Nirschl / Keller Upscaling of Bio-Nano-Processes

Selective Bioseparation by Magnetic Particles
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-662-43899-2
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 250 Seiten

Reihe: Lecture Notes in Bioengineering

Despite ongoing progress in nano- and biomaterial sciences, large scale bioprocessing of nanoparticles remains a great challenge, especially because of the difficulties in removing unwanted elements during processing in food, pharmaceutical and feed industry at production level. This book presents magnetic nanoparticles and a novel technology for the upscaling of protein separation. The results come from the EU Project 'MagPro2Life', which was conducted in cooperation of several european institutions and companies.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hermann Nirschl is head of chair of process machinery at the institute of mechanical process engineering and mechanics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, focusing on process machinery in solid liquid separation, blending, milling, nanoscaled particle structures and numerical simulation.Dr. Karsten Keller is an Engineering Fellow of the Discovery Research group at Solae LLC (JV of DuPont) and has over 20 years of process engineering experience. He is developing novel processes for protein and new product opportunities from the lab-scale to commercial production and is the author of over 70 publications on subjects of separation, modeling, particle technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology. He is the inventor of 8 patents worldwide.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nirschl, Hermann

Keller, Karsten

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgments;7
3;Contents;8
4;About the Editors;10
5;Contributors;11
6;Abbreviations;13
7;Keywords;15
8;1 Introduction;16
8.1;1.1 State-of-the-Art;17
8.2;1.2 New Developments;20
8.3;1.3 Overview;22
8.3.1;1.3.1 Particle Fabrication and Functionalisation;23
8.3.2;1.3.2 Isolation and Purification;24
8.3.3;1.3.3 Pilot Lines;24
8.3.3.1;1.3.3.1 Protein Production Stream;25
8.3.3.2;1.3.3.2 Fermentation Intensification;25
8.3.3.3;1.3.3.3 Economic, Market, Safety, Health and Life Cycle Analysis;25
8.4;1.4 Summary;26
8.5;References;27
9;Part I Particle Synthesis and Functionalization;28
10;2 New Advances in the Production of Iron-Based Nanostructures Manufactured by Laser Pyrolysis;29
10.1;Abstract;29
10.2;2.1 Introduction;29
10.3;2.2 The Laser Pyrolysis;30
10.3.1;2.2.1 Process Description;30
10.3.2;2.2.2 Advantages and Drawbacks;31
10.3.3;2.2.3 Characterization Techniques of the as-Synthesized Iron-Based Nanostructures;32
10.4;2.3 Nanostructured Iron Oxides;33
10.4.1;2.3.1 State of the Art;33
10.4.2;2.3.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Pyrolysis Procedures;33
10.4.2.1;2.3.2.1 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Standard Laser Pyrolysis Procedure (SF–Type Samples);33
10.4.2.2;2.3.2.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Pyrolysis in a “Soft” Oxidation Procedure (F–Type Samples);34
10.4.3;2.3.3 XRD Analysis of Nanoparticles;35
10.4.3.1;2.3.3.1 XRD Analysis of SF Nanoparticles;35
10.4.3.2;2.3.3.2 XRD Analysis of F-Type Nanoparticle;36
10.4.4;2.3.4 TEM Analysis;37
10.4.5;2.3.5 Magnetic Properties of the Iron Nano-Oxide Particles Produced by Laser Pyrolysis;39
10.5;2.4 Core-Shell Iron-Carbon Nanocomposites;40
10.5.1;2.4.1 State of the Art;40
10.5.2;2.4.2 XRD Analysis;43
10.5.3;2.4.3 TEM Analysis;44
10.5.4;2.4.4 Magnetic Analysis;46
10.6;2.5 Conclusion;49
10.7;References;50
11;3 Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis by Chemical Coprecipitation and Physico-Chemical Characterization;52
11.1;Abstract;52
11.2;3.1 Introduction;52
11.3;3.2 Magnetite Nanoparticles with Hydrophobic Surface Coating: Magnetic Nanofluids with Nonpolar Organic Carrier;54
11.4;3.3 Magnetite Nanoparticles with Hydrophilic Coating: Water-Based Magnetic Nanofluids;55
