Microfabricated Cortical Neuroprostheses

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4398-3754-2
Verlag: EPFL Press

Buch, Englisch, 250 Seiten, Format (B × H): 164 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 564 g

The use of neural implants for stimulation and recording show excellent promise in restoring certain functions to the central nervous system; and neuroprostheses remains one of the most important tools of neuroscientists for the elucidation of the brain's function. Ailments such as Parkinson's disease, obesity, blindness, and epilepsy are being studied from this angle. Development of better electrodes for recording and stimulation is therefore critical to ensure continuing progress in this field.
This book addresses one of the main clinical complications with the use of electrodes, namely the reaction of the neurological tissue in the immediate vicinity of an implanted device. The authors describe new techniques for assessing this phenomenon, as well as new microfabrication techniques to impede the inflammatory response of the brain. Inflammation can adversely effect these devices, limiting their lifetime and reducing their effectiveness. The measurement protocols and improved fabrication protocols described within these pages will become standard tools in the future of neuroprostheses.

The authorholds two U.S. patents on microassembly and is alsoa Review Editor for Frontiers in Neuroengineering.

Zielgruppe

Biomedical device and prothesis designers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mercanzini, Andre

Mercanzini, André

Renaud, Philippe

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Medizintechnik, Biomedizintechnik, Medizinische Werkstoffe
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Medizintechnik, Biomedizintechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

IntroductionScope Problem Statement: The Tissue Reaction to Implanted NeuroprosthesesThe Initial Response The Sustained ResponseEffect of Tissue Reaction on Recording and StimulationTissue Reaction Reduction Methods Literature ReviewThin-Film Microelectrode TechnologyElectrical Impedance SpectroscopyControlled Release PolymersTechnology Position With Respect to State of the Art Research Objectives LimitationsStructureReferencesMicrofabrication Techniques for NeuroprosthesesIntroductionMicroelectrode ArraysMicrofabrication TechniquesDevice PackagingElectrical CharacterizationMicrofluidic ChannelsDevice ResultsConclusionNeural Recording and StimulationIntroductionThe Neurophysiological Basis of RecordingDetection of BiopotentialsScaling of Electrodes and NoiseThe Neurophysiological Basis of StimulationApplications of Neural RecordingThe Somatosensory CortexChronic Hippocampus RecordingsChronic Auditory Cortex Recordings Applications of Neural StimulationCochlear and Modiolus StimulationRetinal StimulationConclusionReferencesin vivo Electrical Impedance SpectroscopyIntroductionMaterials and MethodsImplantable Microelectrode Array FabricationElectrode-Tissue Interface ModellingPeak Resistance Frequency Method SimulationAnimal Implantation Procedure in vivo Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Histology Results in vivo Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Histology Discussion Conclusion References Controlled Release Drug CoatingsIntroduction Materials and Methods Microelectrode Array Fabrication Nanoparticle-PEO Coating Synthesis Implantation in vivo Impedance Measurements Histology Results Nanoparticle-PEO Coating Synthesis in vivo Impedance Comparison Qualitative Histological Comparison Discussion Conclusion ReferencesConclusionSummary of Main Results Significance of Contribution to Knowledge Future PerspectivesReferences

Über Autor(innen)

André Mercanzini has experience in both academic and industrial research environments, having developed MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) for a wide range of applications. He has held internships at the Institute for Biomedical Engineering (University of Toronto), the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), the Zyvex Corporation, and at Bosch Research in Palo Alto, California where he developed silicon processes for the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility. He holds two issued US patents on microassembly and has two patents pending on neurostimulation devices. André received his Ph.D. in bioengineering from the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in 2009

Philippe Renaud is Professor at the Microsystem Laboratory (LMIS4) at the EPFL and scientific director of the EPFL Center of MicroNanoTechnology (CMI). His main research area is related to micronano technologies in biomedical applications (BioMEMS) with emphasis on cell-chips, nanofluidics and bioelectronics. After receiving his Ph.D. degree from the University of Lausanne (1988), he was a postdoctoral fellow at University of California, Berkeley, and then at the IBM Zürich Research Laboratory in Switzerland, before joining the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM) at Neuchâtel, Switzerland in 1992. He has been at the EPFL since 1994. Dr. Renaud is active in several scientific committees (scientific journals, international conferences, scientific advisory boards of companies) and is deeply involved in several high-tech start-up companies.