Nijholt Computers and Languages

Theory and Practice
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9942-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 4, 492 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Studies in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence

A global introduction to language technology and the areas of computer science where language technology plays a role. Surveyed in this volume are issues related to the parsing problem in the fields of natural languages, programming languages, and formal languages.Throughout the book attention is paid to the social forces which influenced the development of the various topics. Also illustrated are the development of the theory of language analysis, its role in compiler construction, and its role in computer applications with a natural language interface between men and machine. Parts of the material in this book have been used in courses on computational linguistics, computers and society, and formal approaches to languages.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nijholt, A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Computers and Languages: Theory and Practice;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;PREFACE;6
6;PART I: INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND;16
6.1;Chapter 1. The Birth Of The Computers;18
6.1.1;1.1 On Docile Slaves And Mechanical Languages;18
6.1.2;1.2 The Early Computers;26
6.1.3;1.3 Literature;43
6.2;Chapter 2. The Birth Of The Programming Languages;46
6.2.1;2.1 The Mathematical Background;46
6.2.2;2.2 From Code To Language;54
6.2.3;2.3 Language Analysis And Code Synthesis;62
6.2.4;2.4 Literature;67
6.3;Chapter 3. Towards Intelligent Applications;70
6.3.1;3.1 General Applications;70
6.3.2;3.2 Turing's Machine Exercises;79
6.3.3;3.3 Machine Translation;84
6.3.4;3.4 Literature;89
6.4;Chapter 4. Topics Of Artificial Intelligence;92
6.4.1;4.1 Artificial Intelligence Science;92
6.4.2;4.2 Perceptual And Cognitive Processes;97
6.4.3;4.3 Expert Systems;105
6.4.4;4.4 Speech, Language, And Linguistics;110
6.4.5;4.5 Literature;113
7;PART II: MILITARY BACKGROUND;118
7.1;Chapter 5. The Military Impact;120
7.1.1;5.1 The Impact Of The Cold War;120
7.1.2;5.2 The Demand For Micro-Electronics;125
7.1.3;5.3 Computers And Missiles;128
7.1.4;5.4 Command, Control, And Communications;134
7.1.5;5.5 Literature;144
7.2;Chapter 6. Computer Controlled War And Peace;146
7.2.1;6.1 Introduction;146
7.2.2;6.2 Computers And Space;147
7.2.3;6.3 Artificial Intelligence And Future Warfare;155
7.2.4;6.4 Hardware And Software Development;160
7.2.5;6.5 Literature;168
8;PART III: VIEWPOINTS OF LANGUAGE;170
8.1;Chapter 7. Generative
Linguistics;172
8.1.1;7.1 Generative Grammar;172
8.1.2;7.2 Transformational Grammar;187
8.1.3;7.3 Competence And Human Parsing;197
8.1.4;7.4 Literature;211
8.2;Chapter 8. BNF Programming, Analyzing, And Compiling;216
8.2.1;8.1 BNF versus Phrase Structure Grammars;216
8.2.2;8.2 The Insufficiency Of Context-Free Grammars;225
8.2.3;8.3 The Compiler Production Milieux;242
8.2.4;8.4 Literature;248
8.3;Chapter 9. Formal Languages And Parsing Methods;254
8.3.1;9.1 Towards A Theory Of Parsing;254
8.3.2;9.2 General Context-Free Parsing;274
8.3.3;9.3 Deterministic Parsing Strategies;283
8.3.4;9.4 Literature;309
9;PART IV: FROM LANGUAGE TOWARDS INTELLIGENCE;314
9.1;Chapter 10. Towards Natural Language Understanding;316
9.1.1;10.1 The Impact Of ALPAC;316
9.1.2;10.2 Topics Of Natural Language Processing;332
9.1.3;10.3 Problems In Language Understanding;340
9.1.4;10.4 Modeling Language Understanding;352
9.1.5;10.5 Literature;354
9.2;Chapter 11. Natural Language And Artificial Intelligence;358
9.2.1;11.1 Language And Knowledge Levels;358
9.2.2;11.2 Augmented Transition Networks;363
9.2.3;11.3 From Semantic Roles To Semantic Primitives;376
9.2.4;11.4 Conceptual Case Frame Representation;381
9.2.5;11.5 Conceptual Inferences And Meaning;395
9.2.6;11.6 Knowledge Representation Issues;409
9.2.7;11.7 Literature;425
9.3;Chapter 12. Language: From Theory To Practice;430
9.3.1;12.1 Introduction;430
9.3.2;12.2 Natural Language Interface Construction;431
9.3.3;12.3 Machine Translation After ALPAC;439
9.3.4;12.4 Fifth Generation And Natural Language;445
9.3.5;12.5 Language Processing And The Military;448
9.3.6;12.6 Literature;457
10;PART V: A MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL-ACADEMIC COMPLEX?;462
10.1;Chapter 13. University Research And The Military;464
10.1.1;13.1 Introduction;464
10.1.2;13.2 Collaboration With The Military;465
10.1.3;13.3 Militarily Sensitive Research;468
10.1.4;13.4 Scientists And Controversial Projects;472
10.1.5;13.5 Computer Professionals And Responsibility;479
10.1.6;13.6 Literature;483
11;Name Index;488