSAGES;250
35.9;EXAMPLES OF APPLICARIONS;250
35.10;LIMITATIONS OF THE PRESENTED PROCEDURE;250
35.11;REFERENCES ;251
36;CHAPTER 30. AN ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY AND STORAGE CAPACITY;252
36.1;ABSTRACT;252
36.2;INTRODUCTION;252
36.3;Discussion;255
36.4;Conclusion;257
36.5;Reference;257
37;CHAPTER 31. CIRCULAR-POLAR CONFIGURATIONS OF DYNAMIC MULTIPLE-CONNECTED SUB-SYSTEMS;258
37.1;ABSTRACT;258
37.2;INTRODUCTION;258
37.3;SPECIFIC SUBSYSTEMS;260
37.4;STABILITY ANALYSIS OF POLARCIRCULAR CONFIGURATION SYSTEMS;263
37.5;CONTROLLABILITY OF POLAR-CIRCULAR CONFIGURATION SYSTEMS;265
37.6;CONCLUSIONS;266
37.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;266
38;CHAPTER 32. INFORMATION CONTROL IN MANUFACTURE;270
38.1;ABSTRACT;270
38.2;INTRODUCTION;270
38.3;GRAPHICS;272
38.4;INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS;273
38.5;DESIGN INFORMATION CONCEPTS;273
38.6;EDITING COMMANDS;274
38.7;CONCLUSIONS;274
38.8;REFERENCES;274
39;CHAPTER 33. A PROPOSED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO MASTER THE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM IN AN IRON & STEEL COMPLEX;276
39.1;ABSTRACT;276
39.2;INTRODUCTION;276
39.3;MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS;276
39.4;PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM;277
39.5;DATA ABOUT THE COMPUTER;278
39.6;PROPOSED STEPS IN IMPLEMENTING SPARES PROGRAM WERE AS FOLLOWS;278
39.7;SPARES INVENTORY CONTROL INFORMATION SYSTEM;278
39.8;BASIC COMPUTER OUTPUT DOCUMENTS;278
39.9;COMPUTER INPUT DOCUMENTS;280
39.10;FINAL REMARKS;281
40;CHAPTER 34. IMPLEMENTING AN INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURING;284
40.1;ABSTRACT;284
40.2;INTRODUCTION;284
40.3;THE SYSTEM;284
40.4;HISTORY;285
40.5;SOME LESSONS;286
40.6;CONCLUSIONS;287
41;CHAPTER 35. "PASS": AN INTERACTIVE ONLINE SIMULATOR FOR PREDICTIVE PRODUCTION CONTROL;288
41.1;ABSTRACT;288
41.2;INTRODUCTION;288
41.3;FUNCTIONS;288
41.4;OPERATION MODES;289
41.5;INPUT/OUTPUT DATA;289
41.6;SIMULATION MODEL AND ALGORITHM;290
41.7;SOFTWARE STRUCTURE;291
41.8;APPLICATION;291
41.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;292
41.10;REFERENCES;292
42;CHAPTER 36. INFORMATION AND CONTROL IN COMPUTERIZED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS;296
42.1;ABSTRACT;296
42.2;INTRODUCTION;296
42.3;INFORMATION FOR DECISIONS;297
42.4;References;301
43;CHAPTER 37. THE CONTROL OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: REQUIRED INFORMATION AND ALGORITHM STRUCTURES;302
43.1;ABSTRACT;302
43.2;INTRODUCTION;302
43.3;MANUFACTURING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS;303
43.4;FMS SYSTEM OVERVIEW;303
43.5;FMS DECISIONS REQUIRED;304
43.6;CONTROL PHILOSOPHY;304
43.7;HIERARCHICAL CONTROL STRUCTURE;305
43.8;SUMMARY;306
43.9;REFERENCES;309
44;CHAPTER 38. REMOVING BARRIERS TO THE APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION IN DISCRETE PART BATCH MANUFACTURING;310
44.1;INTRODUCTION;310
44.2;AUTOMATION AND PRODUCTIVITY;310
44.3;INFORMATION CONTROL IN NC MACHINE CONTROLS;311
44.4;NBS TECHNICAL PROJECTS RELATED TO NC TOOLS;311
44.5;ROBOT SYSTEMS;312
44.6;THE NEED FOR STANDARDS;312
44.7;SUMMARY;313
45;CHAPTER 39. AUTOMATION RESERCH IN GERMANY AND ITS ROLE REGARDING NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY;314
45.1;1. Introduction;314
45.2;2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMS;314
45.3;3. PROJECT MANAGEMENT;320
45.4;4. FUTURE TRENDS;321
46;CHAPTER 40. INTRODUCTION TO SOME INFORMATION CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY;322
