Oñate / Kroplin / Kröplin Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures II

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4020-6856-0
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 8, 272 Seiten

Reihe: Computational Methods in Applied Sciences

The book contains 14 invited contributions written by distinguished authors who participated in the Second International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflated Structures held in Stuttgart, 2-4 October 2005. The book includes state-of-the-art contributions written by international experts in the field of design, analysis and construction of textile composites and inflatable structures. The different chapters discuss recent progress and future research directions the field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kroplin, Bernard

O??ate, Eugenio

Kröplin, Bernard

Oñate, Eugenio

Kröplin, Bernd

Kröplin, B.-H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;3
2;Coprright Page;4
3;Table of Contents;5
4;Preface;7
5;Innovative Developments in Fiber Based Materials for Construction;8
5.1;1 Process and Development Tools;8
5.1.1;1.1 Plasma Treatment in Atmospheric Pressure;8
5.1.2;1.2 Selfcleaning Surfaces;10
5.1.3;1.3 Artificial Ageing;11
5.1.4;1.4 Finite Element Calculations of Fibers and Textiles;12
5.2;2 Innovative Materials for Barrier Functions;13
5.2.1;2.1 Heat Insulation by 3D Nonwovens;13
5.2.2;2.2 Shielding Against ElectromagneticWaves;13
5.2.3;2.3 High Temperature Products: Thermal Spraying;15
5.3;3 Materials for Smart functions, Renewable Energies and Lightweight Products;16
5.3.1;3.1 Smart Materials;16
5.3.2;3.2 Renewable Energies;16
5.3.3;3.3 Lightweight Products;18
5.4;Acknowledgements;20
5.5;References;21
6;Finite Element Simulation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Textile Composites at the Mesoscopic Scale of Individual Fibers;22
6.1;1 Introduction;22
6.2;2 General Presentation of the Approach;24
6.2.1;2.1 Modeling of Individual Components;24
6.2.1.1;2.1.1 Representation of Fibers;24
6.2.1.2;2.1.2 Representation of the Matrix;24
6.2.2;2.2 Meshing of Components;24
6.2.2.1;2.2.1 Fibers;24
6.2.2.2;2.2.2 Matrix;25
6.2.3;2.3 Modeling of Interactions between Components;25
6.2.3.1;2.3.1 Contact-friction Interactions between Fibers;25
6.2.3.2;2.3.2 Interactions between Fibers and Matrix;25
6.2.4;2.4 Modeling of the Initial Woven Configuration;25
6.2.5;2.5 Modeling of Loading Tests;26
6.2.6;2.6 Use of an Implicit Solver;26
6.3;3 Modeling of Contact-friction Interactions;26
6.3.1;3.1 Setting of the Problem;26
6.3.1.1;3.1.1 Introduction;26
6.3.1.2;3.1.2 Description of the Structure;27
6.3.2;3.2 Geometrical Detection of Contact;28
6.3.2.1;3.2.1 Limits of Classic Approaches;28
6.3.2.2;3.2.2 Introduction of Intermediate Geometries;28
6.3.2.3;3.2.3 Process of Determination of Contact Elements;29
6.3.2.4;3.2.4 Nonlinear Character of the Process of Determination of Contact Elements;31
6.3.3;3.3 Mechanical Models for Contact and Friction;31
6.3.3.1;3.3.1 Expression of Linearized Kinematical Contact Conditions;31
