Nowakowska Cognitive Sciences

Basic Problems, New Perspectives, and Implications for Artificial Intelligence
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-1900-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 392 Seiten, Web PDF

Cognitive Sciences: Basic Problems, New Perspectives, and Implications for Artificial Intelligence presents models and theories that describe and analyze some selected topics in the cognitive sciences and their implications for artificial intelligence (AI). These topics range from problems of observability and its restrictions or distortions of the subjective perception of time, to visual perception, memory, and communication. Extensive use is made of fuzzy set theory. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the distortion of time perception and the relationship between objective and subjective time. An explanatory concept used here is that of a pre-event (being a candidate for an event to be stored in memory) and the concept of a dynamic event-representation of an object (events on events) generated by the perceiver in the process of perceptual work. The discussion then turns to the notion of an event that underlies the theory of time; the semantics of multimedial languages of verbal and non-verbal communication; and problems of the mechanisms underlying the formation of judgments, as well as the problems of expression of these judgments in forms ranging from simple answers to binary questions and the generation of texts or discourses. The book also considers memory and perception before concluding with a description of stochastic models of expertise formation, opinion change, and learning. This monograph will appeal to specialists in the fields of cognitive sciences and AI.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nowakowska, Maria

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cognitive Sciences: Basic Problems, New Perspectives, and Implications for Artificial Intelligence;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;PREFACE;12
7;INTRODUCTION;14
8;CHAPTER 1. A NEW THEORY OF TIME;25
8.1;1.1 INTRODUCTION;25
8.2;1.2 THE OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE TIME SCALES;28
8.3;1.3 PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS OF FORMATION
OF JUDGMENTS w(a,b);37
8.4;1.4 MECHANISMS OF COMPARISON OF TIME INTERVALS;50
8.5;1.5 SOME PROBLEMS OF EXISTENCE OF EVENTS:
AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH;56
8.6;1.6 TIME AND FREQUENCY OF EVENTS;59
8.7;1.7 FUZZIFICATION OF TIME AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES;61
8.8;1.8 COMMENTS;62
8.9;1.9 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION;63
8.10;APPENDIX;68
9;CHAPTER 2. EVENTS AND OBSERVABILITY;73
9.1;2.1 INTRODUCTION;73
9.2;2.2 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FUZZINESS OF OBJECTS;75
9.3;2.3 PREDICATES;83
9.4;2.4 PREDICATES AND EVENTS;87
9.5;2.5 THEORY OF EVENTS;89
9.6;2.6 EVENTS IN PROBABILITY THEORY AND CAUSAL RELATIONS;92
9.7;2.7 FUZZY MARKOV CHAINS;93
9.8;2.8 OBSERVABILITY CONSTRAINTS;95
9.9;2.9 FILTERS AND MASKS;106
9.10;APPENDIX;112
10;CHAPTER 3. MULTIMEDIAL UNITS AND LANGUAGES: VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION;115
10.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;115
10.2;3.2 THE BASIC CONCEPTUAL SCHEME;117
10.3;3.3 SEMANTICS;122
10.4;3.4 PRAGMATIC SEMANTICS;127
10.5;3.5 DEFINITION OF A UNIT IN THE GENERAL CASE;130
10.6;3.6 LANGUAGES OF PARTICULAR MEDIA;133
10.7;3.7 FUZZY UNIT AND PERCEPTION;135
10.8;3.8 A FORMAL APPROACH TO DIALOGUES;151
11;CHAPTER 4. JUDGMENT FORMATION AND PROBLEMS OF DESCRIPTION;157
11.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;157
11.2;4.2 MODELS OF ANSWERING QUESTIONS;162
11.3;4.3 VERBAL COPIES AND CLASSIFICATION THEORY;178
11.4;4.4 COMPLEX DESCRIPTIONS: A THEORY OF TEXTS;204
11.5;4.5 GENERATION OF A TEXT;216
11.6;4.6 TEXTS AND A THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE;221
11.7;4.7 AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO DISCOURSES AND THEIR GOALS;228
11.8;APPENDIX;236
12;CHAPTER 5. MEMORY AND PERCEPTION:
SOME NEW MODELS;239
12.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;239
12.2;5.2 MEMORY WITH EVENT-TIME HORIZON;245
12.3;5.3 A MODEL OF MEMORY OF SENTENCES: APPLICATION
OF THE MODEL OF VARIABLE STORAGE HORIZON;271
12.4;5.4 MODELS OF PERCEPTION PROCESSES;291
12.5;5.5 HEURISTIC MODEL OF MEMORY;327
12.6;5.6 EYE CONTROL ALLOCATION FOR HAND MOVEMENTS IN MULTITASK SITUATIONS WITH SOME POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS TO THE FOUNDATIONS OF ROBOTICS;332
12.7;APPENDIX;336
13;CHAPTER 6. STOCHASTIC MODELS OF EXPERTISE FORMATION, OPINION CHANGE,
AND LEARNING;337
13.1;6.1 INTRODUCTION;337
13.2;6.2 A MODEL OF EXPERTISE FORMATION;338
13.3;6.3 TIME ALLOCATION TO TOPICS IN A COURSE OF STUDY;350
13.4;6.4 INFORMATIONAL SYNERGY;360
13.5;6.5 COMMENTS;364
14;APPENDIX;368
14.1;A.1 RELATIONS;368
14.2;A.2 FUZZY SETS;373
14.3;A.3 PROBABILITY;377
15;REFERENCES;382
16;INDEX;388