Montano Translational Biology in Medicine

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-908818-65-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 41, 228 Seiten

Reihe: Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine

The recent emphasis in biomedical research on translational biology and personalized medicine is revolutionizing conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding and improving human health. Translational Biology in Medicine begins with an introduction to experimental model systems for disease, such as cell lines, primary cells, stem cells and animal models for disease, followed by a systematic description of genetic and genomic profiling and biomarker validation currently used in biomedical research. Examples of translation studies that have used these models and methods are presented, including studies in aging, tissue repair and chronic infection, each with an emphasis on how personalized medicine is transforming biomedicine. Bioethical considerations in translational study design and bioethical considerations in biomedical research are then covered, before concluding remarks, and a look towards the future of personalized medicine. - Describes cellular and animal model systems used in translational research - Discusses the use of blood, genetic and genomic biomarkers for disease - Presents translational studies in aging, tissue repair and infectious disease biomedicine

Dr Monty Montano is currently on the faculty at Harvard Medical School in the Department of Medicine. Dr Montano's laboratory is broadly interested in HIV infection, muscle wasting, fibrosis, and aging bioscience. Dr Montano is also the founder and president of MyoSyntax, a life sciences company focused on identifyingpersonalized supplements that optimize gains in and reduce losses of muscle mass.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Montano, M.

Leseproben

Abbreviations

AA amino acids

ABP athlete biological passport

ACTG AIDS Clinical Trials Group

ACTRIIB activin type IIB receptor

AIEC adherent invasive E. coli

AKT Protein kinase B

ALP alkaline phosphatase

ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AMPK 5'AMP-activated protein kinase

AR androgen receptor

ART antiretroviral therapy

AUC area under the curve

AZT azidothymidine

BADGE Bayesian Analysis of Differential Gene Expression

BAI1 brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1

BAT brown adipose tissue

BCAA branched-chain amino acids

BMI body mass index

BMP bone morphogenetic protein

C3 complement component 3

CA capsid

cART combination antiretroviral therapy

CCL C-C chemokine ligand

CCR C-C chemokine receptor

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDCV common disease–common variant

CHICO “small boy” in Spanish; chico mutant flies are smaller in size

CF cystic fibrosis

CHS cardiovascular health study

CK creatine kinase

CKD chronic kidney disease

CLF chronic liver failure

CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendment

CMV cytomegalovirus

COPAS Complex Object Parametric Analyzer and Sorter

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CR caloric restriction

CRO contract research organization

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

CT computed tomography

CTD carboxy-terminal domain

CTGF connective tissue growth factor

CTU clinical trials unit

CVD cardiovascular disease

CXCR2 C-X-C chemokine receptor 2

DC dendritic cell

DHT dihydrotestosterone

DMD Duchenne MuscularDystrophy

DSMB Data and Safety Monitoring Board

dsRNA double-stranded RNA

ECM extracellular matrix

EHR electronic health record

ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ELMO engulfment and cell motility

EMR electronic medical record

ESCs embryonic stem cells

exRNA extracellular RNA

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FGF fibroblast growth factor

FN false negative

FP false positive

FudR fluorodeoxyuridine

GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue

GDF growth differentiation factor

GH growth hormone

GLUT4 glucose transporter 4

GPCR G-protein coupled receptor

GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3

GTPase GTP hydrolase

GWAS genome-wide association study

HA hyaluronic acid

HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy

HAI healthy aging index

HCV hepatitis C virus

HDAC4 histone deacetylase 4

HDACi histone deacetylase inhibitor

HGF hepatocyte growth factor

HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HLA human leukocyte antigen

HMBA hexamethylenebisacetamide

HPG hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal

HSD 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

HSV herpes simplex virus

HTS high-throughput compound screening

IACUC institutional animal care and use committee

IBD inflammatory bowel disease

ICCB Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology

IFN interferon

IGF insulin-like growth factor

IL-2 interleukin-2

InR insulin-like receptor

INSR insulin receptor

iPS induced pluripotent stem (cells)

IR insulin resistance

IRB Institutional Review Board

IRS insulin receptor substrate

IT information technology

IVT in vitro translated

JAK Janus kinase

KS Kaposi’s sarcoma

LA/VP levator ani muscle and ventral prostate weight

LAT1 L-type amino acid transporter 1

LC Langerhans cell

LPS lipo-polysaccharide

LTR HIV-1 promoter

MA matrix

MAFBx Muscle Atrophy F-Box

MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase

MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1

MDC macrophage-derived chemokine

MHC major histocompatibility complex

miRNA microRNA

MMP matrix metalloproteinase

MnSOD manganese superoxide dismutase

MPCs muscle precursor cells (satellite cells)

MRCA most recent common ancestor

MRF myogenic regulatory factor

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

MSTN myostatin

mtDNA mitochondrial DNA

mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin

mTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

MuRF1 Muscle Ring Finger-1

MyoD myogenic differentiation 1

NCGC NIH Chemical Genomics Center

NECS New England Centenarian Study

NFAT-c nuclear factor of activated T cells-c

NGS next-generation sequencing

NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NHP non-human primate

NIH National Institutes of Health

NMJ neuromuscular junction

NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

NOS nitric oxide synthase

NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

OHARA Oral HIV-1/AIDS Research Alliance

OTC over-the-counter

oxLDL oxidized low-density lipoprotein

OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation

P3NP procollagen N-terminal peptide

PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PCR polymerase chain reaction

PD-1 programmed cell death...