Moore Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4684-0079-3
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 274 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Biomedical and Life Sciences

Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones is intended primarily as a textbook or major reference for a one-term ;intermediate-Ievel or ad vanced course dealing with hormonal regulation of growth and develop ment of seed plants for students majoring in biology, botany, and applied botany fields such as agronomy, forestry, and horticulture. Additionally, it should be useful to others who wish to become familiar with the topic in relation to their principal student or professional interests in related fields. It is assumed that readers will have a background in fundamental biology, plant physiology, and biochemistry. The dominant objective of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hor mones is to summarize, in a reasonably balanced and comprehensive way, the current state of our fundamental knowledge regarding the major kinds of hormones and the phytochrome pigment system. Written pri marily for students rather than researchers, the book is purposely brief. Biochemical aspects have been given priority intentionally, somewhat at the expense of physiological considerations. There are extensive citations ofthe literature-both old and recent-but, it is hoped, not so much docu mentation as to make the book difficult to read. The specific choices of publications to cite and illustrations to present were made for different reasons, often to illustrate historical development, sometimes to illustrate ideas that later proved invalid, occasionally to exemplify conflicting hy potheses, and most often to illustrate the current state of our knowledge about hormonal phenomena.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Moore, T.C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Introduction.- Fundamental Terms and Concepts.- Patterns and Kinetics of Growth in Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Whole Plants.- Mathematical Analyses of the Time Course of Growth.- Discontinuities in Growth, Growth Periodicities, and Problems of Relative Growth Rate.- Mechanisms Controlling Cellular Differentiation.- to Plant Hormones.- References.- 2 Auxins.- Brief History of Discovery.- Went’s Avena Coleoptile Curvature Test.- Early Isolations of IAA.- Synthetic Auxins.- Controversy Surrounding the Use of Certain Chlorophenoxy Acids as Herbicides and Defoliants.- Natural Occurrence of Auxins.- Auxin Biosynthesis.- “Free” and “Bound” Auxin.- Destruction of IAA.- Auxin Transport.- Relationships between Auxin Content and Growth.- Correlative Differences in Auxin Relations between Etiolated and Light-Grown and Dwarf and Normal Plants.- Mechanism of Auxin Action.- References.- 3 Gibberellins.- Brief History of Discovery.- Chemical Characterization of GAs.- Natural Occurrence of GAs.- GA Biosynthesis in Seeds.- GA Biosynthesis in Systems Other Than Seeds.- Effects of Light on GA Biosynthesis.- Interconversions of GAs.- Role of GAs in Dwarfism.- Other Aspects of GA Metabolism.- Quantitative Changes in GA Content during Development.- Sites of GA Biosynthesis in Seed Plants.- Transport of GA.- Anatomical and Biophysical Basis of GA-Induced Growth.- Mechanism of Action of GA.- References.- 4 Cytokinins.- History of Discovery.- Terminology.- Isolation of Kinetin and the Search for Other Naturally Occurring Cytokinins.- Discovery of Natural Cytokinins.- Effects of Cytokinins and Other Hormones in Organisms Other Than Seed Plants.- Structure/Activity Relationships of the Cytokinins.- Biosynthesis and Metabolism.- Mechanisms of Origin in tRNA.- Metabolic Consequences ofthe Presence of Cytokinins in tRNA.- Hormonal Activity of Free Cytokinins.- Effects on Moss Protonemata.- Some Physiological Effects on Seed Plants.- Translocation.- References.- 5 Abscisic Acid and Related Compounds.- History of Discovery.- Chemical Characterization.- Biosynthesis and Other Features of Metabolism.- Natural Occurrence of ABA.- Physiological Effects.- State of Chromatin in Dormant Tissues and the Mechanism of Action of ABA.- References.- 6 Ethylene.- Historical Background.- Ethylene and Fruit Ripening.- Interaction between Auxin and Ethylene.- Inhibition of Root Growth and Role in Root Geotropism.- Role in Emergence of Dicot Seedlings.- Effects of Ethylene on Planes of Cell Expansion.- Other Effects of Ethylene.- Ethylene Biosynthesis and Mechanism of Action.- References.- 7 Phytochrome.- History of Discovery and Modern Description.- Occurrence, Distribution, and Intracellular Localization.- Induction-Reversion versus High Irradiance Responses.- Non-Phytochrome Mediated Photoresponses to Blue Light.- to Mechanism of Phytochrome Action.- Phytochrome Action in Nonphotoperiodic Photoresponses.- Phytochrome and Photoperiodic (Flowering) Responses.- References.