11.5;3.4 Magnetic Properties;55
11.6;3.5 Particle Size Distributions (Physical, Magnetic and Hydrodynamic Size);59
11.7;3.6 Single Particles Versus Clusters: Colloidal Stability;62
11.8;3.7 Conclusions;66
11.9;References;67
12;4 Magnetic Microgels: Synthesis and Characterization;69
12.1;Abstract;69
12.2;4.1 Introduction;69
12.3;4.2 Preparation Methods of Magnetic Microgels;70
12.3.1;4.2.1 Preparation of Magnetic Microgels Using Hydrophilic Magnetite Nanoparticles;71
12.3.1.1;4.2.1.1 Preparation of Magnetic Microgels by the Single-Step Copolymerization Method;71
12.3.1.2;4.2.1.2 Preparation of Magnetic Microgels by Two Steps, Layer by Layer Polymerization Method;72
12.3.2;4.2.2 Preparation of Magnetic Microgels Using Hydrophobic Magnetite Nanoparticles;72
12.3.2.1;4.2.2.1 Preparation of Clusters of Magnetic Nanoparticles by the Miniemulsion Method;73
12.3.2.2;4.2.2.2 Encapsulating the Nanoparticle Clusters into Polymers with Cation Exchange or Anion Exchange Functionality;74
12.3.2.2.1;Polymerization of Acrylic Acid on the Surface of NPCs Coated with SDS;74
12.3.2.2.2;Layer by Layer Polymerization of NIPA and AAc;74
12.4;4.3 Physical-Chemical Characterization of Magnetic Microgels;75
12.4.1;4.3.1 Morphological Characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy;75
12.4.2;4.3.2 Characterization by Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta Potential Measurements;77
12.4.3;4.3.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;79
12.4.4;4.3.4 Magnetic Properties;83
12.5;4.4 Conclusions;85
12.6;References;86
13;5 Vesicles and Composite Particles by Rotating Membrane Pore Extrusion;89
13.1;Abstract;89
13.2;5.1 Introduction;89
13.3;5.2 Dynamic Membrane Emulsification;90
13.3.1;5.2.1 Membrane Emulsification Technology;90
13.3.2;5.2.2 MagPro2Life ROMER Setups;91
13.3.3;5.2.3 Droplet Formation and Detachment;94
13.3.4;5.2.4 Micro-Engineered Membranes;95
13.4;5.3 Production of Emulsion-Based Functional Particles Using the ROMER II Device;97
13.4.1;5.3.1 Production of Model WO Emulsions;97
13.4.2;5.3.2 Magnetic Composite Particles;99
13.4.3;5.3.3 Surface-Functionalized Particles;101
13.5;5.4 Shear-Enhanced Pore Extrusion of Vesicles in the NAMPEX Device;102
13.5.1;5.4.1 Functional Vesicles;102
13.5.2;5.4.2 MagPro2Life NAMPEX Setup;103
13.5.3;5.4.3 Vesicle Extrusion;105
13.6;5.5 Conclusion;106
13.7;References;106
14;6 Synthesis of Functionalized Magnetic Beads Using Spray Drying;109
14.1;Abstract;109
14.2;6.1 Introduction;109
14.3;6.2 Synthesis of Components;111
14.3.1;6.2.1 Nanoscaled Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles;111
14.3.1.1;6.2.1.1 Synthesis in Batch Process;112
14.3.1.2;6.2.1.2 Pilot Scale Synthesis;112
14.3.1.3;6.2.1.3 Nanoparticles Stabilization: Phase Transfer;115
14.3.2;6.2.2 Ion Exchanger;116
14.3.2.1;6.2.2.1 Cation Exchange Resin;116
14.3.2.2;6.2.2.2 Anion Exchange Resins;119
14.3.2.3;6.2.2.3 Matrix Polymer;119
14.4;6.3 Spray Drying of SolPro Particles;120
14.4.1;6.3.1 CEX-SolPro Beads;120
14.4.2;6.3.2 AEX-SolPro Beads;123
14.5;6.4 Summary;126
14.6;References;127
15;7 Industrial Production, Surface Modification, and Application of Magnetic Particles;129
15.1;Abstract;129
15.2;7.1 Introduction;129
15.3;7.2 Batch Synthesis of Magnetite;130
15.4;7.3 Continuous Production of Magnetite;131
15.5;7.4 Surface Functionalization;133
15.5.1;7.4.1 Surface Modification by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization;133
15.5.2;7.4.2 Immobilization of Antibodies;136
15.6;7.5 Applications;138
15.7;7.6 Summary;139
15.8;References;140
16;Part II Magnetic Separation Devices;141
17;8 Magnetically Enhanced Centrifugation for Industrial Use;142
17.1;Abstract;142
17.2;8.1 Introduction;143
17.3;8.2 Theory;143
17.3.1;8.2.1 Considerations for Scaling;144
17.4;8.3 Simulation of Magnetically Enhanced Centrifugation;145
17.4.1;8.3.1 Simulation Results;145
17.4.2;8.3.2 Validation;146
17.5;8.4 Batch-Wise Magnetically Enhanced Centrifugation in Industrial Scale;147
