Malcovati / Baschirotto / d`Amico Sensors and Microsystems

AISEM 2009 Proceedings
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-3606-3
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 444 Seiten

Sensors and Microsystems contains a selection of papers presented at the 14th Italian conference on sensors and microsystems. It provides a unique perspective on the research and development of sensors, microsystems and related technologies in Italy. The scientific values of the papers also offers an invaluable source to analyists intending to survey the Italian situation about sensors and microsystems. In an interdisciplinary approachm many aspects of the disciplines are covered, ranging from materials science, chemistry, applied physics, electronic engineering and biotechnologies. Further details of the conference and its full program at the website http://www.microelectronicsevents.com/AISEM

Autoren/Hrsg.

Malcovati, Piero

Baschirotto, Andrea

d`Amico, Arnaldo

d'Amico, Arnaldo

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;FOREWORD;5
2;AISEM COMMITTEES;7
3;AISEM Scientific Committee;8
4;TABLE OF CONTENTS;9
5;TUTORIALS;18
5.1;WITH THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE OBSERVATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA WITH THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;19
5.1.1;1. Data, patterns, matrices, and vector spaces;19
5.1.2;2. Data correlation;21
5.1.3;3. Principal component analysis;22
5.1.3.1;3.1. Multivariate Gaussian PDF;23
5.1.3.2;3.2. Covariance matrix and principal components;24
5.1.3.3;3.3. Data normalization;26
5.1.4;4. An example of PCA;26
5.1.5;5. Caveat and conclusions;30
5.1.6;References;30
5.2;BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY: A BRIEF HISTORY;31
5.2.1;1. Brief history of biosensors;31
5.2.2;2. The problem of amplification;33
5.2.3;3. The biological system;33
5.2.4;4. Immobilization of the biological system;33
5.2.5;5. Important steps in the biosensor research;34
5.2.5.1;5.1. The case of glucose pen;34
5.2.5.2;5.2. The appearance of BIAcore on the market;35
5.2.5.3;5.3. Nucleic acid based biosensor;36
5.2.6;6. New trends and conclusions;37
5.2.7;Acknowledgment;39
5.2.8;References;39
5.3;FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATIONS IN RESISTIVE WIDE-RANGE GAS-SENSOR INTERFACE CIRCUITS DESIGN;40
5.3.1;1 Introduction;40
5.3.2;2 General specifications of resistive MOX gas-sensors;42
5.3.3;3 Main limitations in wide-range gas-sensors interface circuits design;44
5.3.3.1;3.1. Analog front-end signal-to-noise ratio limitations;45
5.3.3.2;3.2. Analog front-end signal swing limitations;47
5.3.3.3;3.3. Analog-to-digital converter resolution limitations;49
5.3.3.3.1;3.3.1. Maximum least significant bit amplitude according to AFE SNRmin;50
5.3.3.3.2;3.3.2. Effective resolution requirement for the ADC according to real DR;50
5.3.4;4 Analog front-end design solutions and guidelines;50
5.3.4.1;4.1. Multi-scale analog front-end design solution;51
5.3.4.1.1;4.1.1. Noise limitations in multi-scale AFE solution;52
5.3.4.1.2;4.1.2. Signal swing limitations in multi-scale AFE solution;52
5.3.4.1.3;4.1.3. ADC limitations in multi-scale AFE solution;53
5.3.4.1.4;4.1.4. Minimum number of sub-ranges in multi-scale AFE solution;54
5.3.5;5 Conclusions;54
5.3.6;Acknowledgments;55
5.3.7;References;55
6;MATERIALS TERIALS AND PROCESSES;56
6.1;ADVANCES IN SILICON PERIODIC MICROSTRUCTURES WITH PHOTONIC BAND GAPS IN THE NEAR INFRARED REGION;57
6.1.1;1. Introduction;57
6.1.2;2. Experimental results;58
6.1.3;3. Theoretical analysis;59
6.1.4;4. Conclusions;60
6.1.5;Acknowledgments;60
6.1.6;References;60
6.2;INVESTIGATION OF THE SWELLING PROPERTIES OF PHEMA AND PHEMA/CB FOR SENSING APPLICATION;61
6.2.1;1. Introduction;61
6.2.2;2. Experimental;61
6.2.3;3. Results and discussion;62
6.2.4;4. Conclusions;64
6.2.5;Acknowledgment;64
6.2.6;References;64
6.3;OPTICAL SENSING PROPERTIES TOWARDS ETHANOL VAPORS OF AU-POLYIMIDE NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS SYNTHESIZED BY DIFFERENT CHEMICAL ROUTES;65
6.3.1;1. Introduction;65
6.3.2;2. Material synthesis;66
