Mutig High Speed VCSELs for Optical Interconnects

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-642-16570-2
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 169 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Theses

The transmission speed of data communication systems is forecast to increase exponentially over the next decade. Development of both Si-based high-speed drivers as well as III-V-semiconductor-based high-speed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are prerequisites for future ultrahigh data-rate systems. This thesis presents: - a survey of the present state of the art of VCSELs - a systematic investigation of the various effects limiting present VCSELs - a catalogue of solutions to overcome present limits - detailed progress in modelling, fabricating and testing the currently most advanced VCSELs at the two commercially most important wavelengths.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mutig, Alex

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Supervisor’s Foreword;7
2;Acknowledgments;10
3;Contents;12
4;1 Introduction;14
4.1;1.1…Introduction;14
4.2;1.2…Optics in Telecom and Datacom and the Role of VCSELs;15
4.3;1.3…Moore’s Law in Datacom;20
4.4;1.4…Recent Progress on High Speed VCSELs;22
4.4.1;1.4.1 State-of-the-art of 850 nm VCSELs;23
4.4.2;1.4.2 State-of-the-art of 980 nm VCSELs;24
4.4.3;1.4.3 State-of-the-art of 1100 nm VCSELs;25
4.5;1.5…Dissertation Contribution and Overview;26
4.6;References;27
5;2 Physical Processes in Lasers and VCSEL Design;32
5.1;2.1…Optical Properties;33
5.1.1;2.1.1 Transfer Matrix Method and 1D Simulations;34
5.1.2;2.1.2 Eigenmode Expansion Technique for 3D VCSEL Modeling;41
5.1.3;2.1.3 Mode Structure of Oxide-Confined VCSELs;46
5.1.4;2.1.4 Calculation of the Lasing Mode Parameters;48
5.2;2.2…Electrical Properties;54
5.2.1;2.2.1 Carrier Dynamic in Semiconductor Lasers;54
5.2.2;2.2.2 Electrical Design of the DBR Mirrors;57
5.2.3;2.2.3 Design of the Active Region;61
5.2.4;2.2.4 Equivalent Circuit and Electrical Parasitics of a VCSEL;66
5.2.5;2.2.5 Design of Impedance Matched High Frequency Contact Pads;69
5.3;2.3…Thermal Properties;72
5.3.1;2.3.1 Heat Generation and Thermal Resistance of Oxide-Confined VCSELs;72
5.3.2;2.3.2 Temperature Dependence of the Basic Laser Parameters;77
5.4;2.4…The Rate Equations;80
5.4.1;2.4.1 Rate Equation Model and Steady-State Solutions;80
5.4.2;2.4.2 Small-Signal Frequency Response;87
5.5;References;95
6;3 VCSEL Growth and Fabrication;98
6.1;3.1…Growth of the VCSEL Epitaxial Structure;98
6.2;3.2…VCSEL Fabrication Technology;101
6.3;References;106
7;4 High Temperature Stable 980 nm VCSEL Results;107
7.1;4.1…VCSELs with the SML Active Region;107
7.1.1;4.1.1 Device Structure;107
7.1.2;4.1.2 Static Characteristics;108
7.1.3;4.1.3 Small Signal Modulation Analysis;113
7.1.4;4.1.4 Large Signal Modulation Characteristics;119
7.1.5;4.1.5 Summary of the 980 nm SML-VCSEL Results;121
7.2;4.2…VCSELs with the QW Active Region;123
7.2.1;4.2.1 Device Structure;123
7.2.2;4.2.2 Static Characteristics;124
7.2.3;4.2.3 Small Signal Modulation Analysis;129
7.2.4;4.2.4 Large Signal Modulation Characteristics;139
7.2.5;4.2.5 Summary of the 980 nm QW-VCSEL Results;142
7.3;References;144
8;5 High Speed 850 nm VCSEL Results;145
8.1;5.1…Device Structure;146
8.2;5.2…Static Characteristics;147
8.3;5.3…Small Signal Modulation Analysis;150
8.4;5.4…Large Signal Modulation Characteristics;156
8.5;5.5…Summary of the 850 nm QW-VCSEL Results;161
8.6;References;162
9;6 Conclusions and Outlook;163
9.1;6.1…Summary;163
9.2;6.2…Future Works;165
9.3;References;168
10;Appendix;170
10.1;Appendix A: Measurement Setup;170
11;Curriculum Vitae;174
12;List of Publications and Conference Presentations;175