Mühlhäuser / Ferscha / Aitenbichler Constructing Ambient Intelligence

AmI 2007 Workshops Darmstadt, Germany, November 7-10, 2007, Revised Papers
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-85379-4
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 11, 481 Seiten

Reihe: Communications in Computer and Information Science

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the workshops of the First European Conference on Ambient Intelligence, AmI 2007, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in November 2007. The papers are organized in topical sections on AI methods for ambient intelligence, evaluating ubiquitous systems with users, model driven software engineering for ambient intelligence applications, smart products, ambient assisted living, human aspects in ambient intelligence, Amigo, WASP as well as the cojoint PERSONA and SOPRANO workshops and the KDubiq workshop.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mühlhäuser, Max

Ferscha, Alois

Aitenbichler, Erwin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Table of Contents;7
3;Workshop Summary: Artificial Intelligence Methods for Ambient Intelligence;12
3.1;Preface;12
3.2;Workshop Organizers;13
3.3;Program Committee;14
4;AI Methods for Smart Environments A Case Study on Team Assistance in Smart Meeting Rooms;15
4.1;Introduction;15
4.2;Intention Recognition;16
4.3;Strategy Generation;19
4.4;Summary;23
4.5;References;23
5;A Survey of Semantics-Based Approaches for Context Reasoning in Ambient Intelligence;25
5.1;Introduction;25
5.2;Ontological Reasoning;26
5.3;Rule-Based Reasoning;27
5.4;Distributed Reasoning Techniques;28
5.5;Other Reasoning Techniques;30
5.6;Discussion;31
5.7;References;33
6;Distributed Reasoning with Conflicts in an Ambient Peer-to-Peer Setting;35
6.1;Introduction;35
6.2;Related Work;36
6.3;Our Approach;37
6.3.1;Definitions;38
6.3.2;Problem Statement;38
6.3.3;{\it P2P DR} Algorithm;39
6.3.4;Algorithm Properties;42
6.4;Conclusion;43
6.5;References;43
7;Model-Based Default Refinement of Partial Information within an Ambient Agent;45
7.1;Introduction;45
7.2;Case Studies;46
7.2.1;Wristband for Elderly;46
7.2.2;Crime Case;46
7.3;Basic Concepts Used;47
7.4;Representing Model-Based Interpretation in Default Logic;49
7.4.1;Default Logic for Model-Based Refinement of Partial Information;49
7.4.2;A Default Theory for the Wristband for Elderly Case;50
7.4.3;Crime Case Default Theory;52
7.5;Discussion;53
7.6;References;53
8;CAMPUS NEWS - Artificial Intelligence Methods Combined for an Intelligent Information Network;55
8.1;Introduction;55
8.2;Campus News – Concept;56
8.2.1;System Architecture;57
8.2.2;Content Entry;58
8.3;AI Methods;59
8.3.1;Concept Filtering;59
8.3.2;Message Filtering;60
8.4;Results and Outlook;61
8.5;References;62
9;Searching for Temporal Patterns in AmI Sensor Data;64
9.1;Introduction;64
9.2;Description of the Problem and Related Work;65
9.3;T-patterns;66
9.4;The Modified T-pattern Algorithm;67
9.4.1;Testing Independence between Two Temporal Point Processes;67
9.4.2;Modelling {\it T_{AB}} Times;68
9.5;Experimental Results;68
9.6;Conclusion;72
9.7;References;73
10;Evaluating Ubiquitous Systems with Users (Workshop Summary);74
10.1;Introduction;74
10.2;Current Approaches to Evaluation;75
10.3;Issues and Research Questions;77
10.3.1;Data Sources for Evaluation;77
10.3.2;Comparability;79
10.3.3;Benefit of Interdisciplinary Evaluation;80
10.3.4;Combining Quantitative and QualitativeMethods;80
10.3.5;Factoring in the Context;81
10.3.6;Disengagement;82
10.4;Related Events;83
10.5;Conclusion and Outlook;84
10.6;References;84
11;Preface to MDSE4AmI 2007;86
12;Modeling for Users;88
12.1;Introduction;88
12.2;Finding User Concerns;89
12.3;Modeling User Concerns;90
12.4;The Contextual Semantics;90
12.5;Product Building and Design;91
12.6;Related Work;92
12.7;Conclusions;93
12.8;References;93
