Martin Design of Work in Automated Manufacturing Systems

Proceedings of the IFAC Workshop, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany, 7-9 November 1983
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5538-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 184 Seiten, Web PDF

Design of Work in Automated Manufacturing Systems focuses on the need to improve the working conditions in the workplace while at same time putting emphasis on the use of technologies in various industries. The book takes into account how automation has altered the operations of small- and medium-sized firms. The text then presents a comparison of the use of computer-controlled applications in different countries and industries, as well as how these applications have influenced the working conditions of workers as well as the division of work in the workplace. The changes that manufacturing industries have undergone and the adjustments that were made in adopting the use of automated manufacturing systems are also highlighted. Also noted are the changes that computer-aided production systems have done on engineering, including the observation that workers can effectively work in an environment that is partially controlled by computer-controlled applications. However, the text also notes that organizational problems have evolved in firms that have adopted computer-controlled applications. The book can be a source of information for social scientists and those involved in developing computer-controlled applications in organizations.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Martin, T.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Design of Work in Automated Manufacturing Systems;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PREFACE;8
6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;9
7;Chapter 1. AUTOMATION, EVOLUTION OF SKILLS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED FIRMS: THE CASE OF NUMERICAL CONTROL;14
7.1;INTRODUCTION;14
7.2;THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IN PROGRAMMING;15
7.3;CONCLUSION;18
7.4;REFERENCES (in french);18
8;Chapter 2. COMPANY SIZE AND WORK ORGANIZATION IN CNC MACHINING;20
8.1;INTRODUCTION;20
8.2;WORK ORGANIZATION AND QUALIFICATION STRUCTURE UNDER CNC;20
8.3;ANGLO-GERMAN DIFFERENCES;22
8.4;STRATEGIES TO MEET SOCIOECONOMIC CHALLENGES;23
8.5;CONCLUSIONS;23
8.6;REFERENCES;24
9;Chapter 3. REVIEW OF APPLICATION AND OPERATION EXPERIENCE WITH AN AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM FOR DRILLING OF TRUCK FRAMES;26
9.1;THE LOGIC OF CNC APPLICATION;26
9.2;TECHNICAL CHANGE BY COMPUTERIZED TECHNOLOGY;26
9.3;CHANGING OF TASKS;26
9.4;FACTORS OF STRAIN UNDER TECHNICAL CHANGE;27
9.5;STRATEGIES OF DESIGN;27
9.6;CONCLUSIONS;28
9.7;TECHNICAL CHANGE BY INTEGRATION;28
9.8;REFERENCES;29
10;Chapter 4. DIVISION OF LABOUR AND DISTRIBUTION OF TACIT KNOWLEDGE IN THE AUTOMATION OF METAL MACHINING1;32
10.1;Abstract;32
10.2;Keywords;32
10.3;Introduction;32
10.4;1. Tacit Knowledge and Forms of Representation.;32
10.5;2. The Division of Labour and The Articulation of Knowledge - An Illustration.;33
10.6;3. Utlising Tacit Craft Knowledge in Computer-Automated Systems.;34
10.7;References and Acknowledgements.;35
11;Chapter 5. DESIGN OF MAN-MACHINE INTERFACES AND WORK CONTENT IN A CONTAINER TRANSFER PROCESS;36
11.1;GENERAL REMARKS;36
11.2;THE BEGINNING OF THE DESIGN PROCESS;36
11.3;THE FIRST WORKING PLACES APPEAR;37
11.4;WE NEED VEHICLE DRIVERS;37
11.5;FLEXIBLE WORK CONTENT BY VARIOUS MODES OF AUTOMATION;38
11.6;RELIABLE INTERFACE COMMUNICATION BY THE USE OF PETRI-NETS;39
11.7;SUITABLE WORK ORGANIZATION BY THE USE OF A SIMULATION OF THE CONTAINER TRANSFER PROCESS;39
11.8;FINAL REMARKS;40
11.9;REFERENCES;40
12;Chapter 6. REGULATION REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATION BARRIERS — TWO ASPECTS OF PARTIALIZED ACTION IN INDUSTRIAL WORK;42
12.1;INTRODUCTION;42
12.2;THEORETICAL APPROACH;42
12.3;INSTRUMENTS;43
12.4;REFERENCES;45
13;Chapter 7. GROUP TECHNOLOGY — A STRATEGY TOWARDS HIGHER QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE;46
13.1;INTRODUCTION: "THE ANACHRONISTIC FACTORY" (Williamson, 1972);46
13.2;STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF GT FOR QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE;48
