New Insect Conservation and Urban Environments

1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-3-319-21224-1
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 252 Seiten

Includes chapters on assessing changes among assemblages and in individual species, the variety of general threats (notably habitat changes and impacts of alien species) and more particularly urban threats. The first global overview and synthesis of the impacts of urbanisation on insects and their relatives and the needs and theoretical and practical background to conserving them in urban environments. Insect dependence on open spaces in built-up areas suggests a wide range of management options for conservation, from individual site (including novel habitats such as green roofs) to landscape-level connectivity. These measures, all discussed with specific examples, involve all sectors of humanity, from government agencies to individual householders and 'citizen scientist' groups. Each chapter includes pertinent and recent.

Autoren/Hrsg.

New, Tim R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
1.1;References;9
2;Acknowledgements;10
3;Contents;12
4;Chapter 1: Urban Environments and Insect Wellbeing;15
4.1;1.1 Introduction: Urban Environments;15
4.2;1.2 Urban Transformations;18
4.3;1.3 Concerns for Conservation;23
4.4;1.4 Urban Insect Conservation;30
4.5;References;31
5;Chapter 2: Insects in Urban Environments;34
5.1;2.1 Introduction: The Variety of Concerns;34
5.2;2.2 Scales and Intensity of Change;38
5.3;2.3 Ecological Traps;42
5.4;References;44
6;Chapter 3: Insects Along Urban-Rural Gradients;45
6.1;3.1 Introduction: Values of Gradient Studies;45
6.2;3.2 Interpreting Changes;49
6.3;3.3 Focal Insect Groups for Study;51
6.3.1;3.3.1 Carabid Beetles;51
6.3.2;3.3.2 Other Beetles;54
6.3.3;3.3.3 Plants and Pollinators;56
6.3.4;3.3.4 Lepidoptera;58
6.3.5;3.3.5 Hymenoptera;62
6.4;3.4 Generality and Predictive Traits;69
6.5;3.5 Urban Successions;71
6.6;References;73
7;Chapter 4: Impacts on Insect Communities and Species;77
7.1;4.1 Introduction: Characterising Urban Insect Communities and Species;77
7.2;4.2 Impacts of Change;79
7.3;4.3 Species Losses;82
7.4;4.4 Extinction Debt;88
7.5;4.5 Species Contexts;91
7.6;4.6 Sanitation and Resources;95
7.7;References;96
8;Chapter 5: Alien Species in Urban Environments;99
8.1;5.1 Introduction: The Variety of Alien Species;99
8.2;5.2 Alien Plants;100
8.3;5.3 Alien Insects;107
8.4;References;111
9;Chapter 6: Urban Insect Pest Management: Implications for Insect Conservation;114
9.1;6.1 Introduction: A Key Theme in Urban Entomology;114
9.2;6.2 Concerns Over Insects;115
9.3;6.3 Control of Urban Insect ‘Pests’;117
9.4;6.4 Expanding Perspective of Management;124
9.5;References;128
10;Chapter 7: Selected Urban Threats to Insects;131
10.1;7.1 Introduction: Conservation Implications of Some Urban Developments;131
10.2;7.2 The Heat Island Effect;131
10.3;7.3 Artificial Lighting;134
10.4;7.4 Traffic;135
10.5;7.5 Bird or Bat Predation;139
10.6;References;139
11;Chapter 8: Countering Insect Habitat Losses and Change in Urban Areas;142
11.1;8.1 Introduction: Urban Open Spaces;142
11.2;8.2 Reconciliation Ecology;150
11.3;8.3 Urban Agriculture;152
11.4;8.4 Brownfield Sites;154
11.5;8.5 Aquatic Ecosystems;157
11.5.1;8.5.1 Ponds;160
11.5.2;8.5.2 Storm Water Management;162
11.6;References;168
12;Chapter 9: Providing Habitats for Urban Insects;171
12.1;9.1 Introduction: Indicating the Range of Possibilities;171
12.2;9.2 Urban Parks;176
12.3;9.3 Community Gardens;181
12.4;9.4 Urban Forests;182
12.5;9.5 Urban Meadows;187
12.6;9.6 Domestic Gardens;187
12.7;9.7 Lawns;190
12.8;9.8 Golf Courses;192
12.9;9.9 Novel Habitats: Green Roofs and Green Walls;194
12.10;9.10 Periurban Fringes;200
12.11;References;206
13;Chapter 10: Landscape Connectivity for Urban Insects;211
13.1;10.1 Introduction: Countering Habitat Fragmentation in Urban Landscapes;211
13.2;10.2 Corridors and Nodes;213
13.3;10.3 Translocations;218
13.4;References;220
14;Chapter 11: Awareness and Priorities for the Future;221
14.1;11.1 Introduction: Establishing Perspective and Defining Needs;221
14.2;11.2 Citizen Science for Urban Insects;236
14.3;11.3 Prospects;241
14.4;References;244
15;Index;247