Murad Cyclic GMP: Synthesis, Metabolism, and Function

1. Auflage 1994
ISBN: 978-0-08-058117-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 26, 335 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Advances in Pharmacology

This volume is dedicated to the topic of cyclic GMP. Chapters include discussions on the guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoenzyme families for cyclic GMP synthesis and hydrolysis, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases, and various hormones and ligands that regulate cyclic GMP formation and/or metabolism. Several chapters also deal with some of the effects of cyclic GMP on other second messengers such as calcium ion transport and smooth muscle relaxation. Some clinical studies with cyclic GMP and atrial natriuretic peptide are also discussed. The last chapter raises many important questions in the field that remain to be addressed. - Isoforms of guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoenzyme families for cyclic GMP synthesis and hydrolysis - Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase - Hormones and ligands that regulate GMP formation and/or metabolism - Effects of cyclic GMP on other second messengers and some functions such as smooth muscle relaxation and ion transport - Clinical studies with cyclic GMP and atrial natriuretic peptide - Important questions and experiments for the future

Autoren/Hrsg.

Murad, Ferid

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;6
3;Chapter 1. Introduction and Some Historical Comments Ferid Murad ;18
3.1;References;22
4;Chapter 2. Cloning of Guanylyl Cyclase Isoforms;24
4.1;I. Introduction;24
4.2;II. Cloning of Particulate Guanylyl Cyclases;24
4.3;III. Cloning of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclases;28
4.4;IV. Summary;30
4.5;References;32
5;Chapter 3. Regulation of Cytosolic Guanylyl Cyclase by Nitric Oxide: The NO–Cyclic GMP Signal Transduction System;36
5.1;I. Introduction;36
5.2;II. Effects of Nitric Oxide on Cyclic GMP Synthesis and Smooth Muscle Relaxation;38
5.3;III. Effects of Endothelial-Derived Relaxing Factor on Cyclic GMP Formation;43
5.4;IV. Nitric Oxide Formation;44
5.5;V. Summary;47
5.6;References;47
6;Chapter 4. Regulation of Cytosolic Guanylyl Cyclase by Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins;52
6.1;I. Introduction and Overview;52
6.2;II. Studies Leading to the Discovery That Protoporphyrin IX Activates Guanylate Cyclase;54
6.3;III. Kinetic Mechanisms by Which Protoporphyrin IX Activates Guanylate Cyclase and Similarity to Nitric Oxide–Heme Complex;60
6.4;IV. Role of Copper Bound to Guanylate Cyclase;62
6.5;V. Mechanism by Which Phenylhydrazine Activates Guanylate Cyclase;63
6.6;VI. Structure–Activity Relationships Involving Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins ;67
6.7;VII. Regulation of Guanylate Cyclase Activity by Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins ;71
6.8;VIII. Nitric Oxide–Heme Exchange between Hemoproteins and Guanylate Cyclase ;75
6.9;IX. Summary and Conclusions;78
6.10;References;79
7;Chapter 5. Regulation of Particulate Guanylate Cyclase by Natriuretic Peptides and Escherichiu coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin;84
7.1;I. Introduction;84
7.2;II. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Receptors;86
7.3;III. Heat-Stable Enterotoxin (ST) Receptor;91
7.4;IV. Particulate Guanylate Cyclase-Cyclic GMP Second Messenger System;98
7.5;References;99
8;Chapter 6. Cyclic GMP and Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Hydrolysis;104
8.1;I. Introduction;104
8.2;II. Ca2+/CaM-Dependent PDE Family;108
8.3;III. Cyclic GMP-Specific PDE Family;113
8.4;IV. Cyclic GMP-Stimulated Phosphodiesterase Family;116
8.5;V. Cyclic GMP-Inhibited PDE Family;121
8.6;VI. Summary;124
8.7;References;124
9;Chapter 7. Progress in Understanding the Mechanism and Function of Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase;132
9.1;I. Introduction;132
9.2;II. Tissue Distribution of Cyclic GMP Kinase;134
9.3;III. Isozymes;135
9.4;IV. Nonmammalian Cyclic GMP Kinases;141
9.5;V. General Structure;141
9.6;VI. Microheterogeneity;143
9.7;VII. Domain Structures and Functions;145
9.8;VIII. Physiological Function;166
9.9;IX. Cross-Activation;173
9.10;X. Concluding Remarks;176
9.11;References;176
10;Chapter 8. Effects of Cyclic GMP on Smooth Muscle Relaxation;188
10.1;I. Introduction;188
10.2;II. Isoforms of Guanylyl Cyclase Present in Smooth Muscle;189
10.3;III. Mechanism of Cyclic GMP-Mediated Smooth Muscle Relaxation;197
10.4;IV. Summary;201
10.5;References;202
11;Chapter 9. Interrelationships of Cyclic GMP, Inositol Phosphates, and Calcium;212
11.1;I. Introduction;212
11.2;II. Cyclic GMP Effects on Calcium;213
11.3;III. Cyclic GMP Effect on Ins(1,4,5)P3 Production;224
11.4;References;226
12;Chapter 10. Cyclic GMP Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels in Cardiac Muscle and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells;234
12.1;I. Introduction and Overview;234
12.2;II. Cardiac Muscle;237
12.3;III. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells;247
12.4;IV. Skeletal Muscle Fibers;262
12.5;V. Summary;263
12.6;References;263
13;Chapter 11. Effect of Cyclic GMP on Intestinal Transport;270
13.1; I. Introduction;270
13.2;II. Synthesis of Cyclic GMP in the Intestine;271
13.3;III. Effects of Cyclic GMP on Intestinal Transport in Mammals;274
13.4;IV. Effects of Cyclic GMP on Intestinal Transport in Winter Flounder ;280
13.5;V. Mechanisms of Cyclic GMP Action in the Intestine;280
13.6;VI. Intestinal Form of Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (Type II) ;284
13.7; VII. The CFTR C Channel and Its Regulation by Cyclic GMP;287
13.8;VIII. Function of Cyclic GMP-Induced Electrolyte and Fluid Secretion in the Intestine;290
13.9;References;292
14;Chapter 12. Cyclic GMP in Lower Forms;302
14.1;I. Introduction;302
14.2;II. Bacteria;303
14.3;III. Slime Molds and Fungi;304
14.4;IV. Cyclic GMP in the Protozoans Tetrahymena and Paramecium;309
14.5;V. Cyclic GMP in Other Lower Forms;314
14.6;References;315
15;Chapter 13. Clinical Relationships of Cyclic GMP;322
15.1;I. Introduction;322
15.2;II. Cyclic GMP Measurements in Healthy Humans;322
15.3;III. Cyclic GMP Measurements in Essential Hypertension;330
15.4; IV. Use of Cyclic GMP Measurements as a Tool in Other Diseases;332
15.5;V. Conclusions;333
15.6;References;334
16;Chapter 14. Future Directions;338
16.1;References;341
17;Index;342