Nikolaeva A Grammar of Tundra Nenets

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-11-032064-0
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 65, 526 Seiten

Reihe: Mouton Grammar Library [MGL]

The book is the first substantial description of Tundra Nenets, a highly endangered Uralic language spoken in Western Siberia and the north of European Russia, destined for the international linguistic community. Its purpose is to provide a thorough documentation of all of the major grammatical phenomena in the language. The grammar particularly emphasizes the description of syntax, because this has traditionally been a very neglected area of Nenets studies. Many syntactic aspects have not received a systematic treatment in the existing literature or have not been addressed at all. Since the existing works are not easily available, incomplete, or idiosyncratically presented, Tundra Nenets syntax has played little or no role in the considerations of modern linguists, whether more descriptively or theoretically inclined. The book is largely descriptive: it is not intended to address theoretical questions per se and the description is not meant to be formulated within a particular framework. However, it identifies and discusses issues which are of broad typological and theoretical interest. The description is richly exemplified. Most of the cited examples are the result of fieldwork conducted by the in various locations. They are sentences produced by native speakers either spontaneously or elicited in response to questions posed in Russian. Other examples are excerpts from original texts.

Zielgruppe

Scholars, Graduate Students of Typology, Syntax and Morphology, L

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nikolaeva, Irina

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Grammatik, Syntax, Morphologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;5
2;Table of contents;7
3;Abbreviations;15
4;1. Introduction;17
4.1;1. Tundra Nenets language;17
4.1.1;1.1 Genetic affiliation;17
4.1.2;1.2 Geographical location;18
4.1.3;1.3 Dialects;20
4.1.4;1.4 The number of speakers;21
4.1.5;1.5 The functions of the language;23
4.1.6;1.6 Basic typological profile;24
4.1.7;1.7 Brief overview of previous studies;26
4.2;2. About this grammar;27
4.2.1;2.1 The structure;28
4.2.2;2.2 The data;29
4.2.3;2.3 The transcription;30
4.2.4;2.4 Glossing and translational conventions;31
5;2. Phonology;33
5.1;1. Phonemic inventory;33
5.1.1;1.1 Vowels;34
5.1.2;1.2 Consonants;36
5.2;2. Phonological processes;36
5.2.1;2.1 Postlexical alternations;36
5.2.2;2.2 Alternations sensitive to morphology;37
5.2.2.1;2.2.1 Phonologically conditioned processes;37
5.2.2.2;2.2.2 Lexically conditioned processes;38
5.3;3. Stem types;38
5.3.1;3.1 Primary stems;39
5.3.1.1;3.1.1 Consonant-final stems;39
5.3.1.2;3.1.2 Vowel-final stems;40
5.3.1.3;3.1.3 Irregular stems;40
5.3.2;3.2 Secondary stems;41
5.3.2.1;3.2.1 Accusative plural stem;41
5.3.2.2;3.2.2 General finite stem;42
5.3.2.3;3.2.3 Reflexive stem;43
5.4;4. Remarks on prosodic structure;43
5.4.1;4.1 Syllables;43
5.4.2;4.2 Stress assignment;44
6;3. Grammatical classes;45
6.1;1. Nouns;45
6.1.1;1.1 Morphosyntactic properties;45
6.1.2;1.2 Nominal derivation;46
6.1.3;1.3 Nominal mixed categories;48
6.1.3.1;1.3.1 Adjectival forms of nouns;48
6.1.3.2;1.3.2 Verbal forms of nouns;52
6.1.3.3;1.3.3 Adverbial forms of nouns;53
6.2;2. Adjectives;57
6.2.1;2.1 Morphosyntactic properties;57
6.2.2;2.2 Adjectival derivation;59
6.3;3. Verbs;60
6.3.1;3.1 Morphosyntactic properties;60
6.3.2;3.2 Deverbal derivation: aspectual classes;61
6.3.3;3.3 Denominal derivation;62
6.4;4. Pronominals;63
6.5;5. Adverbs;66
6.6;6. Postpositions;67
6.7;7. Numerals;68
6.8;8. Conjunctions and particles;69
6.9;9. Interjections;72
7;4. Nominal inflection;73
7.1;1. Number;73
7.1.1;1.1 Dual;73
7.1.2;1.2 Plural;75
7.2;2. Case;76
7.2.1;2.1 Nominative;76
7.2.2;2.2 Accusative;77
7.2.3;2.3 Genitive;77