13;Usability Aware Model Driven Development of User Interfaces;94
13.1;Introduction;94
13.2;Meta Models;95
13.3;Usability Evaluation;95
13.3.1;Example;97
13.3.2;Implementation of the Framework;98
13.4;Usability Metrics During Application Development;99
13.5;Example Metric;100
13.6;Conclusion;101
13.7;References;102
14;An Agent-Based Generic Model for Human-Like Ambience;104
14.1;Introduction;104
14.2;Modelling Approach;105
14.3;Global Structure of the Agent-Based Generic Model;106
14.4;Generic Ambient Agent and World Model;109
14.5;Case Studies;112
14.6;Discussion;112
14.7;References;113
15;Model-Driven Approach to the Implementation of Context-Aware Applications Using Rule Engines;115
15.1;Introduction;115
15.2;Approach;116
15.3;ECA-DL;118
15.4;Jess;119
15.5;Transformation Specification;120
15.6;Conclusions and Further Work;122
15.7;References;123
16;Multimodal User Interaction in Smart Environments: Delivering Distributed User Interfaces;124
16.1;Introduction;124
16.2;Related Work;125
16.3;Interaction Channels;125
16.4;Delivering User Interfaces;126
16.5;The Multi-access Service Platform;127
16.6;Conclusion and Future Work;129
16.7;References;130
17;Distributed User Interfaces in Ambient Environment;132
17.1;Introduction;132
17.2;Related Work;133
17.3;Modeling Context of Use, Physical Environment, and Services;134
17.3.1;The Context of Use and the Physical Environment;134
17.3.2;The Services;136
17.4;Executing, Composing Services for Distributed User Interfaces;137
17.4.1;User Interface Rendering;137
17.4.2;User Interface Migration;138
17.4.3;User Interface Adaptation;139
17.4.4;Other User Interface Services;139
17.5;Conclusion;139
17.6;References;140
18;Supporting Ambient Environments by Extended Task Models;142
18.1;Introduction;142
18.2;Requirements Engineering and the Domain of Concern;143
18.3;Utilization of Task Models;143
18.4;Using MDD to Support Task Modeling;145
18.5;Task Models and Dynamic Bayesian Networks;146
18.5.1;Introducing Markov Models;146
18.5.2;Employing Task Models for the Generation of Markov Models;147
18.6;Conclusion and Future Research;148
18.7;References;149
19;Prototyping of Multimodal Interactions for Smart Environments Based on Task Models;150
19.1;Introduction;150
19.2;A Task Modeling Notation Supporting Smart Environments;151
19.2.1;Referencing the Functional Core from a Task Tree;152
19.2.2;Annotating Domain Concepts and Modeling the Object Flow;152
19.2.3;Interconnecting Tasks and Objects to Prototype the Simultaneous Usage of Modalities;154
19.3;Related Work;155
19.4;Conclusion and Future Work;156
19.5;References;156
20;Challenges to the Model-Driven Generation of User Interfaces at Runtime for Ambient Intelligent Systems;158
20.1;Introduction;158
20.2;Our UI Generation Approach at Runtime for AmI-Systems;159
20.2.1;User Interface Modeling;159
20.2.2;Transformation Rules;160
20.2.3;The Usability Engine;160
20.3;Challenges and Possible Solutions;162
20.3.1;Interfacing Services;162
20.3.2;Modeling Notations and Tools;163
20.3.3;Transformation Engine Requirements;163
20.3.4;Formalization of Usability Rules;163
20.3.5;Handling of Platform Diversity;164
20.3.6;UI Specification of Dynamic Services;164
20.4;Conclusion and Future Work;165
20.5;References;165
21;Smart Products: Building Blocks of Ambient Intelligence;167
22;Smart Products: An Introduction;169
22.1;Introduction and Motivation;169
22.2;A Quest for Integrated Research;170
22.3;Defining Smart Products;173
22.4;Summary and Conclusion;175
22.5;References;175
23;Reasoning on Smart Products in Consumer Good Domains;176
23.1;Introduction;176
23.2;The Concept of a Product;177
23.2.1;Definition;177
23.2.2;Instance-Centered Product Life Cycle;178
23.3;Smart Products;178
23.3.1;Characteristics of Smart Products;178
23.3.2;A Computational Model for Smart Products;180
23.4;A Fashion Shopping Example;181
23.4.1;Deduction of Smart Product Similarity Sets;181
23.5;Related Work;182
