Nosonovsky / Bhushan Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces

Friction, Superhydrophobicity, and Biomimetics
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-78425-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 278 Seiten

Reihe: NanoScience and Technology

Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces covers the rapidly developing topics of hierarchical surfaces, roughness-induced superhydrophobicity and biomimetic surfaces. The research in these topics has been progressing rapidly in the recent years due to the advances in the nanosciences and surfaces science and due to potential applications in nanotechnology. The first in its field, this monograph provides a comprehensive review of these subjects and presents the background introduction as well as recent and new results in the area.

Michael Nosnovsky is a Research Fellow at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA). His reaearch interests include nanomechanics, multi-scale modeling in surface scienes and tribology, biomimetics. He got his Ph.D. degree in Applied Mechanics from Northeastern University (Boston, USA) and worked as a Visiting Scholar at the Ohio State University. Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, a Graduate Research Faculty Advisor in the Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and the Director of the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage & MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He holds two M.S., a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering/mechanics, an MBA, and three semi-honorary and honorary doctorates. His research interests are in nanotribology and nanomechanics and their applications to magnetic storage devices and MEMS/NEMS (Nanotechnology). He has authored 5 technical books, more than 70 handbook chapters, more than 600 technical papers in referred journals, and more than 60 technical reports, edited more than 40 books, and holds 16 U.S. and foreign patents. He is co-editor of Springer NanoScience and Technology Series and Microsystem Technologies - Micro- & Nanosystems and Information Storage & Processing Systems (formerly called Journal of Information Storage and Processing Systems). He has organized various international conferences and workshops. He is the recipient of numerous prestigious awards and international fellowships. He is a member of various professional societies, including the International Academy of Engineering (Russia).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nosonovsky, Michael

