Meadows / Ter Haar Early Solar Physics

The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5658-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 320 Seiten, Web PDF

Early Solar Physics reviews developments in solar physics, particularly the advent of solar spectroscopy and the discovery of relationships between the various layers of the solar atmosphere and between the different forms of solar activity. Topics covered include solar observations during 1843; chemical analysis of the solar atmosphere; the spectrum of a solar prominence; and the solar eclipse of December 12, 1871. Spectroscopic observations of the sun are also presented. This book is comprised of 30 chapters and begins with an overview of ideas about the sun in the mid-nineteenth century, followed by a summary of progress in astronomy between 1850 and 1900, including observations of the solar surface, sunspots, and solar flares. The founding of the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory is cited. Observations of the sun made with solar spectroscopy are presented, including those of the sun's temperature. The results of a detailed examination of spectra photographed during the solar eclipse of January 22, 1898 are also discussed. The final chapter examines the magnetic properties of the earth and sun. This monograph will be a useful resource for astronomers, astrophysicists, and those interested in discovering many aspects of the sun.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Meadows, A. J.

Ter Haar, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Early Solar Physics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;8
6;Part I;10
6.1;CHAPTER I. Ideas of the Sun in the Mid-Nineteenth Century;12
6.2;CHAPTER II. The New Astronomy (1850-1900);29
6.2.1;Solar Spectroscopy;29
6.2.2;Observation of the Solar Surface;37
6.2.3;Sunspots;41
6.2.4;Solar Flares;54
6.2.5;The Temperature of the Solar Surface;57
6.2.6;The Chromosphere, the Prominences and the Corona;62
6.2.7;Lockyer's Investigations of the Solar Atmosphere;82
6.2.8;The Structure and Energy Source of the Sun;90
6.3;CHAPTER III. The New Era In Solar Physics;92
6.3.1;The Nature of the Photosphere;92
6.3.2;The Mount Wilson Solar Observatory;94
6.3.3;References;98
7;Part 2;102
7.1;Chapter 1. Solar Observations During 1843;104
7.2;Chapter 2. Observations on the Sun's Store of Force;108
7.3;Chapter 3. On the Chemical Analysis of the Solar Atmosphere;112
7.4;Chapter 4. On a New Proposition In the Theory of Heat;116
7.5;Chapter 5. Summary of Some of the Results obtained at Cocanada, during the Eclipse last August, and Afterwards. A letter from P. J. C. Janssen to the Permanent Secretary;126
7.6;Chapter 6. Notice of an Observation of the Spectrum of a Solar Prominence;128
7.7;Chapter 7. Results of the Spectro- Analytical Observations at Bothkamp Observatory;130
7.7.1;1. Spectral Investigations of the Sun;131
7.8;Chapter 8. On a new Method of Observing Contacts at the Sun's Limb, and Other Spectroscopic Observations during the Recent Eclipse;134
7.9;Chapter 9. Notes on Recent Progress in Solar Physics;144
7.9.1;The Observations;150
7.9.2;Discussion;152
7.9.3;Photographic Processes;170
7.9.4;Shapes of Granular Elements;174
7.9.5;Origin of Granulations;174
7.10;Chapter 10. On the Distribution of the Solar Spots in Latitude since the Beginning of the Year 1854;182
7.11;Chapter 11. Spectroscopic Observations of the Sun;186
7.12;Chapter 12. Spectroscopic Notes;190
7.13;Chapter 13. Description of a Singular Appearance seen in the Sun on September 1,1859;194
7.14;Chapter 14. On a Curious Appearance seen in the Sun;198
7.15;Chapter 15. The Effective Temperature of the Sun;200
7.16;Chapter 16. Spectroscopic Observations of the Sun. lll;206
7.16.1;Addendum;211
7.17;Chapter 17. Preliminary Note of Researches on Gaseous Spectra in relation to the Physical Constitution of the Sun;216
7.18;Chapter 18. The New Spectrum;220
7.19;Chapter 19. Spectroscopic Observations;234
7.20;Chapter 20. Observations on the Solar Eclipse of 12 Dec. 1871;236
7.21;Chapter 21. The Wave-length of the Green Coronal Line and Other Data Resulting from an Attempt to Determine the Law of Rotation of the Solar Corona;238
7.22;Chapter 22. Spectroscopic Observations of the Sun IV;246
7.22.1;Addendum;247
7.23;Chapter 23. The Spectroheliograph;250
7.24;Chapter 24. Wave-Length Determinations and General Results obtained from a Detailed Examination of Spectra photographed at the Solar Eclipse of January 22,1898;264
7.24.1;General Results and Conclusions;265
7.25;Chapter 25. On the Theoretical Temperature of the Sun; under the Hypothesis of a Gaseous Mass maintaining its Volume by its Internal Heat, and depending on the Laws of Gases as known to Terrestrial Experiment;270
7.26;Chapter 26. Concerning the Equilibrum of the Solar Atmosphère;290
7.26.1;1. Summary;290
7.26.2;2. Different Kinds of Equilibrium;291
7.26.3;3. Stability of Radiative Equilibrium;297
7.26.4;4. Brightness Distribution over the Solar Disc;297
7.27;Chapter 27. The Earth and Sun as Magnets;304
8;Index;322