Murelli Relative Constructions in European Non-Standard Varieties

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-11-023879-2
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 50, 497 Seiten

Reihe: Empirical Approaches to Language Typology [EALT]

Zielgruppe

Typologists and Linguists interested in Europe as a Linguistic Area, Dialectologists, Students of M.A.-Courses in Eurolinguistics (e.g. Master in European Linguistics, Freiburg University)

Autoren/Hrsg.

Murelli, Adriano

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Dialektologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Historische & Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachtypologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Soziolinguistik
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Sprachsoziologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgements;7
2;List of figures;8
3;List of tables;15
4;List of abbreviations;19
5;Introduction;21
6;Part 1. Theoretical and methodological premises;25
6.1;1. Theoretical background;26
6.1.1;1.1. Basic definitions;26
6.1.1.1;1.1.1. Relative relations;27
6.1.1.2;1.1.2. Relative constructions;41
6.1.2;1.2. Theoretical framework;46
6.1.3;1.3. ‘Standard’ and ‘non-standard’;49
6.1.3.1;1.3.1. Defining ‘standard’ and ‘non-standard’;49
6.1.3.2;1.3.2. On the usefulness of distinguishing standard from non-standard in linguistic research;54
6.1.4;1.4. Relative clauses in European languages: the state of the art;57
6.1.5;1.5. Aims of the study;65
6.2;2. Data sources;67
6.2.1;2.1. Looking for non-standard constructions;67
6.2.2;2.2. Language sample;72
6.2.3;2.3. A review of data sources;75
6.2.3.1;2.3.1. Linguistic evidence;75
6.2.3.2;2.3.2. Grammars;77
6.2.3.3;2.3.3. Linguistic studies;80
6.2.3.4;2.3.4. Questionnaires;82
6.2.3.5;2.3.5. Language corpora;85
6.2.3.6;2.3.6. The World Wide Web;87
6.2.3.7;2.3.7. Language corpora vs. the World Wide Web;88
6.2.3.8;2.3.8. Historical evidence;90
6.2.3.9;2.3.9. Summary;92
6.3;3. Data classification;93
6.3.1;3.1. Word order;94
6.3.2;3.2. Relative element;99
6.3.2.1;3.2.1 Simple relative elements;107
6.3.2.2;3.2.2. Combined relative elements;118
6.3.3;3.3. Syntactic positions relativized;132
6.3.4;3.4. Correlating the parameters;135
6.3.5;3.5. Classification problems;142
6.3.5.1;3.5.1. How ‘relative’ are relative particles?;143
6.3.5.2;3.5.2. The morphosyntactic status of Turkish ki;149
6.3.5.3;3.5.3. Zero-marker or coordinate clauses?;156
6.3.5.4;3.5.4. Simple or combined?;159
6.3.5.5;3.5.5. The status of adpositions;161
6.3.5.6;3.5.6. One strategy or two?;165
7;Part 2. An areal study of non-standard relative constructions in European languages;169
7.1;4. Typological issues;171
7.1.1;4.1. Word order;171
7.1.1.1;4.1.1. The postnominal strategy;172
7.1.1.2;4.1.2. The correlative strategy;178
7.1.1.3;4.1.3. The postposed strategy;188
7.1.2;4.2. Relative element;192
7.1.2.1;4.2.1. Inflected elements remain uninflected;192
7.1.2.2;4.2.2. The syntactic role of the relativized item in the RC is not encoded;202
7.1.2.3;4.2.3. The diffusion of relative particles;213
7.1.2.4;4.2.4. Other phenomena related to relative elements;227
7.1.3;4.3. Syntactic positions relativized;236
7.1.3.1;4.3.1. Decumulation;238
7.1.3.2;4.3.2. Double encoding;242
7.1.3.3;4.3.3. No encoding;248
7.1.3.4;4.3.4. Case matching;253
7.1.3.5;4.3.5. Avoiding the relative clause;257
7.1.4;4.4. Typological conclusions;260
7.1.5;4.5. A functional account?;271
7.2;5. Sociolinguistic issues;275
7.2.1;5.1. Non-standard vs. standard relative constructions: a sociolinguistic account;276
7.2.1.1;5.1.1. Word order;282
7.2.1.2;5.1.2. Relative element;283
7.2.1.3;5.1.3. Syntactic position relativized;289
7.2.2;5.2. A scale of standardness for relative constructions in European languages;293
7.2.2.1;5.2.1. The degree of standardness of individual strategies;297
7.2.2.2;5.2.2. The relationship between strategies;303
7.2.2.3;5.2.3. Factors influencing the position of languages on the scale;305
7.2.3;5.3. Standard, non-standard and speakers’ choices;310
7.3;6. Diachronic issues;317
7.3.1;6.1. Non-standard relative constructions: diachronic evidence;318
7.3.2;6.2. Word order;322
7.3.2.1;6.2.1. Turkish ki and the postnominal strategy in Basque;322
7.3.2.2;6.2.2. The correlative strategy;325
7.3.2.3;6.2.3. The postposed strategy;331
7.3.3;6.3. Relative element;332
7.3.3.1;6.3.1. Relative pronouns;332
7.3.3.2;6.3.2. Specialized relative elements;341
7.3.3.3;6.3.3. Relative particles;344
7.3.3.4;6.3.4. The zero-marker;349
7.3.3.5;6.3.5. Combined elements;351
7.3.4;6.4. Syntactic positions relativized;354
7.3.4.1;6.4.1. Decumulation;355
7.3.4.2;6.4.2. Double encoding;360
7.3.4.3;6.4.3. No encoding;363
7.3.4.4;6.4.4. Case matching;365
7.3.5;6.5. The development of (non-)standard relative constructions: a proposal;366
7.3.5.1;6.5.1. Stage 1: no endoglossic standard;370
7.3.5.2;6.5.2. Stage 2: the formation of an endoglossic standard;371
7.3.5.3;6.5.3. Stage 3: the continuum of standard and non-standard varieties;378
7.3.5.4;6.5.4. Further developments;386
7.3.6;6.6. Concluding remarks;387
8;Part 3. Construction-based language-specific case studies;391
8.1;7. Presentative constructions in German discussion forums;393
8.1.1;7.1. Aims of the study;393
8.1.2;7.2. Preliminaries to the corpus analysis;393
8.1.2.1;7.2.1. The constructions under investigation;393
8.1.2.2;7.2.2. The database;397
8.1.2.3;7.3. Postnominal vs. postposed relative clauses;398
8.1.3;7.4. Relative pronoun vs. relative particle;401
8.1.4;7.5. Discussion;403
8.2;8. Relative constructions in a spoken Russian corpus;407
8.2.1;8.1. Aims of the study;407
8.2.1.1;8.2. Preliminaries to the corpus analysis;408
8.2.1.2;8.2.1. Russian linguistic varieties;408
8.2.1.3;8.2.2. The corpus;410
8.2.1.4;8.2.3. The constructions under investigation;415
8.2.2;8.3. Quantitative analysis;419
8.2.3;8.4. Qualitative analysis;422
8.2.4;8.5. Discussion;433
8.2.5;8.6. The informants;436
8.3;Summary and outlook;437
9;Appendix A – The language sample;446
10;Appendix B – The questionnaires;448
11;Notes;453
12;References;460
13;Index of languages;484
14;Index of authors;488
15;Index of subjects;494

Über Autor(innen)

Murelli, Adriano
Adriano Murelli, Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim, Germany