13.3;EXAMPLES;50
13.4;CONCLUSIONS;51
13.5;REFERENCES;51
14;Chapter 8. FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION AND JOB DESIGN IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: CONCLUSIONS FROM A VISIT IN JAPAN;54
14.1;1. CHANGE IN MANUFACTURING OBJECTIVES;54
14.2;2. FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION;55
14.3;3. SOCIOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF FA;55
14.4;4. FMS IN JAPAN;55
14.5;5. SOME CONCLUSIONS;56
15;Chapter 9. WORK ORGANIZATION AND TRAINING IN A FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM — AN ALTERNATIVEA PPROACH;58
15.1;INTRODUCTION;58
15.2;HOMOGENEOUS JOB STRUCTURES - A CASE STUDY;58
15.3;CONCLUSION;60
15.4;REFERENCES;62
16;Chapter 10. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ALTERNATIVE COMPUTER-AIDED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM BATCH RUNS;64
16.1;INTRODUCTION;64
16.2;PARTIALIZED CENTRALLY CONTROLLED WORK ORGANISATION;65
16.3;INTEGRATED SELF-REGULATED WORK ORGANISATION;66
16.4;CONDITIONS OF VARIOUS FORMS OF WORK ORGANISATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM BATCH PRODUCTIONS;67
16.5;REFERENCES;68
17;Chapter 11. INTERACTIVE NEW DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION WITH JOINT CONSIDERATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CRITERIA: THE CASE OF A NEW ROLLING MILL PLANT;70
17.1;THE PROCESS OF DESIGN;70
17.2;THE WORK DESIGN;72
17.3;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;75
17.4;Bibliography;76
18;Chapter 12. THE DESIGNER AND HIS JOB IN THE FACE OF INTEGRATED CAD/CAM SYSTEMS;78
18.1;1. Introduction;78
18.2;2. Manual and computer-aided design;78
18.3;3. Division of labour with integrated CAD/CAM systems;81
18.4;4. Introducing CAD and CAM: Some viewpoints;82
18.5;5. Conclusions;83
18.6;6. References;83
19;Chapter 13. VANISHING, DIMINISHING OR REMAINING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE;84
19.1;INTRODUCTION;84
19.2;CRITERIA FOR A CASE STUDY;84
19.3;SCOPE OF CASE STUDY;85
19.4;THE PILOT PLANT;86
19.5;PROGRESS;87
19.6;REFERENCES;87
20;Chapter 14. AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTION CELL;88
20.1;INTRODUCTION;88
20.2;CHARACTERISTICS;89
20.3;EDP-FACILITIES;90
20.4;TRAINING;90
20.5;CONCLUSION;91
21;Chapter 15. THE AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTION ISLAND;92
21.1;1. Previous Situation;92
21.2;2. Autonomous Production Island (Fig. 3);93
22;Chapter 16. PARTICIPATION OF PRODUCTION STAFF TO TECHNICAL AND ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE: AMBITIONS AND LIMITS OF AN EXPERIENCE IN A CEMENT FACTORY;98
22.1;INTRODUCTION;98
22.2;SOCIAL EFFECTS OF AUTOMATION IN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY;98
22.3;THE MEANS FOR THE PARTICIPATORY EXPERIENCE;99
22.4;A POSITIVE EVALUATION OF THE WORKING-GROUPS;100
22.5;THE LIMITS OF THE STAFF PARTICIPATION;100
22.6;THE WEIGHT OF FIRM STRUCTURES;100
22.7;AMBIGUOUS AIMS FOR PARTICIPATION;101
22.8;CONCLUSION;101
22.9;REFERENCES;102
23;Chapter 17. WORKERS' PARTICIPATION IN DESIGN OF WORK: POSSIBILITIES, DIFFICULTIES, RECENT TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY;104
23.1;1. THE PREREQUISITES;104
23.2;2. THE MOST IMPORTANT OBSTACLES WHICH OBSTRUCT THE PARTICIPATION OF WORKERS IN THE DESIGN OF THEIR WORKING CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN INTERESTS.;106
23.3;3. FIRST EXPERIENCES GATHERED WITH, AND PROSPECTS FOR, WORKERS PARTICIPATION IN WORK DESIGN;106
23.4;REFERENCES;107
24;Chapter 18. WORKER PARTICIPATION IN THE DESIGN OF NEW TECHNOLOGY;110
24.1;INTRODUCTION;110
24.2;THE NORWEGIAN SCENE;110
24.3;FRAME OF REFERENCE;111
24.4;METHODOLOGY;111
24.5;THE INTENTION OF PARTICIPATION;111
24.6;THE PARTICIPANTS;112
24.7;THE PARTICIPATION PROCESS;112
24.8;THE RESULTS OF PARTICIPATION;113
24.9;CONCLUSION;114
24.10;REFERENCES;114
25;Chapter 19. PARTICIPATORY JOB DESIGN AND AUTOMATION: UNANTICIPATED SIDE EFFECTS;116
25.1;INTRODUCTION;116
25.2;CASE STUDIES;117
25.3;ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISMS OF THE TWO CASES;118
25.4;CONSEQUENCES;119
26;Chapter 20. WORK STRUCTURING IN AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS EXEMPLIFIED BY USE OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS FOR BODY ASSEMBLY;122
26.1;INTRODUCTION;122
26.2;TECHNDLDGICAL BACKGROUND;122
