The Six-Attribute Model as an Empirical Approach to Field Terminology
Buch, Englisch, 189 Seiten, Format (B × H): 150 mm x 210 mm, Gewicht: 260 g
ISBN: 978-3-9807316-0-7
Verlag: Bittmann, H
For a surprisingly long time, the research field which is known today as Martial Arts Studies has flown under the radar of Western sport sciences in comparison to its bold representation in the media (mma, boxing, wrestling).
As soon as various authors and martial artists started to get a general idea of the whole spectrum of martial arts, the fundamental question arose how to formulate the specific characteristics which encompass martial arts all over the world. The problem arose how to merge historically, culturally and linguistically different terminological concepts.
In this book, firstly the author outlines former attempts of defining martial arts and highlights several core challenges which have hindered to conceptualise martial arts definitions. Secondly, he sets up a new scientific approach to the definition problem by combining empirical, hermeneutical and phenomenological resources. Lastly, the author develops an academically valuable definition model which constitutes a framework of attributes to support researchers who proceed to classify martial arts and similar phenomena.
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CONTENTS
Preface 9
Chapter 1: The Discussion about Defining Martial Arts 13
Introduction 13
Poststructural cul-de-sac 13
The need for definition 16
Central definition problems 18
1. Where does martial arts begin and end? 19
2. What is the role of combat as part of martial arts? 20
3. Which and how many terms are used? 24
Conclusion 35
Chapter 2: Empirical Study 37
Premise of the empirical study 37
Research design 37
Sampling 42
Results of the descriptive analysis 42
Classification as martial arts 54
Classification as Kampfkunst 54
Classification as combat sports 55
Classification as Kampfsport 56
Conclusions of the descriptive analysis 57
Results of the factor analysis 58
Procedure of the factor analysis 58
When are activities classified as fight systems? 60
When are activities classified as martial arts? 69
When are activities classified as Kampfkunst? 76
When are activities classified as combat sports? 82
When are activities classified as Kampfsport? 90
Empirical study results summary 96
What defines martial arts and Kampfkunst? 96
What defines combat sports and Kampfsport? 97
What defines fight systems? 98
Summary 99
Methodological reflection 100
Discussion 101
Chapter 3: Characteristics Analysis 103
Utilisation of traditional cold weapons 103
Historical tradition 106
Utilisation of visually distinguished fight techniques 108
Sports rules and competition 115
Existence of spiritual constructs, symbols or artefacts 122
Chapter 4: Theorisation of the Six-Attribute Model 127
Description of the six-attribute model 128
I. Embodied human combat 130
Human combat 130
Embodied performance 130
II. Unarmed or cold armament 131
Commentary on the first two attributes 134
III. Doctrine of a master reality (paradigmatic application scenario) 134
Complexity reduction 135
Asymptotic realism and reality drive 136
Mechanisms for overcoming reality gaps 138
IV. Fight culture identity 143
Hegemony of the fight culture identity 144
Symbolic elimination of the opponent’s fighting ability 146
Genesis of the fight culture identity 149
V. Systematisation through trial and transmission 150
The combat laboratory 151
Transmission 153
Genesis of principles 154
Normative framework 155
Systemic autonomy and institutionalisation 158
VI. Autoimmunity 161
Applying the model: lightsaber combat 167
Summary and outlook 175
Appendix 177
List of tables 177
List of figures 179
References 180
