Michell / Perry Fluid and Particle Mechanics

Chemical Engineering Division
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3615-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 350 Seiten, Web PDF

Fluid and Particle Mechanics provides information pertinent to hydraulics or fluid mechanics. This book discusses the properties and behavior of liquids and gases in motion and at rest. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the science of fluid mechanics that is subdivided accordingly into two main branches, namely, fluid statics and fluid dynamics. This text then examines the flowmeter devices used for the measurement of flow of liquids and gases. Other chapters consider the principle of resistance in open channel flow, which is based on improper application of the Torricellian law of efflux. This book discusses as well the use of centrifugal pumps for exchanging energy between a mechanical system and a liquid. The final chapter deals with the theory of settling, which finds an extensive application in several industrially important processes. This book is a valuable resource for chemical engineers, students, and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Michell, S. J.

Perry, M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Fluid and Particle Mechanics;2
3;Copyright Page;3
4;Table of Contents;4
5;PREFACE;7
6;CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES;8
6.1;1.1. Historical Outline;8
6.2;1.2. Kinematics;11
6.3;1.3. Units and Dimensions;12
6.4;1.4. Force, Mass and Weight;14
6.5;1.5. Density;16
6.6;1.6. Pressure and Pressure Head;19
6.7;1.7. Classification of Fluids;20
6.8;1.8. Viscosity;21
6.9;1.9. The Reynolds Number;28
6.10;1.10. Momentum;30
6.11;1.11. Kinetic Energy and Velocity Head;34
6.12;1.12. The Equation of Continuity;38
6.13;1.13. Bernoulli's Theorem;39
6.14;1.14. The Flow Equation;42
6.15;1.15. Hydraulic Gradient;44
6.16;1.16. The Coefficient of Discharge;46
6.17;1.17. The Concept of the Boundary Layer and its Significance;52
6.18;1.18. Dimensional Analysis;55
6.19;Problems;58
7;CHAPTER 2. FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES;60
7.1;2.1· Classification of Flowmeters;60
7.2;2.2. Manometers;61
7.3;2.3. Inverted U-tube;67
7.4;2.4. The Draught-gauge;69
7.5;2.5. Venturi Meter;69
7.6;2.6. Orifice and Nozzle Meters;74
7.7;2.7. The Pitot Tube;77
7.8;2.8. Area Meters;79
7.9;2.9. Thermal and Dilution Meters;83
7.10;Problems;87
8;CHAPTER 3. FLOW IN PIPES;89
8.1;3.1. Basic Resistance Equation;89
8.2;3.2. The Darcy Equation;93
8.3;3.3. The Poiseuille Equation;99
8.4;3.4. Pipe Roughness. Moody Friction Diagram;101
8.5;3.5. Flow through Gradually Changing Sections;106
8.6;3.6. Flow through Suddenly Changing Sections;107
8.7;3.7. Loss of Head in Pipe Fittings;113
8.8;3.8. Siphoning;116
8.9;3.9. Parallel Flow in Pipes;120
8.10;3.10. Branched Pipes;122
8.11;3.11. Average and Point Velocities in Pipes;124
8.12;3.12. Economical Pipe Diameter;130
8.13;Problems;133
9;CHAPTER 4. OPEN CHANNELS;135
9.1;4.1. The Chèzy Equation;135
9.2;4.2. Circular Channels;138
9.3;4.3. The Chèzy Coefficient;141
9.4;4.4. Optimisation in Open Channels;143
9.5;4.5. Optimum Proportions of Rectangular Channels;144
9.6;4.6. Optimum Proportions of Trapezoidal Channels;145
9.7;4.7. Maximum Discharge through a Circular Section;148
9.8;4.8. Weirs and Notches;150
9.9;4.9. Rectangular Weirs and Notches;152
9.10;4.10. V-notch;154
9.11;4.11. Flow at Variable Depth;156
9.12;4.12. Specific Head;160
9.13;4.13. Energy Loss in Hydraulic Jump;165
9.14;4.14. Broad-crested Weirs;168
9.15;Problems;169
10;CHAPTER 5. VARIABLE FLOW;171
10.1;5.1. Flow through Perforated Pipes;171
10.2;5.2. Variable Flow through Orifices and Weirs;175
10.3;5.3. Variable Flow through a Submerged Orifice;179
10.4;5.4. Emptying Tanks through Pipes;182
10.5;5.5 Discharge with Inflow;183
10.6;Problems;187
11;CHAPTER 6. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS;189
11.1;6.1. Conversion of Velocity Head into Pressure Head;189
11.2;6.2. Velocity Diagrams;190
11.3;6.3. Theoretical Work and Head;191
11.4;6.4. The Manometric Head;194
11.5;6.5. The Capacity of Centrifugal Pumps;195
11.6;6.6 Pressure Rise through Impeller;199
11.7;6.7. Multi-stage Pumps;202
11.8;6.8. Fans;203
11.9;6.9. Geometrical and Dynamical Similarity of Centrifugal Pumps;205
11.10;6.10. Specific Speed;209
11.11;Problems;211
12;CHAPTER 7. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW;214
12.1;7.1. Mach Number;214
12.2;7.2. Sonic Velocity;215
12.3;7.3. Pressure Drop in Long Pipes;217
12.4;7.4. Pressure Drop in Short Pipes;220
12.5;7.5. Variable-area Flow;222
12.6;7.6. Subsonic Flow in Nozzles;224
12.7;7.7. Critical Pressure Ratio;226
12.8;7.8. Sonic Flow in Nozzles;229
12.9;7.9. Variable Flow;230
12.10;7.10. Pneumatic Conveying;234
12.11;Problems;238
13;CHAPTER 8. FLOW THROUGH EQUIPMENT;240
13.1;8.1. Pressure Drop outside Tubes;240
13.2;8.2. The Chimney Effect;245
13.3;8.3. Pressure Drop through Beds of Solid Particles;250
13.4;8.4. Kozeny's Hydraulic Model;253
13.5;8.5. The Carman-Kozeny Equation;256
13.6;8.6. Specific Surface of Packed Beds;261
13.7;8.7. Filtration;263
13.8;8.8. The Theory of Filtration;264
13.9;8.9. Washing in a Centrifuge;274
13.10;8.10. Optimisation in Filtration;278
13.11;8.11. Packed Columns;281
13.12;8.12. Pressure Drop in Packed Columns;284
13.13;8.13. Economic Gas Velocity in Absorption Columns;287
13.14;Problems;291
14;CHAPTER 9. PARTICLE DYNAMICS;295
14.1;9.1. The Stokes Equation;296
14.2;9.2. The Drag Factor;300
14.3;9.3. The tpRe2 Diagram;303
14.4;9.4. Hindered Settling;305
14.5;9.5. Classification of Particles;309
14.6;9.6. Continuous Sedimentation;314
14.7;9.7. Centrifugal Clarification;319
14.8;9.8. Separation in Cyclones;322
14.9;9.9. Fluidisation;325
14.10;9.10. Accelerated Motion in Free Settling;328
14.11;Problems;333
15;NOTATION;335
16;REFERENCES;339
17;THE SI UNITS;341
18;INDEX;344