23.6;Summary and Future Work;182
23.7;References;183
24;Proof of Possession: Using RFID for Large-Scale Authorization Management;185
24.1;Introduction;185
24.2;Problem Statement;186
24.2.1;Definitions;186
24.2.2;Use Case;186
24.2.3;Challenges and Evaluation Criteria;187
24.3;Methods for Constructing Proofs of Possession;187
24.3.1;Method Alternatives;187
24.3.2;Storage Alternatives;189
24.3.3;Evaluation;189
24.4;Towards a Secure Possession Service;190
24.5;Related Work;191
24.6;Summary and Future Work;192
24.7;References;192
25;U-TOPIA: A Ubiquitous Environment with a Wearable Platform, UFC and Its Security Infrastructure, pKASSO;194
25.1;Introduction;194
25.2;U-TOPIA Internal;196
25.2.1;Indoor and Outdoor Testbed;196
25.2.2;Middleware, $\mu$-Ware;196
25.2.3;Wearable Platform, UFC;196
25.2.4;User Interface, i-Throw;197
25.2.5;Security Infrastructure, pKASSO;199
25.3;Target Application: User-Friendly Interaction with U-TOPIA;200
25.3.1;Motivation;200
25.3.2;Detection of Target Device;201
25.4;Conclusion;203
25.5;References;203
26;Ambient Assisted Living Systems – Notes on a Plenary Discussion;205
27;Attitudes and Requirements of Elderly People Towards Assisted Living Solutions;208
27.1;Introduction;208
27.2;Concept of the Project “Assisted Living” in Kaiserslautern;209
27.3;PAUL: The User Perspective;211
27.4;Experiences with Assisted Living Devices in Everyday Use;213
27.5;Overall Acceptance of AAL-Technology;214
27.6;Conclusion;216
27.7;References;217
28;Formal Design and Simulation of an Ambient Multi-agent System Model for Medicine Usage Management;218
28.1;Introduction;218
28.2;Modelling Approach;219
28.2.1;Process and Information/Functionality Aspects;219
28.2.2;Specification Languages;219
28.3;Overview of the Multi-agent System;220
28.4;Specification of the Multi-agent Level;221
28.5;Specification of the Ambient Agents;221
28.5.1;Generic Temporal Rules;222
28.5.2;Domain-Specific Temporal Rules;222
28.6;Simulation Results;225
28.7;Discussion;227
28.8;References;227
29;Concept and Design of an AAL Home Monitoring System Based on a Personal Computerized Assistive Unit;229
29.1;Introduction;229
29.2;Technical Concept;230
29.2.1;PAUL;230
29.2.2;Data Processing;231
29.3;Monitoring System;232
29.3.1;Information Handling;232
29.3.2;Principles of Automata Representation on PAUL;233
29.3.3;Automata Composition for the Inhabitant’s Presence Problem;234
29.3.4;Emergency Alerts;237
29.4;Outlook;237
29.5;References;238
30;Detecting Activities for Assisted Living;239
30.1;Introduction;239
30.2;Related Work;240
30.3;Methodology;241
30.4;Experimental Set Up and Data Collection;241
30.5;Experimental Results;243
30.5.1;Data Pre-processing: Formatting and Class Annotation;243
30.5.2;Data Filtering;243
30.5.3;Models - Unsupervised Classification;244
30.6;Discussion;245
30.7;Conclusion;246
30.8;References;247
31;BERNIE – Consultant for Nutrition and Intelligent Shopping;249
31.1;Introduction;249
31.2;Scenario Considerations;251
31.3;Realisation;251
31.4;Field Trial Experiences;253
31.5;Scientific Background;255
31.6;Conclusion and Future Work;255
31.7;References;256
32;Ambient Assisted Living in Rural Areas: Vision and Pilot Application;257
32.1;Introduction;257
32.2;SystemComponents;258
32.3;The SmartECG Application;259
32.3.1;Doctor Mode;259
32.3.2;Patient Mode;260
32.4;NetworkLayer;260
32.5;Related Work;261
32.6;Conclusion and Future Plans;262
32.7;References;263
33;Predictions for Epidemiologic Indicators of Age-Related Diseases and Implications for the Development of Health-Enabling Technologies;264
33.1;Introduction and Motivation;264
33.2;Methods;265
33.3;Results;265
33.3.1;Prevalence, Incidence and Costs;266
33.3.2;Level of Impairment and Causes of Death;266
33.4;Discussion;268
33.4.1;Epidemiologic Indicators;268
33.4.2;Implications for the Development of Health-Enabling Technologies;269
33.5;Conclusion;270
33.6;References;270