17.5.1;8.4.1 Setup;147
17.5.2;8.4.2 Wire Cleaning by Centrifugal Forces;148
17.5.3;8.4.3 Performance;149
17.5.4;8.4.4 Discharge in a Batch-Wise Magnetically Enhanced Centrifuge;151
17.6;8.5 Continuous Magnetically Enhanced Centrifugation;152
17.6.1;8.5.1 Setup;152
17.6.2;8.5.2 Continuous Separation;153
17.7;8.6 Permanent Magnet Arrangement for Magnetically Enhanced Centrifugation;154
17.7.1;8.6.1 Setup;154
17.7.2;8.6.2 Performance of the Permanent Magnet Arrangement Compared to an Electromagnet;155
17.8;8.7 Conclusion;156
17.9;References;157
18;9 Design and Performance of a Pilot Scale High-Gradient Magnetic Filter Using a Mandhala Magnet and Its Application for Soy–Whey Protein Purification;158
18.1;Abstract;158
18.2;9.1 Introduction;158
18.3;9.2 Design of the Mandhala Magnet;159
18.3.1;9.2.1 Dipole Approximation for a Mandhala Magnet;160
18.3.2;9.2.2 Comparison of Dipole Model Results and Measurement;162
18.4;9.3 Design of the Filter Cell and Its Operation;163
18.5;9.4 System Performance;165
18.5.1;9.4.1 Particle Loss;166
18.5.1.1;9.4.1.1 Method;166
18.5.1.2;9.4.1.2 Results;167
18.5.2;9.4.2 Backwashing Behavior;167
18.5.2.1;9.4.2.1 Theory;168
18.5.2.2;9.4.2.2 Method;169
18.5.2.3;9.4.2.3 Experimental Results;169
18.5.2.4;9.4.2.4 Flow Analysis and Discussion;171
18.6;9.5 Soy–Whey Protein Purification;174
18.6.1;9.5.1 Methods;174
18.6.1.1;9.5.1.1 Soy–Whey Pretreatment;175
18.6.1.2;9.5.1.2 Process Description;175
18.6.1.3;9.5.1.3 Determination of Total Protein Content;176
18.6.1.4;9.5.1.4 Determination of Sugar Content;177
18.6.1.5;9.5.1.5 Monitoring the Purification Process by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE);177
18.6.2;9.5.2 Protein Purification Results and Discussion;178
18.6.2.1;9.5.2.1 Purification Without Washing;178
18.6.2.2;9.5.2.2 Purification Optimization;180
18.7;9.6 Conclusion;183
18.8;References;183
19;10 Continuous Magnetic Extraction for Protein Purification;185
19.1;Abstract;185
19.2;Abbreviations;185
19.3;10.1 Introduction to the Principle of CME;186
19.4;10.2 Theory of CME;187
19.4.1;10.2.1 Combination of Particles and AMTPS;189
19.4.1.1;10.2.1.1 Separation Efficiency;189
19.5;10.3 CME-Setup and Operation;191
19.6;10.4 Application of the CME Process;195
19.7;10.5 Conclusion and Outlook;195
19.8;References;196
20;Part III Process Examples;197
21;11 In Situ Magnetic Separation on Pilot Scale: A Tool for Process Optimization;198
21.1;Abstract;198
21.2;11.1 Introduction;198
21.3;11.2 Process Definition;199
21.4;11.3 Process Development;202
21.4.1;11.3.1 Bioprocess;202
21.4.2;11.3.2 Magnetic Particle System;203
21.4.3;11.3.3 Separator;210
21.5;11.4 Process Integration of ISMS;213
21.6;11.5 Conclusion;217
21.7;References;218
22;12 An Industrial Approach to High Gradient Magnetic Fishing in the Food Industry;221
22.1;Abstract;221
22.2;12.1 Introduction;222
22.3;12.2 The Raw System and Pretreatment;223
22.4;12.3 Lab Scale Process Development;224
22.5;12.4 The Large Scale BBI Production;226
22.5.1;12.4.1 High Gradient Magnetic Fishing in a Small Pilot Line;227
22.5.2;12.4.2 High Gradient Magnetic Fishing in a Large Pilot Line;228
22.5.3;12.4.3 Postprocessing: Purification and Drying;229
22.6;12.5 Economic Evaluation;232
22.6.1;12.5.1 Economic Process Modeling;232
22.6.2;12.5.2 Process Economy;233
22.6.3;12.5.3 Theoretic Calculation on Selective Ligands;235
22.7;12.6 Technology Benchmarking;235
22.7.1;12.6.1 Experimental Test Runs on Competing Technologies;236
22.7.2;12.6.2 Benchmarking Results;237
22.7.3;12.6.3 Carbon Footprint;238
22.8;12.7 Safety, Health and Environment and Legal Considerations;239
22.8.1;12.7.1 Nanomaterials in REACH and CLP;240
22.8.2;12.7.2 Potential RisksNegatives of the Nanomaterial;240
22.9;12.8 Conclusion;241
23;Part IV Conclusion;242
24;13 Conclusion;243
24.1;13.1 Particle Synthesis;243
24.2;13.2 Functionalization;244
24.3;13.3 Separation Devices;244
24.4;13.4 The Processes;245
24.5;13.5 Outlook;246
25;Index;248