How Polarization Begets Polarization

Ideological Extremism in the US Congress
Erscheinungsjahr 2023
ISBN: 978-0-19-774522-9
Verlag: Oxford University Press

Buch, Englisch, 194 Seiten, Print PDF, Format (B × H): 235 mm x 156 mm, Gewicht: 413 g

Extreme polarization in American politics--and especially in the U.S. Congress--is perhaps the most confounding political phenomenon of our time. This book binds together polarization in Congress and polarization in the electorate within an ever-expanding feedback loop. This loop is powered by the discipline exerted by the respective political parties on their Congressional members and district candidates and endorsed by the voters in each Congressional district who must choose between the alternatives offered. These alternatives are just as extreme in competitive as in lop-sided districts. Tight national party discipline produces party delegations in Congress that are widely separated from one another but each ideologically narrowly distributed.

As district constituencies become more polarized and are egged on by activists, parties are further motivated to move past a threshold and appeal to their respective bases rather than to voters in the ideological center. America has indeed acquired parties with clear platforms--once thought to be a desirable goal--but these parties are now feuding camps. What resolution might there be? Just as the progressive movement slowly replaced the Gilded Age, might a new reform effort replace the current squabble? Or could an asymmetry develop in the partisan constraints that would lead to ascendancy of the center, or might a new and over-riding issue generate a cross-cutting dimension, opening the door to a new politics? Only the future will tell.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Merrill III, Samuel

Grofman, Bernard

Brunell, Thomas L.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Systeme Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Acknowledgements

- Part I: Where Did Polarization Come From and Why is it Getting Worse?

- Chapter 1. Making Sense of Polarization

- Chapter 2. How Does Party Discipline Generate Polarization?

- Chapter 3. Why, Even in Highly Competitive Districts, Are Candidate Positions so Different?

- Chapter 4. Heterogeneity across Districts and Within-district Partisan Gap and Proclivity

- Part II: Conseqences of Polarization

- Chapter 5. How Do Party Loyalty and Activist Influence Foster Mobilizing the Base?

- Chapter 6. Consequences of Polarized Politics

- Chapter 7. Discussion and Conclusions

- Appendices

- Appendix to Chapter 1: Literature Review on Causes of Polarization

- Appendix to Chapter 2: The Party-constraint Model

- Appendix to Chapter 3: Relation between Candidate and District Ideology: Statistical and Theoretical Analyses

- Appendix to Chapter 4: Components of Legislative Polarization

- Appendix to Chapter 5: Derivations for the Appeal-to-the-Base Model

- Appendix to Chapter 6: Derivations relating to Chamber and Party Medians

- Bibliography

Über Autor(innen)

Samuel Merrill III has served as a professor of mathematics at the University of Rochester and Wilkes University. He received a PhD in Mathematics from Yale University and an MS in Statistics from Pennsylvania State University.

Bernard Grofman is Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine and the inaugural Jack W. Peltason Chair of Democracy Studies at the University of California, Irvine.

Thomas L. Brunell is Professor of Political Science University of Texas at Dallas