34;First International Workshop on Human Aspects in Ambient Intelligence: Preface;272
35;On Human Aspects in Ambient Intelligence;273
35.1;Introduction;273
35.2;Multidisciplinarity: The Ingredients;274
35.3;Frameworks to Combine the Ingredients;274
35.4;Perspectives of Reflective Coupled Human-Environment Systems;276
35.5;Conclusion;277
35.6;References;278
36;The Use of Brain-Computer Interfacing in Ambient Intelligence;279
36.1;Motivation;279
36.2;BCI Research and IBCI System;281
36.3;IBCI Applications;284
36.3.1;Brain-Actuated Robots;285
36.3.2;Brain Actuated Wheelchair;287
36.4;Cognitive State Recognition: Towards Empathic Devices;290
36.4.1;Decoding Human Awareness of Machine Error;290
36.4.2;Decoding Human Anticipation;291
36.5;Conclusions and Future Work;293
36.6;References;294
37;Design and Validation of HABTA: Human Attention-Based Task Allocator;297
37.1;Introduction;297
37.2;Human Error in the Allocation of Attention;298
37.2.1;Underallocation of Attention;299
37.2.2;Overallocation of Attention;300
37.3;Design Requirements;300
37.4;Validation;302
37.4.1;Task Description;303
37.4.2;Experiment 1: Validation of the Descriptive Model;305
37.4.3;Experiment 2: Validation of the HABTA-Based Support;306
37.5;Intermediary Results;307
37.6;Conclusion and Discussion;309
37.7;References;310
38;Affective Human Factors Design with Ambient Intelligence;312
38.1;Introduction;312
38.2;A Framework of Affective Human Factors Design;314
38.3;Fundamental Issues;315
38.3.1;Ambient Intelligence;315
38.3.2;Affective Design;315
38.3.3;Human Factors and Ergonomics;317
38.3.4;Product Development;318
38.3.5;Application Scenarios;320
38.4;Summary;322
38.5;References;323
39;Smart Home Technology for the Elderly: Perceptions of Multidisciplinary Stakeholders;325
39.1;Introduction;325
39.2;Multidisciplinary Stakeholders;326
39.2.1;The Care Receiver;326
39.2.2;The Caregiver;327
39.2.3;The Designer;328
39.3;Perceptual Differences on Prevention and Privacy between Caregivers and Care Receivers;328
39.4;Perceptual Differences on Requirements between Designers and Care Receivers;330
39.5;Perceptual Differences on Functionality between Designers and Caregivers and Relatives;332
39.6;Analyses of Multidisciplinary Stakeholders’ Perceptions;332
39.7;Discussion;334
39.8;References;335
40;Enhancing Human Understanding through Intelligent Explanations;338
40.1;Introduction;338
40.2;Intelligent Explanations;339
40.3;Related Work;340
40.4;Types of Feedback;342
40.5;Intelligent Tutoring Agent for the Royal Netherlands Navy;343
40.6;Discussion;345
40.7;References;346
41;Towards Natural Interaction by Enabling Technologies: A Near Field Communication Approach;349
41.1;Introduction;349
41.2;Identification Technologies;350
41.2.1;RFID (Radiofrequency Identification);351
41.2.2;NFC (Near Field Communication);352
41.3;ContextualTags;353
41.3.1;NFC Architecture;354
41.4;Tagging Context and Places;355
41.4.1;Context-Awareness by Tagging and Touching;356
41.5;Tagging Board Interaction;357
41.6;Related Works;359
41.7;Conclusions;361
41.8;References;361
42;Model-Based Reasoning Methods within an Ambient Intelligent Agent Model;363
42.1;Introduction;363
42.2;Modelling Approach;364
42.2.1;The Temporal Trace Language TTL;364
42.2.2;Temporal Specification of Reasoning Methods;365
42.3;Model-Based Reasoning Methods for Belief Generation;366
42.3.1;Forward Reasoning Methods for Belief Generation;367
42.3.2;Backward Reasoning Methods for Belief Generation;367
42.4;Controlling Belief Generation;368
42.4.1;Belief Generation Selection;368
42.4.2;Selection Criteria in Reasoning Methods for Belief Generation;370
42.5;Simulation;370
42.5.1;Ambient Driver Model;371
42.5.2;Ambient Stress Model;372
42.6;Basic Properties of World Facts, Beliefs and Leads To Relations;375
42.6.1;Properties of World Facts and Beliefs;375
42.6.2;Properties of Leads to Relationships;375
42.7;Formal Analysis of Dynamic Properties;377