Bhushan, Bharat

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Nomenclature;14
4;Glossary;16
5;Abbreviations;18
6;Part I Surface Roughness and Hierarchical Friction Mechanisms;21
6.1;1 Introduction;22
6.1.1;1.1 Surfaces and Surface Free Energy;22
6.1.2;1.2 Mesoscale;24
6.1.3;1.3 Hierarchy;26
6.1.4;1.4 Dissipation;26
6.1.5;1.5 Tribology;28
6.1.6;1.6 Biomimetics: From Engineering to Biology and Back;30
6.2;2 Rough Surface Topography;32
6.2.1;2.1 Rough Surface Characterization;32
6.2.2;2.2 Statistical Analysis of Random Surface Roughness;36
6.2.3;2.3 Fractal Surface Roughness;39
6.2.4;2.4 Contact of Rough Solid Surfaces;42
6.2.5;2.5 Surface Modi.cation;44
6.2.6;2.6 Summary;45
6.3;3 Mechanisms of Dry Friction, Their Scaling and Linear Properties;46
6.3.1;3.1 Approaches to the Multiscale Nature of Friction;47
6.3.2;3.2 Mechanisms of Dry Friction;50
6.3.3;3.3 Friction as a Linear Phenomenon;59
6.3.4;3.4 Summary;64
6.4;4 Friction as a Nonlinear Hierarchical Phenomenon;66
6.4.1;4.1 Nonlinear Effects in Dry Friction;66
6.4.2;4.2 Nonlinearity and Hierarchy;72
6.4.3;4.3 Heterogeneity, Hierarchy and Energy Dissipation;74
6.4.4;4.4 Mapping of Friction at Various Hierarchy Levels;80
6.4.5;4.5 Summary;81
7;Part II Solid–Liquid Friction and Superhydrophobicity;83
7.1;5 Solid–Liquid Interaction and Capillary Effects;84
7.1.1;5.1 Three Phase States of Matter;84
7.1.2;5.2 Phase Equilibrium and Stability;86
7.1.3;5.3 Water Phase Diagram at the Nanoscale;88
7.1.4;5.4 Surface Free Energy and the Laplace Equation;91
7.1.5;5.5 Contact Angle and the Young Equation;92
7.1.6;5.6 Kelvin’s Equation;95
7.1.7;5.7 Capillary Effects and Stability Issues;96
7.1.8;5.8 Summary;98
7.2;6 Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity;100
7.2.1;6.1 The Phenomenon of Superhydrophobicity;100
7.2.2;6.2 Contact Angle Analysis;104
7.2.3;6.3 Heterogeneous Surfaces and Wenzel and Cassie Equations;105
7.2.4;6.4 Calculation of the Contact Angle for Selected Surfaces;115
7.2.5;6.5 Contact Angle Hysteresis;126
7.2.6;6.6 Summary;131
7.3;7 Stability of the Composite Interface, Roughness Optimization and Meniscus Force;134
7.3.1;7.1 Destabilization of the Composite Interface;134
7.3.2;7.2 Contact Angle with Three-Dimensional Solid Harmonic Surface;145
7.3.3;7.3 Capillary Adhesion Force Due to the Meniscus;153
7.3.4;7.4 Roughness Optimization;156
7.3.5;7.5 Effect of the Hierarchical Roughness;160
7.3.6;7.6 Summary;170
7.4;8 Cassie–Wenzel Wetting Regime Transition;172
7.4.1;8.1 The Cassie–Wenzel Transition and the Contact Angle Hysteresis;172
7.4.2;8.2 Experimental Study of the Cassie–Wenzel Transition;176
7.4.3;8.3 Wetting as a Multiscale Phenomenon;182
7.4.4;8.4 Investigation ofWetting as a Phase Transition;184
7.4.5;8.5 Reversible Superhydrophobicity;185
7.4.6;8.6 Summary;185
7.5;9 Underwater Superhydrophobicity and Dynamic Effects;188
7.5.1;9.1 Superhydrophobicity for the Liquid Flow;188
7.5.2;9.2 Nanobubbles and Hydrophobic Interaction;190
7.5.3;9.3 Bouncing Droplets;191
7.5.4;9.4 A Droplet on a Hot Surface: the Leidenfrost Effect;194
7.5.5;9.5 A Droplet on an Inclined Surface;195
7.5.6;9.6 Summary;196
8;Part III Biological and Biomimetic Surfaces;199
8.1;10 Lotus-Effect and Water-Repellent Surfaces in Nature;200
8.1.1;10.1 Water-Repellent Plants;200
8.1.2;10.2 Characterization of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Leaf Surfaces;203
8.1.3;10.3 Other Biological Superhydrophobic Surfaces;216
8.1.4;10.4 Summary;216
8.2;11 Artificial (Biomimetic) Superhydrophobic Surfaces;218
8.2.1;11.1 How to Make a Superhydrophobic Surface;220
8.2.2;11.2 Experimental Techniques;225
8.2.3;11.3 Wetting of Micro- and Nanopatterned Surfaces;227
8.2.4;11.4 Self-cleaning;246
8.2.5;11.5 Commercially Available Lotus-Effect Products;247
8.2.6;11.6 Summary;248
8.3;12 Gecko-Effect and Smart Adhesion;250
8.3.1;12.1 Gecko;250
8.3.2;12.2 Hierarchical Structure of the Attachment Pads;252
8.3.3;12.3 Model of Hierarchical Attachment Pads;255
8.3.4;12.4 Biomimetic Fibrillar Structures;256
8.3.5;12.5 Self-cleaning;258
8.3.6;12.6 Biomimetic Tape Made of Arti.cial Gecko Skin;259
8.3.7;12.7 Summary;260
8.4;13 Other Biomimetic Surfaces;262
8.4.1;13.1 Hierarchical Organization in Biomaterials;262
8.4.2;13.2 Moth-Eye-Effect;263
8.4.3;13.3 Shark Skin;265
8.4.4;13.4 Darkling Beetle;265
8.4.5;13.5 Water Strider;266
8.4.6;13.6 Spider Web;266
8.4.7;13.7 Other Biomimetic Examples;267
8.4.8;13.8 Summary;268
8.5;14 Outlook;270
9;References;274
10;Index;290