46.1;1. FOREWORD;322
46.2;2. INFORMATION-CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN OUR SHIPBUILDING AREA OF PRODUCTION;322
46.3;3. INFORMATION-CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN OTHER AREAS OF OUR PRODUCTION;334
46.4;4. CONCLUSION;339
47;CHAPTER 41. NEW FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS FROM THE G.D.R.;342
47.1;INTRODUCTION;342
47.2;NEW COMPUTER CONTROLLED MACHINE SYSTEMS OF THE G.D.R.;342
47.3;PRISMA 2 MACHINE SYSTEM;342
47.4;M 250/02 MANUFACTURING SYSTEM;344
47.5;ROTA F 125 NC MANUFACTURING SYSTEM;344
47.6;ROTA FZ 200 MANUFACTURING SYSTEM;345
47.7;THE ECONOMY OF MACHINE SYSTEMS;345
47.8;CERTAIN FACTORS FOR THE ECONOMY;345
47.9;SUMMARY;346
48;CHAPTER 42. MAJOR PROJECTS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DISCRETE PARTS MANUFACTURING IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY;348
48.1;Abstract;348
48.2;1. Introduction;348
48.3;2. Computerized Parts Manufacturing Systems in Development in the Federal Republic of Germany;348
48.4;3. Common aspects and information control problems concerning flexible manufacturing systems ;349
48.5;4. Short description of PEARL;350
48.6;5. Conclusion;351
48.7;References ;351
49;CHAPTER 43. SYSTEMS OF SENSITIZED ROBOTS SUPERVISORY CONTROL;356
49.1;ABSTRACT;356
49.2;INTRODUCTION;356
49.3;SUPERVISORY CONTROL;356
49.4;CONTROL ALGORITHMS;357
49.5;ALGORITHMIC ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM;358
49.6;ROBOT CONTROL LANGUAGE;359
49.7;APPLICATIONS;359
49.8;REFERENCES;360
50;CHAPTER 44. THE ROLE OF NUMERICAL CONTROL USED FOR THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN MACHINING ON MAIN INDUSTRIES IN JAPAN;362
50.1;1. INTRODUCTION;362
50.2;2. THE RATIO OF N/C MACHINES TO CONVENTIONAL MACHINES (FOR EACH KIND OF MACHINE);362
50.3;3. THE EXAMPLES OF THE REDUCTION OF MACHINING;363
50.4;4. THE MERIT OF THE N/C LATHE;363
50.5;5. LOT SIZE;365
50.6;6. AN EXAMPLE OF DEPRECIATION FOR THE N/C LATHE;365
50.7;7. TOOL COST FOR THE N/C MACHINE TOOLS VS. JIG AND TOOL COST FOR THE CONVENTIONAL MACHINE TOOL;366
50.8;8. THE ECONOMICAL VALUE OF THE LATHE;367
50.9;9. ACTUAL VARIATION OF ECONOMICAL VALUATION OF N/C MACHINE INSTALLATION;370
50.10;10. PROGRAMMING COST;370
50.11;11. ANALYSIS OF IDLE TIME BECAUSE OF SHORTENING OF OPERATING TIME;370
50.12;12. THE INTRODUCTORY REASON AND THE VALUE AFTER INTRODUCTION OF AN N/C MACHINE;371
50.13;CONCLUSION;371
50.14;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;372
50.15;REFERENCES;372
51;CHAPTER 45. INFORMATION STRUCTURE, DYNAMIC TEAM DECISION, AND AN ECONOMIC APPLICATION;374
51.1;ABSTRACT;374
51.2;1. INTRODUCTION;374
51.3;2. THE MODEL AND PROBLEM STATEMENT;375
51.4;3. PBPS TEAM DECISION RULES;375
51.5;4. THE FIRM DECISION MODEL AND THE CONTROL SIMULATION METHOD;376
51.6;5. MULTI-ITEM PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL SIMULATION APPROACH TO TEAM DECISION;379
51.7;6. CONCLUDING REMARKS;380
51.8;REFERENCES;382
52;CHAPTER 46. ASSEMBLY LINE CONTROL MODELS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY;384
52.1;1. INTRODUCTION;384
52.2;2. BASIC CONCEPTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRODUCTION CONTROL AND INFORMATION SYSTEM;384
52.3;3. INFORMATION SYSTEM HARDWARE EQUIPMENT;386
52.4;4. GENERAL FORMULATION OF MULTIPRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE CONTROL PROBLEM;386
52.5;5. PRACTICAL TESTS OF ALGORITHM;389
53;TECHNICAL PAPER DISCUSSIONS;390
54;ERRATA;404
55;AUTHOR INDEX;406