Muthukumar Polymer Translocation

Erscheinungsjahr 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4200-7517-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 372 Seiten

Polymer translocation occurs in many biological and biotechnological phenomena where electrically charged polymer molecules move through narrow spaces in crowded environments. Unraveling the rich phenomenology of polymer translocation requires a grasp of modern concepts of polymer physics and polyelectrolyte behavior. Polymer Translocation discusses universal features of polymer translocations and summarizes the key concepts of polyelectrolyte structures, electrolyte solutions, ionic flow, mobility of charged macromolecules, polymer capture by pores, and threading of macromolecules through pores.

With approximately 150 illustrations and 850 equations, the book:

- Avoids heavy mathematics

- Uses examples to illustrate the richness of the phenomenon

- Introduces the entropic barrier idea behind polymer translocation

- Outlines conceptual components necessary for a molecular understanding of polymer translocation

- Provides mathematical formulas for the various quantities pertinent to polymer translocation

The challenge in understanding the complex behavior of translocation of polyelectrolyte molecules arises from three long-range forces due to chain connectivity, electrostatic interactions, and hydrodynamic interactions. Polymer Translocation provides an overview of fundamentals, established experimental facts, and important concepts necessary to understand polymer translocation. Readers will gain detailed strategies for applying these concepts and formulas to the design of new experiments.

Zielgruppe

The book is written for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in the basics of polymer translocation, researchers in physics, materials science, biology, chemistry, and chemical engineering.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Muthukumar, M.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie Polymerchemie
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Polymerwerkstoffe
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Chemische Physik
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Technologie der Kunststoffe und Polymere

Inhaltsverzeichnis

General Premise

Biological contexts

Single-molecule experiments

Nomenclature

Entropic barrier idea

Physics of translocation

Outlook

Size, Shape, and Structure of Macromolecules

Measures of polymer conformations

Universal behavior

Excluded volume interaction

Coarse-grained models of chain connectivity

Chain swelling by excluded volume effect

Coil-globule transition

Concentration effects

Summary

Electrolyte Solutions, Interfaces, and Geometric Objects

Electrolyte solutions

Charged interfaces

Summary

Flexible and Semiflexible Polyelectrolytes

Concepts

Experimental results

Simulation results

Electrostatic swelling with fixed polymer charge

Self-regularization of polymer charge

Concentration effects

Summary

Confinement, Entropic Barrier, and Free Energy Landscape

Hole in a wall

Spherical cavities

Cylindrical pores

Infinitely wide channels

Summary

Random Walks, Brownian Motion, and Drift

Biased random walk

Brownian motion and Langevin equation

Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation

Collection of Brownian particles

Equilibrium versus steady state

Finite boundaries and first passage time

Properties of drift-diffusion process

Summary

Polyelectrolyte Dynamics

Solvent continuum and hydrodynamic interaction

Uncharged polymer

Diffusion of polyelectrolyte chains

Electrophoretic mobility

Coil-stretch under flow

Summary

Ion Flow in Single Pores

A general scenario

Equilibrium

Steady state without diffusion

Steady state with drift and diffusion

Effect of barriers

Ionic current through protein pores

Fluctuations in ionic current

Electroosmotic flow (EOF)

Summary

Polymer Capture

Representative experimental results

General considerations

Diffusion-limited capture

Drift-limited regime

Effect of convective flow

Polymer capture with electroosmotic flow

Effect of barriers on capture rate

Summary

Translocation Kinetics: Nucleation and Threading

Representative experimental results

Insights from simulations

Theory of translocation kinetics

Comparison between experimental data and theory

Summary

Further Issues

Non-equilibrium conformations during threading

Amplification of chemical details

Biological examples

Summary