Murelli Relative Constructions in European Non-Standard Varieties

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-11-023879-2
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 50, 497 Seiten

Reihe: Empirical Approaches to Language Typology [EALT]ISSN

Cross-linguistic studies on relative constructions in European languages are often centred on standard varieties as described in reference grammars. This volume breaks with the tradition in that it investigates relative constructions in non-standard varieties from a multidisciplinary perspective and addresses a crucial question: what does Europe's typological panorama actually look like?

Zielgruppe

Typologists and Linguists interested in Europe as a Linguistic Area, Dialectologists, Students of M.A.-Courses in Eurolinguistics (e.g. Master in European Linguistics, Freiburg University)

Autoren/Hrsg.

Murelli, Adriano

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Historische & Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachtypologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Soziolinguistik
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Dialektologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Sprachsoziologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgements;7
2;List of figures;8
3;List of tables;15
4;List of abbreviations;19
5;Introduction;21
6;Part 1. Theoretical and methodological premises;25
6.1;1. Theoretical background;26
6.1.1;1.1. Basic definitions;26
6.1.1.1;1.1.1. Relative relations;27
6.1.1.2;1.1.2. Relative constructions;41
6.1.2;1.2. Theoretical framework;46
6.1.3;1.3. ‘Standard’ and ‘non-standard’;49
6.1.3.1;1.3.1. Defining ‘standard’ and ‘non-standard’;49
6.1.3.2;1.3.2. On the usefulness of distinguishing standard from non-standard in linguistic research;54
6.1.4;1.4. Relative clauses in European languages: the state of the art;57
6.1.5;1.5. Aims of the study;65
6.2;2. Data sources;67
6.2.1;2.1. Looking for non-standard constructions;67
6.2.2;2.2. Language sample;72
6.2.3;2.3. A review of data sources;75
6.2.3.1;2.3.1. Linguistic evidence;75
6.2.3.2;2.3.2. Grammars;77
6.2.3.3;2.3.3. Linguistic studies;80
6.2.3.4;2.3.4. Questionnaires;82
6.2.3.5;2.3.5. Language corpora;85
6.2.3.6;2.3.6. The World Wide Web;87
6.2.3.7;2.3.7. Language corpora vs. the World Wide Web;88
6.2.3.8;2.3.8. Historical evidence;90
6.2.3.9;2.3.9. Summary;92
6.3;3. Data classification;93
6.3.1;3.1. Word order;94
6.3.2;3.2. Relative element;99
6.3.2.1;3.2.1 Simple relative elements;107
6.3.2.2;3.2.2. Combined relative elements;118
6.3.3;3.3. Syntactic positions relativized;132
6.3.4;3.4. Correlating the parameters;135
6.3.5;3.5. Classification problems;142
6.3.5.1;3.5.1. How ‘relative’ are relative particles?;143
6.3.5.2;3.5.2. The morphosyntactic status of Turkish ki;149
6.3.5.3;3.5.3. Zero-marker or coordinate clauses?;156
6.3.5.4;3.5.4. Simple or combined?;159
6.3.5.5;3.5.5. The status of adpositions;161
6.3.5.6;3.5.6. One strategy or two?;165
7;Part 2. An areal study of non-standard relative constructions in European languages;169
7.1;4. Typological issues;171
7.1.1;4.1. Word order;171
7.1.1.1;4.1.1. The postnominal strategy;172
7.1.1.2;4.1.2. The correlative strategy;178
7.1.1.3;4.1.3. The postposed strategy;188
7.1.2;4.2. Relative element;192
7.1.2.1;4.2.1. Inflected elements remain uninflected;192