6.3.3.2;3.3.2 Regularized Penalty for Contact Reactions;31
6.3.3.3;3.3.3 Regularized Friction Law;32
6.3.4;3.4 Algorithmic Issues;32
6.3.4.1;3.4.1 Iterations on Nonlinearities;32
6.3.4.2;3.4.2 Adjustment of the Penalty Coefficient for Contact;33
6.4;4 Coupling Elements between Matrix and Fibers;33
6.5;5 Numerical Results;34
6.5.1;5.1 Presentation of Tests;34
6.5.2;5.2 Computation of Initial Configurations;35
6.5.3;5.3 Biaxial Tensile Tests;36
6.5.4;5.4 Shear Tests;38
6.5.5;5.5 Bending Tests;38
6.5.6;5.6 CPU Costs;40
6.6;6 Conclusion;40
6.7;References;40
7;A Predictive Fabric Model for Membrane Structure Design;42
7.1;1 Introduction;42
7.2;2 Aims;43
7.3;3 Biaxial Testing;44
7.4;4 Predictive Model;47
7.4.1;4.1 SawtoothModel Formulation;47
7.4.2;4.2 Sinusoid Model Formulation;48
7.4.3;4.3 Model Input Data;50
7.4.4;4.4 Results and Discussion;51
7.5;5 Conclusions & Applications;56
7.6;References;56
8;Modelling Fabric-Reinforced Membranes with the Discrete Element Method;58
8.1;1 Introduction;58
8.2;2 Modelling Approach;60
8.2.1;2.1 Geometrical Fabric Representation;60
8.2.2;2.2 Fabric Interactions;62
8.2.2.1;2.2.1 Longitudinal Yarn Stiffness;62
8.2.2.2;2.2.2 Transverse Compressive Stiffness;63
8.2.2.3;2.2.3 Shear Resistance;64
8.2.3;2.3 Matrix Interactions;65
8.2.3.1;2.3.1 Stretching;65
8.2.3.2;2.3.2 Shear Resistance;65
8.3;3 Numerical Results;66
8.3.1;3.1 Biaxial Tension Verification;66
8.3.2;3.2 Bias Extension Verification;68
8.3.3;3.3 Influence of Matrix Stiffness;70
8.4;4 Conclusion;73
8.5;References;73
9;Introducing Cutting Patterns in Form Finding and Structural Analysis;75
9.1;1 Motivation;75
9.2;2 Form Finding via Cutting Patterns;76
9.2.1;2.1 Cutting Pattern Generation;77
9.2.2;2.2 Form Finding;79
9.2.3;2.3 Numerical Realization;80
9.2.4;2.4 Examples;81
9.2.4.1;2.4.1 Chinese Hat;81
9.2.4.2;2.4.2 Four-Point Tent;82
9.3;3 Static Analysis in Consideration of Cutting Patterns;84
9.3.1;3.1 Example;86
9.4;4 Conclusions;89
9.5;References;89
10;Kinematics in Tensioned Structures;91
10.1;1 Introduction;91
10.2;2 Layers of Kinematics;92
10.2.1;2.1 Movement in Materials;92
10.2.2;2.2 Movement in Fabric;94
10.2.3;2.3 Movement in Structures;97
10.2.3.1;2.3.1 Assembling of Membranes;98
10.2.3.2;2.3.2 Movement under External Load;99
10.2.3.3;2.3.3 Movement of Structures;102
10.3;3 Conclusions;103
10.4;References;103
11;Pneumatic Formwork for Irregular Curved Thin Shells;104
11.1;1 Introduction;104
11.2;2 Pneumatic Formwork;104
11.3;3 Techniques, Materials and Possible Improvements;106
11.4;4 Guidelines for Shape Design of Irregular Curved Shells and Pneumatic Structures;107
11.5;5 Deformation of Pneumatic Structures Supporting Curing Concrete;108
11.6;6 Case Study: Alternative 4 Grand Piano Pavilion;110
11.7;7 Parameter Studies on the Way to the Right Shape;112
11.7.1;7.1 Pressure in One Air Chamber;112
11.7.2;7.2 Initial Hardening of Lower Edge;114
11.7.3;7.3 Spherical Air Chambers to Support Corners;115
11.7.4;7.4 Varies Parameter Studies to Lower Central Ellipsoid Area;117
11.7.5;7.5 Conclusions Parameter Studies;119