7.2.4;2.4 Dative;78
7.2.5;2.5 Locative;79
7.2.6;2.6 Ablative;80
7.2.7;2.7 Prolative;81
7.3;3. Possessive morphology;82
7.3.1;3.1 Form;82
7.3.2;3.2 Function;84
7.4;4. Predestinative;88
7.4.1;4.1 Nominative predestinative;89
7.4.2;4.2 Accusative predestinative;90
7.4.3;4.3 Genitive predestinative;91
7.5;5. Predicative forms of nouns;92
8;5. Verbal inflection;94
8.1;1. Agreement;94
8.1.1;1.1 Subject agreement;94
8.1.2;1.2 Object agreement;95
8.2;2. Tense in the indicative;96
8.2.1;2.1 Present;96
8.2.2;2.2 Past;97
8.2.3;2.3 Future;98
8.2.4;2.4 Habitual;99
8.2.5;2.5 Future-in-the-past;100
8.3;3. Mood;101
8.3.1;3.1 Imperative;101
8.3.2;3.2 Hortative;102
8.3.3;3.3 Jussive;103
8.3.4;3.4 Subjunctive;104
8.3.5;3.5 Apprehensive;106
8.3.6;3.6 Necessitative;107
8.3.7;3.7 Potential;108
8.3.8;3.8 Inferential;109
8.3.9;3.9 Reportative;112
8.3.10;3.10 Interrogative;113
8.3.11;3.11 Dubitative;114
8.3.12;3.12 Probabilitative;115
8.3.13;3.13 Approximative;117
8.3.14;3.14 Reputative;120
8.3.15;3.15 Debitive;121
8.4;4. Non-finite forms;122
8.4.1;4.1 Participles;123
8.4.2;4.2 Action nominal;124
8.4.3;4.3 Converbs;126
8.4.4;4.4 The conditional;126
8.4.5;4.5 The auditive;129
8.4.6;4.6 The connegative;131
9;6. Clitics and multi-based affixes;132
9.1;1. Clitics;132
9.1.1;1.1 Exclamative =n’uq;133
9.1.2;1.2 Focus =(.
o)w°/=ey°;134
9.1.3;1.3 Assertive =ma;136
9.1.4;1.4 Affirmative =m°h;137
9.1.5;1.5 Emphatic =d’iq;139
9.2;2. Multi-based affixes;139
9.2.1;2.1 Limitative;140
9.2.2;2.2 Focus;144
9.2.3;2.3 Affirmative;145
9.2.4;2.4 Emphatic;148
9.2.5;2.5 Comparative;149
9.2.6;2.6 Polar;150
9.2.7;2.7 Moderative;151
9.2.8;2.8 Diminutive;152
9.2.9;2.9 Pejorative;153
9.2.10;2.10 Augmentative;154
9.2.11;2.11 Intensive;155
10;7. Noun phrases;157
10.1;1. Determiners;157
10.2;2. Possessive NPs;158
10.2.1;2.1 The structure;158
10.2.2;2.2 The properties of the agreeing possessor;160
10.2.3;2.3 Predestinative possessive phrases;166
10.3;3. Attributive modifiers;167
10.3.1;3.1 Interaction of concord features;167
10.3.2;3.2 Conditions on possessive concord;170
10.3.3;3.3 Quantificational adjectives;172
10.4;4. Quantified NPs;175
10.4.1;4.1 Universal quantifiers and numerals;175
10.4.2;4.2 Quantificational nouns;178
10.5;5. Non-possessive nominal dependents;181
10.5.1;5.1 Attributive nominative;181
10.5.2;5.2 Non-possessive genitive;183
10.5.3;5.3 Oblique forms of nouns;184
10.5.4;5.4 Deverbal nouns;184
10.6;6. Apposition;187
10.7;7. Constituent order;187
11;8. Adjectival, postpositional and adverbial phrases;190
11.1;1. Adverbial and adjectival phrases;190
11.1.1;1.1 Comparative and superlative constructions;190
11.1.2;1.2 Degree adverbs;192
11.1.3;1.3 Transitive adjectives;193
11.1.4;1.4 Agreeing adverbs;194
11.1.4.1;1.4.1 Agentive agreeing adverbs;194
11.1.4.2;1.4.2 Non-agentive agreeing adverbs;196
11.1.4.3;1.4.3 NP-internal agreeing adverbs;198
11.1.4.4;1.4.4 Intensifiers;199
11.1.5;1.5 Predicative adverbs;202
11.2;2. Postpositional phrases;204
11.2.1;2.1 Basic structure;204
11.2.2;2.2 Postpositional phrases as periphrastic cases;205
12;9. Basic syntax of simple clauses;210
12.1;1. Grammatical functions in active clauses;210
12.1.1;1.1 Subject;210
12.1.1.1;1.1.1 Coding properties;210
12.1.1.2;1.1.2 Behavioural properties;212
12.1.1.3;1.1.3 Non-canonical subjects;216
12.1.2;1.2 Direct object;217
12.1.2.1;1.2.1 Accusative objects;218
12.1.2.2;1.2.2 Predestinative objects;226
12.1.3;1.3 Oblique grammatical functions;228
12.2;2. Constituent order;229
12.2.1;2.1 Affirmative clauses;229
12.2.2;2.2 Constituent order in negative constructions;233
12.2.3;2.3 Dislocated constituents;235
13;10. Valence patterns and alternations;240
13.1;1. One-place predicates;240
13.1.1;1.1 Inflectional classes of intransitive verbs;240
13.1.2;1.2 Derived intransitives;242
13.1.3;1.3 Weather predicates;243
13.2;2. Two-place predicates;245
13.2.1;2.1 Accusative objects;246
13.2.2;2.2 Oblique objects;248
13.2.3;2.3 Genitive objects;250
13.3;3. Three-place patterns;250