42.8;Discussion;379
42.9;References;380
43;Amigo Architecture: Service Oriented Architecture for Intelligent Future In-Home Networks;382
43.1;Introduction;382
43.2;Amigo Architecture;383
43.3;Overview of the Amigo Components;386
43.4;Advantages of the Amigo Solution;388
43.5;References;389
44;Sharing Intelligent Services between Homes;390
44.1;Introduction;390
44.2;Extended-Home Architecture;391
44.2.1;Trust Establishment between Homes;392
44.2.2;Publishing and Using Home Services in the Visited Environment;393
44.3;Conclusions;395
44.4;References;395
45;Amigo Aware Services;396
45.1;Introduction;396
45.2;Amigo-S Description Language;396
45.3;SD-SDCAE;397
45.4;Application Scenario;400
45.5;Additional Information;401
45.6;References;401
46;Ambient Communication and Context-Aware Presence Management;402
46.1;Introduction;402
46.2;Related Work;403
46.3;Presence Management Service;403
46.3.1;Presence Model;404
46.3.2;Implementation;404
46.4;Using the PMS in Ambience Sharing;406
46.5;Conclusions;407
46.6;References;407
47;Amigo Context Management Service with Applications in Ambient Communication Scenarios;408
47.1;Introduction;408
47.2;Scenario;409
47.3;Amigo Context Management Service;409
47.3.1;Amigo CMS Services;409
47.3.2;Context Sources;410
47.3.3;Context-Aware Applications;410
47.4;Acoustic Scene Analysis;411
47.4.1;Acoustic Position Estimation;411
47.4.2;Speaker Diarization;411
47.5;Ambient Communication;412
47.6;Discussion;413
47.7;References;413
48;Amigo Approach Towards Perceived Privacy;414
48.1;Introduction;414
48.2;Design Concept;415
48.2.1;Conceptual Model;416
48.2.2;Sharing Information;417
48.2.3;Presenting Context Information;418
48.3;Implementation;418
48.4;Discussion;419
48.5;References;421
49;Ontology Based Service Modelling for Composability in Smart Home Environments;422
49.1;Introduction;422
49.2;Architecture and Modularization Principles;423
49.3;Core Amigo Concepts;424
49.3.1;Amigo Platform and Device Domain Vocabularies;425
49.3.2;Multimedia Domain Vocabulary;426
49.4;Amigo Functional and Non-functional Capabilities Vocabularies;426
49.4.1;Functional Capabilities Vocabularies;427
49.4.2;Non-functional Capabilities Vocabularies;428
49.5;Interactive Ontology Visualization;429
49.6;Conclusions;430
49.7;References;430
50;Amigo Interoperability Framework: Dynamically Integrating Heterogeneous Devices and Services;432
50.1;Introduction;432
50.2;Interoperability Framework Description;433
50.3;Advantages of the Amigo Solution;435
50.4;New to This Approach;435
50.5;Conclusions;436
50.6;Additional Information;436
50.7;References;436
51;WASP – Wirelessly Accessible Sensor Populations: A Project Overview;437
51.1;A WASP Introduction;437
51.2;The WASP Research Topics;438
51.3;Summary;440
51.4;References;440
52;The WASP Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks;441
52.1;Introduction;441
52.2;Principles and Design Guidelines;443
52.3;Architecture and Design;444
52.4;Language;448
52.4.1;ECA-Rule Based Programming Model;448
52.4.2;Integrated .NET-Based Programming Model;452
52.5;OtherWASPAspects;454
52.6;Related Work;455
52.7;Conclusions;456
52.8;References;458
53;Conjoint PERSONA – SOPRANO Workshop;459
53.1;Introduction;459
53.2;Summary of PERSONA Presentations;460
53.2.1;PERSONA Overview;460
53.2.2;PERSONA User Experience Vision;461
53.2.3;PERSONA Requirements Collection;462
53.2.4;PERSONA Technological Goals, Approach, and Achievements;464
53.3;Summary of SOPRANO Presentations;468
53.3.1;SOPRANO Overview;468
53.3.2;The Need for Ambient Assisted Living;469
53.3.3;Use Case Development and Participatory Requirements Engineering;470
53.3.4;Ontology-Centered Design and Architecture;471
53.4;Summary and Outlook;474
53.5;References;474
54;KDubiq Workshop at the European Conference for Ambient Intelligence 2007;476
54.1;Organizers;476
54.2;What Is KDubiq?;476
54.3;WorkshopObjectives;477
55;Author Index;480