7.1.2.2;4.2.2. The syntactic role of the relativized item in the RC is not encoded;202
7.1.2.3;4.2.3. The diffusion of relative particles;213
7.1.2.4;4.2.4. Other phenomena related to relative elements;227
7.1.3;4.3. Syntactic positions relativized;236
7.1.3.1;4.3.1. Decumulation;238
7.1.3.2;4.3.2. Double encoding;242
7.1.3.3;4.3.3. No encoding;248
7.1.3.4;4.3.4. Case matching;253
7.1.3.5;4.3.5. Avoiding the relative clause;257
7.1.4;4.4. Typological conclusions;260
7.1.5;4.5. A functional account?;271
7.2;5. Sociolinguistic issues;275
7.2.1;5.1. Non-standard vs. standard relative constructions: a sociolinguistic account;276
7.2.1.1;5.1.1. Word order;282
7.2.1.2;5.1.2. Relative element;283
7.2.1.3;5.1.3. Syntactic position relativized;289
7.2.2;5.2. A scale of standardness for relative constructions in European languages;293
7.2.2.1;5.2.1. The degree of standardness of individual strategies;297
7.2.2.2;5.2.2. The relationship between strategies;303
7.2.2.3;5.2.3. Factors influencing the position of languages on the scale;305
7.2.3;5.3. Standard, non-standard and speakers’ choices;310
7.3;6. Diachronic issues;317
7.3.1;6.1. Non-standard relative constructions: diachronic evidence;318
7.3.2;6.2. Word order;322
7.3.2.1;6.2.1. Turkish ki and the postnominal strategy in Basque;322
7.3.2.2;6.2.2. The correlative strategy;325
7.3.2.3;6.2.3. The postposed strategy;331
7.3.3;6.3. Relative element;332
7.3.3.1;6.3.1. Relative pronouns;332
7.3.3.2;6.3.2. Specialized relative elements;341
7.3.3.3;6.3.3. Relative particles;344
7.3.3.4;6.3.4. The zero-marker;349
7.3.3.5;6.3.5. Combined elements;351
7.3.4;6.4. Syntactic positions relativized;354
7.3.4.1;6.4.1. Decumulation;355
7.3.4.2;6.4.2. Double encoding;360
7.3.4.3;6.4.3. No encoding;363
7.3.4.4;6.4.4. Case matching;365
7.3.5;6.5. The development of (non-)standard relative constructions: a proposal;366
7.3.5.1;6.5.1. Stage 1: no endoglossic standard;370
7.3.5.2;6.5.2. Stage 2: the formation of an endoglossic standard;371
7.3.5.3;6.5.3. Stage 3: the continuum of standard and non-standard varieties;378
7.3.5.4;6.5.4. Further developments;386
7.3.6;6.6. Concluding remarks;387
8;Part 3. Construction-based language-specific case studies;391
8.1;7. Presentative constructions in German discussion forums;393
8.1.1;7.1. Aims of the study;393
8.1.2;7.2. Preliminaries to the corpus analysis;393
8.1.2.1;7.2.1. The constructions under investigation;393
8.1.2.2;7.2.2. The database;397
8.1.2.3;7.3. Postnominal vs. postposed relative clauses;398
8.1.3;7.4. Relative pronoun vs. relative particle;401
8.1.4;7.5. Discussion;403
8.2;8. Relative constructions in a spoken Russian corpus;407
8.2.1;8.1. Aims of the study;407
8.2.1.1;8.2. Preliminaries to the corpus analysis;408
8.2.1.2;8.2.1. Russian linguistic varieties;408
8.2.1.3;8.2.2. The corpus;410
8.2.1.4;8.2.3. The constructions under investigation;415
8.2.2;8.3. Quantitative analysis;419
8.2.3;8.4. Qualitative analysis;422
8.2.4;8.5. Discussion;433
8.2.5;8.6. The informants;436
8.3;Summary and outlook;437
9;Appendix A – The language sample;446
10;Appendix B – The questionnaires;448
11;Notes;453
12;References;460
13;Index of languages;484
14;Index of authors;488
15;Index of subjects;494

Über Autor(innen)

Murelli, Adriano
Adriano Murelli, Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim, Germany