Ocean Waves Breaking and Marine Aerosol Fluxes

2007. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-36638-8
Verlag: Springer

Buch, Englisch, Band 38, 316 Seiten, Format (B × H): 167 mm x 242 mm, Gewicht: 1450 g

Reihe: Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library

The atmosphere and the ocean form a coupled system which exchanges heat, momentum and water at the air–sea interface. The interface is dynamic and masses and energy are continually transferred across the air–sea interface. The energy ?ow from the atmosphere to the ocean generates an aerodynamically rough sea surface. If the energy ?ow is su?ciently intense, at some points the surface waves will lose their stability and eventually break. Breaking is a very localized and non-stationary phenomenon that is a source of vorticity and turbulence. Dissipated energy becomes available for mixing the water layers and for whitecapping of various scales. Whitecapping is a strongly nonlinear process, which involves instability of the surface waves with space and time scales several orders of magnitude smaller than those associated with gravity wave motion. Whitecaps are usually formed at or near the crests of the larger waves and occur in groups with successive crests breaking downwind of one another. Wave breaking is the dominant generator of the ‘primary’ marine aerosol (sea salt) and it is a major factor in the air–sea exchange of gases (including carbon dioxide). Most of the aerosol generated from natural waters is in the form of jet and ?lm drops from the bursting of air bubbles (Monahan and Van Patten, 1989). The enriched aerosols associated with the ejected droplets are very - portant in maintaining a source of salt-laden cloud condensation nuclei as well asinterfacial?uxesoftraceconstituents,includingbacteria,viruses,heavym- als, radioactivity and organic material (Kerman, 1986).

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Massel, Stanislaw R

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Umweltgeologie, Geoökologie
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Marine Geologie, Ozeanographie (Meereskunde)
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Strömungslehre
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Mechanik Kontinuumsmechanik, Strömungslehre
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Mechanik Klassische Mechanik, Newtonsche Mechanik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Angewandte Ökologie
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Meteorologie, Klimatologie
• Geowissenschaften Geographie | Raumplanung Geodäsie, Kartographie, GIS, Fernerkundung
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Luftreinhaltung
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geodäsie, Kartographie, Fernerkundung
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Ökologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Basic processes near the air—sea interface.- Mechanics of steep and breaking waves.- Spectral and statistical properties of ocean waves.- Experimental insights into mechanisms of wave breaking.- Wave breaking criteria and probability of breaking.- Energy dissipation due to wave breaking.- Whitecap coverage of the sea surface.- Fundamentals of marine aerosols.- Marine aerosol fluxes.- Aerosol flux as a function of sea state parameters.- Seasonal dependence of aerosol fluxes in the Baltic Sea.

Über Autor(innen)

Stanislaw Massel is currently a professor and the Director of the Institute of Oceanology in Sopot Poland.