13.3.1;3.1 Accusative and dative;250
13.3.2;3.2 Accusative and locative;252
13.3.3;3.3 Accusative and other cases;253
13.4;4. Passive;255
13.4.1;4.1 The structure and meaning of the passive construction;255
13.4.2;4.2 Grammatical functions;261
13.4.3;4.3 Impersonal passive;264
14;11. Non-verbal predicates;266
14.1;1. Existential constructions;266
14.2;2. Identificational constructions;268
14.2.1;2.1 Attributive forms as predicates;268
14.2.2;2.2 Nominative nouns as predicates;270
14.2.3;2.3 Pronouns and quantifiers as predicates;273
14.2.4;2.4 Non-finite verbal forms as predicates;274
14.2.5;2.5 Oblique forms of nouns as predicates;276
14.3;3. Locational constructions;279
15;12. Non-declarative clause types and negation;281
15.1;1. Interrogatives;281
15.1.1;1.1 Wh-questions;281
15.1.2;1.2 Yes-no questions;283
15.1.3;1.3 Alternative and deliberative questions;283
15.2;2. Directives;285
15.3;3. Exclamatives and addresses;286
15.4;4. Negations;288
15.4.1;4.1 Negation of finite clauses;288
15.4.2;4.2 Negation of non-verbal predicates;290
15.4.3;4.3 Negative polarity items;293
15.4.4;4.4 Constituent vs. clausal negation;294
15.4.5;4.5 Marginal negative auxiliaries;296
16;13. Overview of dependent clauses;299
16.1;1. Finite dependent clauses;299
16.2;2. Non-finite dependent clauses;301
16.2.1;2.1 The coding of the arguments;302
16.2.2;2.2 The clausal status;306
16.2.3;2.3 The position of non-finite clauses;310
16.2.4;2.4 Constituent order in non-finite clauses;317
16.2.5;2.5 Negation in non-finite clauses;318
16.3;3. Questions in complex sentences;321
16.3.1;3.1 Embedded questions;321
16.3.2;3.2 Questions out of embedded clauses;324
17;14. Relative clauses;331
17.1;1. The participial strategy;331
17.1.1;1.1 Structure;331
17.1.2;1.2 Accessibility to relativization;333
17.2;2. The non-participial strategy;338
17.2.1;2.1 Structure;338
17.2.2;2.2 Accessibility to relativization;339
17.3;3. Resumptive strategy;344
17.4;4. Relativization out of embedded clauses;346
17.5;5. Copular relative clauses;352
17.5.1;5.1 Proprietive relative construction;352
17.5.2;5.2 Attributive forms as predicates;354
18;15. Complement clauses;357
18.1;1. Sentential subjects;357
18.1.1;1.1 Impersonal constructions;357
18.1.2;1.2 Personal constructions;360
18.2;2. Sentential objects;361
18.2.1;2.1 Subject control constructions;362
18.2.1.1;2.1.1 Action nominal;362
18.2.1.2;2.1.2 Converbs;364
18.2.2;2.2 Object control constructions;368
18.2.2.1;2.2.1 Action nominal and participles;368
18.2.2.2;2.2.2 Converbs;369
18.2.3;2.3 Non-controlled clauses;372
18.2.3.1;2.3.1 Accusative action nominal;372
18.2.3.2;2.3.2 Action nominal in oblique cases;374
18.3;3. Clausal complements of nouns;377
19;16. Adverbial clauses;383
19.1;1. Action nominal clauses;383
19.1.1;1.1 Action nominal in oblique cases;383
19.1.2;1.2 Action nominal with postpositions;385
19.2;2. Converbial clauses;388
19.2.1;2.1 Conditional converbs;388
19.2.2;2.2 Evasive converbs;392
19.2.3;2.3 Modal converbs;393
19.2.4;2.4 Purposive converbs;398
19.3;3. Participial clauses;399
20;17. Anaphoric relations;402
20.1;1. Anaphora in simple clauses;402
20.1.1;1.1 Pronominals and anaphoric nulls in argument roles;402
20.1.2;1.2 Possessive pronominals;405
20.1.3;1.3 Null-headed NPs;409
20.1.4;1.4 Reflexivization;410
20.1.5;1.5 Reciprocals;412
20.2;2. Anaphora in complex sentences;414
20.2.1;2.1 Null anaphora in dependent clauses;414
20.2.2;2.2 Reflexives in dependent clauses;421
20.2.3;2.3 Non-reflexive anaphoric elements in dependent clauses;423
20.2.4;2.4 Anaphoric elements in main clauses;425
20.2.5;2.5 Reciprocals in complex sentences;428
21;18. Coordination;430
21.1;1. NP coordination;430
21.1.1;1.1 Juxtaposition;430
21.1.2;1.2 Conjunctions;431
21.1.3;1.3 Double duals;433
21.1.4;1.4 Postpositional strategy;436
21.1.5;1.5 Converbial strategy;439
21.2;2. Coordination of other categories;441
21.3;3. Disjunction;444
22;19. Texts;448
23;References;512
24;Index;515