6.3.3;3. Experimental results;67
6.3.4;4. Concluding remarks;68
6.3.5;References;68
6.4;OPTICAL VAPORS SENSING CAPABILITIES OF POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY;69
6.4.1;1. Introduction;69
6.4.2;2. Material synthesis;70
6.4.3;3. Experimental results;70
6.4.3.1;3.1. BET surface area analysis and XRD;70
6.4.3.2;3.2. Optical characterization of PIM;71
6.4.4;4. Conclusions;72
6.4.5;References;72
6.5;FOCUSED ION BEAM AND DIELECTROPHORESIS AS GROW-IN-PLACE ARCHITECTURE FOR CHEMICAL SENSOR;73
6.5.1;1. Introduction;73
6.5.2;2. Experimental;74
6.5.3;3. Results and discussion;74
6.5.4;4. Conclusions;76
6.5.5;Acknowledgment;76
6.5.6;References;76
6.6;A NOVEL APPROACH FOR THE PREPARATION OF METAL OXIDE/CNTs COMPOSITES FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS;77
6.6.1;1. Introduction;77
6.6.2;2. ALD process;78
6.6.3;3. Sensing tests;79
6.6.4;References;80
6.7;THE IMPACT OF NANOPARTICLE AGGREGATION IN LIQUID SOLUTION FOR TOXICOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES;81
6.7.1;1. Introduction;81
6.7.2;2. Nanoparticles characterization;82
6.7.2.1;2.1. Evaluation of cancer effects on mice;82
6.7.2.2;2.2. Ecotoxicological effects;83
6.7.3;3. Conclusions;84
6.7.4;References;84
6.8;PREPARATION AND ELECTRICAL-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS SENSORS BASED ON TIO NANOMETRIC STRIPS USING IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY;85
6.8.1;1. Introduction;85
6.8.2;2. Experimental;86
6.8.3;3. Results and discussion;87
6.8.4;4. Conclusions;89
6.8.5;References;89
6.9;PIEZOELECTRIC LOW-CURING-TEMPERATURE INK FOR SENSORS AND POWER HARVESTING;90
6.9.1;1. Introduction;90
6.9.2;2. Sample realization;91
6.9.3;3. Ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurement;91
6.9.4;4. Ink deposition using DOD technology;92
6.9.5;Acknowledgment;93
6.9.6;References;93
6.10;COMPARATIVE BIOAFFINITY STUDIES FOR IN-VITRO CELL ASSAYS ON MEMS-BASED DEVICES;95
6.10.1;1. Introduction;95
6.10.2;2. Materials and methods;96
6.10.2.1;2.1. Candidate substrates for bioaffinity tests;96
6.10.2.2;2.2. Surface chemistry analysis and bioaffinity studies;96
6.10.3;3. Results;97
6.10.3.1;3.1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the substrates;97
6.10.3.2;3.2. Cell density analysis by means of fluorescence microscopy;97
6.10.4;4. Conclusions;98
6.10.5;Acknowledgments;99
6.10.6;References;99
6.11;EFFECT OF THE LAYER GEOMETRY ON INK-JET SENSOR DEVICE PERFOMANCES;100
6.11.1;1. Introduction;100
6.11.2;2. Experimental section;101
6.11.2.1;2.1. Materials;101
6.11.2.2;2.2. Preparation and characterization of PS/CB ink suspension;101
6.11.2.3;2.3. Sensing devices;101
6.11.3;3. Results;101
6.11.4;4. Discussion and conclusions;103
6.11.5;References;103
7;DEVICES;105
7.1;OPTICAL FLOWMETER SENSOR FOR BLOOD CIRCULATORS;106
7.1.1;1. Introduction;106
7.1.2;2. The realized self-mixing interferometer;106
7.1.3;3. Measurement results and data processing;107
7.1.4;4. Conclusions;108
7.1.5;Acknowledgments;109
7.1.6;References;109
7.2;UV LASER BEAM PROFILERS BASED ON CVD DIAMOND;110
7.2.1;1. Introduction;110
7.2.2;2. Experimental;111
7.2.3;3. Results and discussion;112
7.2.4;4. Conclusions;113
7.2.5;References;113
7.3;PHOTOCONDUCTIVE POSITION SENSITIVE CVD DIAMOND DETECTORS;114
7.3.1;1. Introduction;114
7.3.2;2. Experimental;115
7.3.3;3. Results and discussion;115
7.3.4;4. Conclusions;117
7.3.5;References;117
7.4;OPAQUE-GATE PHOTOTRANSISTORS ON H-TERMINATED DIAMOND;118
7.4.1;1. Introduction;118
7.4.2;2. Experimental details;118
7.4.3;3. Results and discussion;119
7.4.4;4. Conclusions;121
7.4.5;References;121
7.5;FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SILICON PHOTODETECTOR AT 1.55 MICRON;122
7.5.1;1. Introduction;122
7.5.2;2. Device fabrication;122
7.5.3;3. Measurements;123
7.5.3.1;3.1. Electrical measurements;123
7.5.3.2;3.2. Optical measurements;123
7.5.4;4. Conclusions;125
7.5.5;References;125
7.6;ACTIVE AREA DENSITY OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR HARVESTER PHOTODIODES EFFICIENCY MAXIMIZATION;126
7.6.1;1. Introduction;126
7.6.1.1;1.1. Integrated micro solar cells;126
7.6.2;2. Results;128
