Mollica / Preziosi / Rajagopal Modeling of Biological Materials

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-8176-4411-6
Verlag: Birkhäuser Boston
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 368 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology

One of the primary purposes and obligations of science, in addition to - derstandingnatureingeneralandlifeinparticular, istoassistinenhancing the quality and longevity of life, indeed a most daunting challenge. To be able to meaningfully meet the last of the above expectations, it is nec- sary to provide the practitioner of medicine with diagnostic and predictive capabilities that science will accord when its seemingly disparate parts are melded together and brought to bear on the problems that they face. The development of interdisciplinary activities involving the various basic sciences—biology, physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and their applied counterparts, engineering and technology—is a necessary key to unlocking the mysteries of medicine, which at the moment is a curious admixture of art, craft, and science. Signi?cant strides have been taken during the past decades for putting intoplaceamethodologythattakesintoaccounttheinterplayofthevarious basic sciences. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the role that mechanics has to play in the development of medical procedures. Thiscollectionofsurveyarticlesaddressestheroleofmechanicswithregard to advances in the medical sciences. In particular, these survey articles bring to one’s attention the central role played by mathematical modeling in general and the modeling of mechanical issues in particular that have a bearing on the biology, chemistry, and physics of living matter.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mollica, Francesco

Preziosi, Luigi

Rajagopal, K. R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Rheology of Living Materials.- Biochemical and Biomechanical Aspects of Blood Flow.- Theoretical Modeling of Enlarging Intracranial Aneurysms.- Theoretical Modeling of Cyclically Loaded, Biodegradable Cylinders.- Regulation of Hemostatic System Function by Biochemical and Mechanical Factors.- Mechanical Properties of Human Mineralized Connective Tissues.- Mechanics in Tumor Growth.- Inhomogeneities in Biological Membranes.

Leseproben

2 Biochemical and Biomechanical Aspects of Blood Flow (p. 33-34)

M. Thiriet

REO team
Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, UMR CNRS 7598,
Universit´e Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75252 Paris cedex 05, and
INRIA, BP 105, F-78153 Le Chesnay Cedex.

Abstract. The blood vital functions are adaptative and strongly regulated. The various processes associated with the .owing blood involve multiple space and time scales. Biochemical and biomechanical aspects of the human blood circulation are indeed strongly coupled. The functioning of the heart, the transduction of mechanical stresses applied by the .owing blood on the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall, gives examples of the links between biochemistry and biomechanics in the physiology of the cardiovascular system and its regulation. The remodeling of the vessel of any site of the vasculature (blood vessels, heart) when the blood pressure increases, the angiogenesis, which occurs in tumors or which shunts a stenosed artery, illustrates pathophysiological processes. Moreover, focal wall pathologies, with the dysfunction of its biochemical machinery, such as lumen dilations (aneurisms) or narrowings (stenoses), are stress-dependent. This review is aimed at emphasizing the multidisciplinary aspects of investigations of multiple aspects of the blood flow.

2.1 Introduction

Biomechanics investigates the cardiovascular system by means of mechanical laws and principles. Biomechanical research related to the blood circulation is involved

1. In the motion of human beings, such as gait (blood supply, venous return in transiently compressed veins)
2. In organ rheology influenced by blood perfusion
3. In heat and mass transfer, especially in the context of mini-invasive therapy of tumors
4. Cell and tissue engineering
5. In the design of surgical repair and implantable medical devices

Macroscale biomechanical model of the cardiovascular system have been carried out with multiple goals:

1. Prediction
2. Development of pedagogical and medical tools
3. Computations of quantities inaccessible to measurements
4. Control
5. Optimization

In addition, macroscale simulations deal with subject-specific geometries, because of a high between-subject variability in anatomy, whatever the image-based approaches, either numerical and experimental methods, using stereolithography. The research indeed aims at developing computerassisted medical and surgical tools in order to learn, to explore, to plan, to guide, and to train to perform the tasks during interventional medicine and mini-invasive surgery. However, this last topic is beyond the goal of the present review.