11.7.6;7.6 Final Design of Pneumatic Formwork;120
11.8;8 Conclusions;120
11.8.1;8.1 General Conclusion;120
11.8.2;8.2 Conclusions about Pneumatic Formwork;120
11.9;References;121
12;Static Analysis of Taut Structures;122
12.1;1 Introduction;122
12.1.1;1.1 Geometrically Non-linear Equilibrium;123
12.1.2;1.2 Matrix Notation, Newton’sMethod, Tangent Stiffness;124
12.2;2 Geometrically Exact Truss Element;126
12.2.1;2.1 A Variable Length Element;128
12.2.2;2.2 A Force Density Element;128
12.2.3;2.3 A Sliding-cable Element;129
12.3;3 Argyris’ Natural Membrane Finite Element;132
12.4;4 Geometric Stiffness Matrix for Argyris’ Element;135
12.5;5 Constitutive Stiffness Matrix for Argyris’ Element;136
12.5.1;5.1 A Linear Elastic Simplification;136
12.6;6 External Stiffness Matrix and Load Vector;137
12.6.1;6.1 Henky’s Problem;139
12.6.2;6.2 The “Memorial dos Povos”Membrane Roof;139
12.7;Acknowledgments;142
12.8;References;143
13;Analysis of Free Form Membranes Subject to Wind Using FSI;145
13.1;1 Introduction;145
13.2;2 Approach;146
13.2.1;2.1 Structural Part;147
13.2.1.1;2.1.1 Nonlinear Transient Analysis;147
13.2.1.2;2.1.2 Form Finding Computations;151
13.2.2;2.2 Fluid Part;152
13.2.3;2.3 Realization of the Fluid-Structure Coupling;153
13.3;3 Numerical Results;155
13.3.1;3.1 Hanging Roof;155
13.3.2;3.2 Four-Point Tent Structure;159
13.4;4 Conclusion;164
13.5;References;164
14;Membrane Structures Formed by Low Pressure Inflatable Tubes. New Analysis Methods and Recent Constructions;166
14.1;1 Introduction;166
14.2;2 Formulation of the Rotation Free Shell Triangle;168
14.2.1;2.1 Shell Kinematics;168
14.2.2;2.2 Constitutive Models;170
14.3;3 Enhanced Basic Shell Triangle;171
14.3.1;3.1 Definition of the Element Geometry and Computation of Membrane Strains;172
14.3.2;3.2 Computation of Curvatures;174
14.3.3;3.3 The EBST1 Element;176
14.3.4;3.4 Boundary Conditions;177
14.3.5;3.5 Explicit Solution Scheme;178
14.4;4 Aeroelastic Analysis;179
14.5;5 Examples;181
14.5.1;5.1 Inflation of a Sphere;181
14.5.2;5.2 Inflation of a Square Airbag against a Spherical Object;182
14.5.3;5.3 Inflation/Deflation of a Closed Tube;183
14.5.4;5.4 Inflation of a Tubular Arch;184
14.5.5;5.5 Impact of Rigid Spheres on an Inflated Pavilion;185
14.5.6;5.6 Deployment of a Spinnaker Sail;185
14.5.7;5.7 Examples of Practical Constructions of Membrane Structures with Low Pressure Inflatable Tubes;187
14.6;6 Concluding Remarks;189
14.7;Acknowledgments;197
14.8;References;197
15;Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Inflatable Prefolded Membrane Structures under Hydrostatic Loading;200
15.1;1 Introduction;200
15.2;2 Governing Equations;201
15.2.1;2.1 VirtualWork Expression;201
15.2.2;2.2 Boundary Integral Representation of the Geometry;202
15.2.2.1;2.2.1 Incompressible Fluid with Free Fluid Surface and Additional Gas Loading;203
15.3;3 Linearization;204
15.3.1;3.1 Incremental Pressure Changes;204
15.3.2;3.2 Normal Change Parts;205
15.3.3;3.3 Proof of Conservativeness;205
15.3.4;3.4 Finite Element Mapping;206
15.3.5;3.5 Multichamber Problems;207
15.4;4 Solution;207