26.3;STAGES IN THE RESTRUCTURIN OF WORK SYSTEMS;123
26.4;PRODUCTION TEAMS IN AUTOMATED BODYSHELL CONSTRUCTION;124
26.5;QUALIFICATION CONCEPT;125
26.6;FUTURE PROSPECTS;126
27;Chapter 21. CONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS IN THE FIELD OF WORK ORGANIZATION;128
27.1;INTRODUCTION;128
27.2;MODEL OF ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS FOR USE OF ROBOT SYSTEMS;128
27.3;CONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS IN REGARD TO FUNCTIONALITY;129
27.4;CONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS IN REGARD TO HUMAN WORK;129
27.5;RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PLANNING AND DESIGNING OF FUTURE ORIENTED IR-USES;130
27.6;SUMMARY;132
27.7;REFERENCES;132
28;Chapter 22. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WORK STRUCTURING FOR THE PLANNING OF ROBOT SYSTEMS;134
28.1;1 INTRODUCTION;134
28.2;2 CASE DESCRIPTION COMPANY A;134
28.3;3 CASE DESCRIPTION COMPANY B;135
28.4;4 CASE DESCRIPTION COMPANY C;135
28.5;5 EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING;136
28.6;6 DEVELOPING PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR ROBOT INTRODUCTION;136
28.7;7 CONCLUSIONS;137
29;Chapter 23. WORK ORGANISATION IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS — FIRST FINDINGS FROM INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS;140
29.1;INTRODUCTION;140
29.2;LARGE VARIETY OF WORK ORGANIZATION;141
29.3;FACTORS INFLUENCING THE WORK ORGANIZATION;142
29.4;BIBLIOGRAPHIE;143
30;Chapter 24. WORK DESIGN IN AN INTEGRATED ROBOT WORK CELL FOR N/C MACHINING;146
30.1;INTRODUCTION;146
30.2;THE WORK CELL;146
30.3;PARTS SELECTION CRITERIA;146
30.4;REQUIREMENTS FOR ROBOT;147
30.5;FUNCTION ALLOCATION AND WORK DESIGN;148
30.6;OPERATOR SELECTION;150
30.7;OPERATOR TRAINING;150
30.8;INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATOR;150
30.9;SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS;150
30.10;CONCLUSIONS;150
30.11;REFERENCE;151
31;Chapter 25. CONSIDERING SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ECONOMIC CRITERIA IN THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: CONDITIONS FOR THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS;152
31.1;INTRODUCTION;152
31.2;DUTCH CASES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AIMED AT IMPROVING BOTH COMPETITIVENESS AND QUALITY OF WORK;153
31.3;GENERAL MODEL OF FIELD OF FORCES AROUND DESIGN OF AMS;155
31.4;CONDITIONS FOR DECISION-MAKING ABOUT DESIGN OF AMS;156
31.5;REFERENCES;157
32;Chapter 26. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, DECISION MAKING AND ITS EFFECTS ON WORK IN THE DUTCH PRINTING INDUSTRY;158
32.1;INTRODUCTION;158
32.2;TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY;159
32.3;PROBLEMS WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATION AND WORK;160
32.4;CONCLUSIONS;161
32.5;REFERENCES;161
33;Chapter 27. THE DIFFUSION OF FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION AND ROBOTS;164
33.1;1. SATURATION IN THE TRADITIONAL AUTOMATION OF MASS PRODUCTION;164
33.2;2, THE POTENTIAL FOR INNOVATION IN FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION;165
33.3;3· ROBOTS AND NATIONAL INNOVATION POLICY: THE CASE OP THE GDR;166
33.4;4. REFERENCES;169
34;Chapter 28. APPROPRIATE AUTOMATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES;174
34.1;INTRODUCTION;174
34.2;ROLE OF DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS;175
34.3;APPROPRIATE AUTOMATIONPR OMOTI ON PROORA MME;175
34.4;APPROPRIATE AUTOMATION FCESMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES;175
34.5;IMPLEMENTATION OE CASE STUDIES AT AAPL, NEW DELHI;176
34.6;PROMOTIONAL EFFORTS UNDER AAPP;177
34.7;CONCLUSIONS;178
34.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;178
35;Chapter 29. SUMMING UP THE WORKSHOP;180
35.1;INTRODUCTION;180
35.2;COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) AND WORK DESIGN;180
35.3;GENERAL WORK DESIGN PRINCIPLES;181
35.4;ALTERNATIVE WORK ORGANIZATIONS;182
35.5;EXPERIENCE WITH AN 'AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTION ISLAND';182
35.6;PARTICIPATION IN WORK DESIGN;183
35.7;ROBOTS AND WORK DESIGN;183
35.8;TRENDS AND EFFECTS OF FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION;184
35.9;CONCLUSION;185
35.10;REFERENCES;185
36;AUTHOR INDEX;186