Muthukumar Polymer Translocation

Erscheinungsjahr 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4200-7517-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 372 Seiten

Polymer translocation occurs in many biological and biotechnological phenomena where electrically charged polymer molecules move through narrow spaces in crowded environments. Unraveling the rich phenomenology of polymer translocation requires a grasp of modern concepts of polymer physics and polyelectrolyte behavior. Polymer Translocation discusses universal features of polymer translocations and summarizes the key concepts of polyelectrolyte structures, electrolyte solutions, ionic flow, mobility of charged macromolecules, polymer capture by pores, and threading of macromolecules through pores.

With approximately 150 illustrations and 850 equations, the book:

- Avoids heavy mathematics

- Uses examples to illustrate the richness of the phenomenon

- Introduces the entropic barrier idea behind polymer translocation

- Outlines conceptual components necessary for a molecular understanding of polymer translocation

- Provides mathematical formulas for the various quantities pertinent to polymer translocation

The challenge in understanding the complex behavior of translocation of polyelectrolyte molecules arises from three long-range forces due to chain connectivity, electrostatic interactions, and hydrodynamic interactions. Polymer Translocation provides an overview of fundamentals, established experimental facts, and important concepts necessary to understand polymer translocation. Readers will gain detailed strategies for applying these concepts and formulas to the design of new experiments.

Zielgruppe

The book is written for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in the basics of polymer translocation, researchers in physics, materials science, biology, chemistry, and chemical engineering.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Muthukumar, M.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Chemische Physik
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Polymerwerkstoffe
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie Polymerchemie
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Technologie der Kunststoffe und Polymere

Inhaltsverzeichnis

General Premise
Biological contexts
Single-molecule experiments
Nomenclature
Entropic barrier idea
Physics of translocation
Outlook

Size, Shape, and Structure of Macromolecules
Measures of polymer conformations
Universal behavior
Excluded volume interaction
Coarse-grained models of chain connectivity
Chain swelling by excluded volume effect
Coil-globule transition
Concentration effects
Summary

Electrolyte Solutions, Interfaces, and Geometric Objects
Electrolyte solutions
Charged interfaces
Summary

Flexible and Semiflexible Polyelectrolytes
Concepts
Experimental results
Simulation results
Electrostatic swelling with fixed polymer charge
Self-regularization of polymer charge
Concentration effects
Summary

Confinement, Entropic Barrier, and Free Energy Landscape
Hole in a wall
Spherical cavities
Cylindrical pores
Infinitely wide channels
Summary

Random Walks, Brownian Motion, and Drift
Biased random walk
Brownian motion and Langevin equation
Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation
Collection of Brownian particles
Equilibrium versus steady state
Finite boundaries and first passage time
Properties of drift-diffusion process
Summary

Polyelectrolyte Dynamics
Solvent continuum and hydrodynamic interaction
Uncharged polymer
Diffusion of polyelectrolyte chains
Electrophoretic mobility
Coil-stretch under flow
Summary

Ion Flow in Single Pores
A general scenario
Equilibrium
Steady state without diffusion
Steady state with drift and diffusion
Effect of barriers
Ionic current through protein pores
Fluctuations in ionic current
Electroosmotic flow (EOF)
Summary

Polymer Capture
Representative experimental results
General considerations
Diffusion-limited capture
Drift-limited regime
Effect of convective flow
Polymer capture with electroosmotic flow
Effect of barriers on capture rate
Summary

Translocation Kinetics: Nucleation and Threading
Representative experimental results
Insights from simulations
Theory of translocation kinetics
Comparison between experimental data and theory
Summary

Further Issues
Non-equilibrium conformations during threading
Amplification of chemical details
Biological examples
Summary