Muthu Green Composites

Processing, Characterisation and Applications for Textiles
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-981-13-1972-3
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 110 Seiten

Reihe: Textile Science and Clothing Technology

This book highlights the processing, characterization and applications of various green composites. Composites are known for their unique properties, which are derived by combining two or more components. This yields properties such as greater strength and rigidity than that of the individual components, as well as reduced weight. To help achieve such outcomes, the book discusses the potential applications of hybrid bio-composites and sisal-fiber-reinforced epoxidized non-edible oil-based epoxy green composites.


Dr Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu holds a PhD in Textiles Sustainability and has over 60 books to his credit, along with 80 research publications. He is well known in the field of Textiles Sustainability due to his notable contributions in both academic and industrial contexts. He is currently working as Head of Sustainability for SgT Group & API, based in Hong Kong.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;7
2;1 Natural Fiber-Based Hybrid Bio-composites: Processing, Characterization, and Applications;9
2.1;Abstract;9
2.2;1 Introduction;10
2.2.1;1.1 Polymers;11
2.2.1.1;1.1.1 Synthetic Polymers;11
2.2.1.2;1.1.2 Natural Polymers;13
2.2.2;1.2 Natural Fibers;15
2.2.2.1;1.2.1 Wood-Based Fibers;18
2.2.2.2;1.2.2 Bast Fibers;18
2.2.2.3;1.2.3 Leaf Fibers;20
2.2.2.4;1.2.4 Grass Fibers;21
2.2.2.5;1.2.5 Fruit and Seed Fibers;22
2.2.2.6;1.2.6 Husk/Hull;22
2.2.2.7;1.2.7 Protein Fibers;23
2.2.2.8;1.2.8 Synthetic Fibers;24
2.3;2 Hybridization;26
2.4;3 Processing of Natural Fibers and Hybrid Composites;27
2.4.1;3.1 Fiber Extraction Methods;27
2.4.1.1;3.1.1 Retting Process;27
2.4.1.2;3.1.2 Mechanical Decortication;29
2.4.1.3;3.1.3 Mechanical Dehulling;30
2.4.2;3.2 Fiber Treatments;30
2.4.3;3.3 Composite Processing Methods;31
2.4.3.1;3.3.1 Hand Lay-Up Technique;31
2.4.3.2;3.3.2 Compression Molding;31
2.4.3.3;3.3.3 Resin Transfer Molding (RTM);32
2.4.3.4;3.3.4 Vacuum Molding;32
2.4.3.5;3.3.5 Injection Molding;32
2.4.3.6;3.3.6 Pultrusion;33
2.4.4;3.4 Hybrid Composite Processing;33
2.5;4 Properties and Characterization;36
2.5.1;4.1 Physical Properties;36
2.5.2;4.2 Chemical Composition;37
2.5.3;4.3 Mechanical, Thermal, and Dynamic Properties;37
2.5.4;4.4 Properties of Hybrid Composite;38
2.5.4.1;4.4.1 Natural/Synthetic Fibers-Based Hybrid Composites;38
2.5.4.2;4.4.2 Natural/Natural Fibers-Based Hybrid Composites;42
2.6;5 Applications of Natural Fiber Composites/Bio-Composites (NFC’s);46
2.6.1;5.1 Automobile Industry;47
2.6.2;5.2 Aircraft Industry;48
2.6.3;5.3 Construction Industry;49
2.6.4;5.4 Sporting Industry;50
2.6.5;5.5 Electronics Industry;51
2.6.6;5.6 Transport;51
2.6.7;5.7 Energy Sector;51
2.7;6 Conclusion;53
2.8;References;53
3;2 Processing of Green Composites;55
3.1;Abstract;55
3.2;1 Introduction;55
3.3;2 Natural Fibers;56
3.3.1;2.1 Fiber Extraction and Separation Process;57
3.3.1.1;2.1.1 Dew Retting;59
3.3.1.2;2.1.2 Stand Retting;61
3.3.1.3;2.1.3 Cold Water Retting;61
3.3.1.4;2.1.4 Warm Water Retting;61
3.3.1.5;2.1.5 Mechanical Retting;62
3.3.1.6;2.1.6 Steam Retting;62
3.3.1.7;2.1.7 Enzyme Retting;62
3.3.1.8;2.1.8 Chemical and Surfactant Retting;62
3.3.1.9;2.1.9 Osmotic Degumming;63
3.3.2;2.2 Fiber Surface Modification;63
3.3.2.1;2.2.1 Physical Treatments;63
3.3.2.2;2.2.2 Chemical Treatments;64
3.4;3 Processing of Green Composites;64
3.4.1;3.1 Woven Fabric Production;64
3.4.2;3.2 Hatschek Process;64
3.4.3;3.3 Hand Lay-Up Technique;65
3.4.4;3.4 Compression Moulding;66
3.4.5;3.5 Carding Process;67
3.4.6;3.6 Mould Method;68
3.4.7;3.7 Extrusion Process;68
3.4.8;3.8 Pultrusion;69
3.4.9;3.9 Vacuum Infusion Technique;69
3.5;4 Summary and Conclusion;70
3.6;References;74
4;3 Sisal Fibers Reinforced Epoxidized Nonedible Oils Based Epoxy Green Composites and Its Potential Applications;81
4.1;Abstract;81
4.2;1 Introduction;82
4.3;2 Industrial Application Prospective;83
4.4;3 Plant Oil Based Bio-thermosets;84
4.4.1;3.1 Plant Oils;84
4.4.2;3.2 Chemical Modification of Plant Oils;86
4.4.3;3.3 Plant Oil Based Thermoset Blends;86
4.5;4 Natural Fibers: Potential Applications and Limitations;87
4.6;5 Thermoset Green Composites;88
4.6.1;5.1 Plant Oil Based Thermoset Composites;89
4.6.2;5.2 Bio-Based Curing Agents for Green Composites;90
4.7;6 Case Study: Sisal Fiber Reinforced Epoxidized Oil Based Epoxy Composites;91
4.7.1;6.1 Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxidized Oils;91
4.7.1.1;6.1.1 Linseed and Castor Oil Epoxidation;91
4.7.1.2;6.1.2 Characterization of Epoxidized Oils;92
4.7.1.2.1;Functional Moiety Analysis;92
4.7.1.2.2;FTIR Analysis;92
4.7.1.2.3;NMR Analysis;92
4.7.2;6.2 Formulation of Bio-epoxy Resin Blends;94
4.7.3;6.3 Manufacturing of Bio-based Epoxy Composite;95
4.7.4;6.4 Effect of Epoxidized Oils on Properties of Bio-epoxy Composites;95
4.7.4.1;6.4.1 Density and Void Fraction Within Composite;95
4.7.4.2;6.4.2 Tensile Properties;96
4.7.4.3;6.4.3 Impact or Toughening Properties;98
4.7.4.4;6.4.4 Rheological Behavior of Bio-based Epoxy Resins;99
4.7.4.5;6.4.5 Effect of EO on Viscoelastic Behavior of Composites;100
4.7.4.5.1;Storage Modulus;102
4.7.4.5.2;Loss Factor (Tan ?);102
4.7.4.6;6.4.6 Morphology of Fractured Surfaces;103
4.8;7 Conclusions;104
4.9;Acknowledgements;104
4.10;References;104