E-Book, Englisch, 348 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-61676-263-6
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Table of Contents;6
2;Sustainability, People and Places: An Agenda for the Future;10
3;I. Urban Change and Sustainability;16
3.1;Representation of the City and Image of the Centre in Two Different Urban Structures: A Modern and a Traditional Town;20
3.2;Social and Architectural Legibility of the City;34
3.3;City of Cent$ Formalization and Urban Change;47
3.4;Dubai: The Search for Identity;60
3.5;The Significance of the Memory of Urban Spaces;70
3.6;Village and Community: Social Models for Sustainable Urban Development?;77
3.7;Sustainable Urban Communities: History Defying Cultural Conflict;92
3.8;The Failure of Man- Environment Studies in Influencing Design Decisions;103
4;II. Community, Attachment and Identity;116
4.1;One Attachment Or More?;120
4.2;Cohousing as a Basis for Social Connectedness and Ecological Sustainability;132
4.3;Tradition, Change, and Continuity A Dialectical Analysis of Social and Spatial Patterns in the Home Environment;140
4.4;Sustainable Design A question of community (visual) awareness;155
4.5;Accessibility or obstacles? Children’s Independent Mobility and Valuation of the Outdoor Environment;170
4.6;Ethnic Food and Ethnic Enclaves;182
4.7;Unity or Fragmentation: Is There a Center in Person-Environment Studies?;193
5;III. Proximal and Specific Spaces;202
5.1;Work and Home: Spatial Implications of Income Generation in the Domestic Setting;205
5.2;The Influence of a Specific Urban Planning on Sonic Environment;218
5.3;The Predictors of the Feelings of Crowding and Crampedness in Large Residential Buildings;229
5.4;Post Occupancy Evaluation of University Educational Buildings;238
5.5;Social Sustainability and Changes in Environments Designed for Young Children The Case of the French Day- Care Centers;252
5.6;Occupational Accident Scenarios and Work Spaces in Industrial Environments;264
6;IV. Global Environment Issues and Ecological Behavior;276
6.1;Overcoming Expertocracy Through Sustainable Development: The Case of Wastewater;279
6.2;Myths of Nature and Environmental Management Strategies A Field Study on Energy Savings in Traffic and Transport;289
6.3;Environmental Attitudes and Diffusion of Innovations: The Energy Saving Case;300
6.4;Predicting Environmental Attitudes and Behavior;311
6.5;Activating and Inhibiting Psychological Factors Related to Sorting Behaviour of Household Waste;321
7;Authors;336
8;Index;344
9;Acknowledgments;346
10;More eBooks at www.ciando.com;0
Sustainable Design A question of community (visual) awareness (p. 146-147)
Ombretta Romice
There is general agreement on the advantages that design solutions based on local sensitivity and on the recognition of cultural, spatial and economical resources can have in comparison to more traditional and generalised planning/design approaches (Gifford, 1998; Sanoff, 1990).
The intent of the study is to combine design research and participation to generate a structure for the involvement of local communities in urban renewal that can contribute to the design of responsive environments, to the satisfaction of their users, to the development of a sense of civic responsibility and attachment to places and finally to a more sustainable use of available resources. This is pursued by encouraging the relation professional/ client to become more aware of reciprocal expertise and needs.
The base of the study is visual literacy, a form of involvement and progressive empowerment of "non-experts" in relation to the visual world (Raney, 1996), achieved by learning, sharing and communicating information through visuals. The field of action of visual literacy is the entire visual world, of which the built environment is part.
On these assumptions, visual literacy constitutes the framework for the development of this study.
Environmental Image and Visual Appearance
The study focuses on one aspect of the built environment – the quality of its visual dimension – and in particular the effects on people’s interaction with it, including perception, cognition, evaluation, and behaviour. The first concern is to identify the environmental characteristics, together with other societal and personal factors, that can affect those interactions.
A variety of studies has demonstrated the importance of the aesthetic dimension of visually perceivable environmental qualities; their findings are at the base of this study and organise its structure.
People’s response to visual qualities (Bourassa, 1991; Lowenthal, 1972), use of space (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1974, 1988; Russel, 1988), interest for and understanding of space (Groat, 1988), and attribution of meanings to space (Hershberger, 1972, 1974) has been proved to be largely affected by the aesthetic response that such environment stimulates in them. The demonstration that such responses largely differ among groups of perceivers (Groat, 1979; Hershberger, 1972; Hubbard, 1994, 1996) suggests that each group needs to be considered in design. Also, the effects of environmental quality are sometimes considered as a fundamental requisite in studies suggesting recommendations for new developments or describing existing estates (Newman, 1980; Sherman, 1988).
Empirical research has then studied the effects of the visual quality of the physical environment on human behaviour and well being, and to identify how such effects manifest themselves. The following attitudes and/or activities depend highly on environmental physical qualities: choice, frequency, modality of use of places (Berlyne, 1971; Downs, 1973; Coeterier, 1994; Hall, in Broadbent, 1987), reactions to places (Kuller, in Hesselgren, 1987) and habits (Lang, 1994; Mikellides, 1980). Also psychological and physiological states depend on them: well-being and fatigue (Maslow & Minz, 1956, in Broadbent, 1987), attachment to places, preferences for places (Groat, 1982; Hubbard, 1994, 1996; Wilson, 1996) self-esteem of users of spaces (Twigger-Ross & Uzzell, 1996), and sense of community and crime (Dias Lay & Tarcisio, 1994; Newman, 1972). Finally, perceptions, attitudes, states and reactions determine the nature of perceivers’ imageformation of the places used or observed (Dias Lay, 1994; Francescato & Mebane, 1969; Harrison, 1980; Lynch, 1960; Ramadier & Moser, 1998).