15.5;5 Numerical Examples;207
15.5.1;5.1 Clamping along a Single Edge;210
15.5.2;5.2 Clamping along a Single Edge and Additional Interior Heavy Fluid Filling;210
15.5.3;5.3 Clamping along Two Edges;211
15.6;6 Conclusions;212
15.7;References;212
16;Advanced Capabilities for the Simulation of Membrane and Inflatable Space Structures Using SAMCEF;214
16.1;1 Introduction;214
16.2;2 Shell without Rotational Degrees of Freedom;215
16.2.1;2.1 Flexural Behavior;215
16.2.2;2.2 Membrane Behavior;216
16.2.3;2.3 Numerical Example;216
16.3;3 Resolution Methods;217
16.3.1;3.1 An Optimization Approach for the Inflation Process Simulation;218
16.3.1.1;3.1.1 Comparison between the Newton–Raphson and the Optimization Schemes;218
16.3.1.2;3.1.2 Considered Optimization Problems;219
16.3.1.3;3.1.3 Optimization Strategy for Inflated Structures [10, 11];219
16.3.1.4;3.1.4 The Constrained Optimization Method;220
16.3.1.5;3.1.5 The Unconstrained Optimization Problem;221
16.3.1.6;3.1.6 Features of the Developed Optimization Method and Recommendations;221
16.3.1.7;3.1.7 Numerical Example;222
16.3.2;3.2 Modified Newton–Raphson Scheme;223
16.3.2.1;3.2.1 Principle;223
16.3.2.2;3.2.2 Numerical Example;223
16.3.3;3.3 Buckling Pattern;224
16.3.3.1;3.3.1 Principle;224
16.3.3.2;3.3.2 Numerical Example;225
16.4;4 Equivalent Material;225
16.4.1;4.1 Theoretical Aspect;226
16.4.2;4.2 Numerical Example;227
16.5;5 VolumeMeasure;228
16.6;6 Gas Production;229
16.6.1;6.1 Principle;229
16.6.2;6.2 Numerical Example;230
16.7;7 Activation of Boundary Condition;230
16.8;8 Reference to a Free Mesh;231
16.9;9 Eigenvalue Computation;231
16.10;10 Conclusion;233
16.11;Acknowledgment;233
16.12;References;233
17;Structural Air – Pneumatic Structures;235
17.1;1 Introduction;235
17.2;2 Air Supported Hall;235
17.3;3 Cushion Structure;236
17.4;4 AirBeams;236
17.5;5 Forms of Pneumatical Structures;237
17.6;6 Nouvelle DestiNation;237
17.6.1;6.1 Description;237
17.6.2;6.2 Breathing;238
17.6.3;6.3 Horizontal Arches with Struts and Telescopic Struts;239
17.6.4;6.4 Details;239
17.7;7 GEK Balance;242
17.7.1;7.1 Description;242
17.7.2;7.2 Ballast;242
17.7.3;7.3 Form Finding;243
17.7.4;7.4 Entrance and Exit Air Locks;244
17.7.5;7.5 Supporting Air and Security Concept;244
17.7.6;7.6 Single Rooms;245
17.7.6.1;7.6.1 Skin Room;245
17.7.7;7.7 Heart Room and Bypass;245
17.7.8;7.8 Metabolism and Balance Room;245
17.7.9;7.9 Pattern;245
17.7.10;7.10 Installation;246
17.8;8 Tropical Island;247
17.8.1;8.1 Description;247
17.8.2;8.2 Existing Membrane Roof;248
17.8.3;8.3 Specific Proposal;249
17.8.4;8.4 Loadbearing Behaviour;249
17.8.5;8.5 Details;251
17.8.6;8.6 Realisation;252
17.9;9 Conclusions;253
17.10;References;254
18;Recent Developments in the Computational Modelling of Textile Membranes and Inflatable Structures;255
18.1;1 Introduction;255
18.2;2 Computer Models;255
18.3;3 Inflatables;257
18.4;4 Evaluation Methods;259
18.4.1;4.1 Flexibility Ellipsoids;259
18.4.2;4.2 Redundancy;260
18.5;5 Force Finding;262
18.6;6 Cutting Pattern;264
18.7;7 Conclusion;267
18.8;References;267
19;Author Index;269
20;Subject Index;270