7.6.3;3. Conclusions;129
7.6.4;References;129
7.7;ALL-FIBER HYBRID FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS CAVITY FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS;130
7.7.1;1. Introduction;130
7.7.2;2. Device description;131
7.7.3;3. Experimental results;131
7.7.3.1;3.1. SRI and bending characterization;132
7.7.3.2;3.2. Temperature and strain characterization;133
7.7.4;4. Discussion and Conclusions;133
7.7.5;References;134
7.8;AN OPTICAL PLATFORM BASED ON FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY FOR C REACTIVE PROTEIN AND PROCALCITONINE ASSAY;135
7.8.1;1. Introduction;135
7.8.2;2. Methodology;136
7.8.2.1;2.1. The optical device;136
7.8.2.2;2.2. Chemical protocols;136
7.8.3;3. Results and discussions;137
7.8.4;4. Conclusions;138
7.8.5;Acknowledgments;138
7.8.6;References;138
7.9;GOLD COATED LONG PERIOD GRATINGS IN SINGLE AND MULTI LAYER CONFIGURATION FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS;140
7.9.1;1. Introduction;140
7.9.2;2. Experiment;141
7.9.3;3. Results;141
7.9.4;References;143
7.10;UV SCHOTTKY SENSORS BASED ON WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS;144
7.10.1;1. Introduction;144
7.10.2;2. Experimental;144
7.10.3;3. Results and discussion;145
7.10.4;4. Conclusion;148
7.10.5;References;148
7.11;DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A NOVEL PIXEL SENSOR FOR COLOR IMAGING APPLICATIONS IN CMOS 90 NM TECHNOLOGY;150
7.11.1;1. Introduction;150
7.11.2;2. 90-nm CMOS standard TFD prototypes;151
7.11.3;3. Design of an active pixel for the TFD;152
7.11.4;4. Conclusions;153
7.11.5;References;153
7.12;TECHNOLOGY AND I–V CHARACTERISTICS OF FULLY POROUS PN JUNCTIONS;154
7.12.1;1. Introduction;154
7.12.2;2. Experimental;155
7.12.3;3. Results;156
7.12.4;4. Conclusions;157
7.12.5;References;157
7.13;FAST GATING OF SINGLE-PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODES FOR PHOTON MIGRATION MEASUREMENTS;158
7.13.1;1. Introduction;158
7.13.2;2. Measurement setup and results;159
7.13.3;3. Conclusions;161
7.13.4;Acknowledgments;161
7.13.5;References;161
7.14;PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE InGaAs/InP SPAD WITH CUSTOM ELECTRONICS;162
7.14.1;1. Introduction;162
7.14.2;2. Experimental characterization;163
7.14.3;3. Conclusions;165
7.14.4;References;166
7.15;NOVEL VACUUM EVAPORATED CAVITAND SENSORS FOR DETECTING VERY LOW ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS;167
7.15.1;1. Introduction;167
7.15.2;2. Results and discussion;169
7.15.3;3. Conclusions;170
7.15.4;References;170
7.16;HYDROGEN SENSING CAPABILITY OF NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIA FILMS;171
7.16.1;1. Introduction;171
7.16.2;2. Experimental;172
7.16.2.1;2.1. TiO2 nanostructures preparation and characterization;172
7.16.2.2;2.2. Sensors assembling and sensing tests;172
7.16.3;3. Results and discussions;173
7.16.4;4. Conclusions and future work;174
7.16.5;References;174
7.17;SYNTHESIS AND GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF ZnO QUANTUM DOTS;175
7.17.1;1. Introduction;175
7.17.2;2. Experimental;176
7.17.3;3. Results and discussion;176
7.17.4;4. Conclusion;178
7.17.5;References;178
7.18;OPTICAL GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF ZNO NANOWIRES;179
7.18.1;1. Introduction;179
7.18.2;2. Experimental;180
7.18.2.1;2.1. ZnO nanowires deposition;180
7.18.2.2;2.2. SEM characterization;180
7.18.3;3. Results and discussion;181
7.18.3.1;3.1. Continuous wave PL measurements in controlled environment;181
7.18.4;3.2. Time-resolved PL measurements;182
7.18.5;4. Conclusions;182
7.18.6;Acknowledgements;182
7.18.7;References;182
7.19;PORPHYRIN-PORPHYRIN DIADS AS POTENTIAL TRANSDUCERS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CADAVERINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION;183
7.19.1;1. Introduction;183
7.19.2;2. Methodology;184
7.19.3;3. Results and discussions;185
7.19.4;4. Conclusions;186
7.19.5;References;186
7.20;ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PNA/DNA HYBRIDIZED LAYER USING SECM AND EIS TECHNIQUES;187
7.20.1;1. Introduction;187
7.20.2;2. Experimental;188
7.20.3;3. Results and discussion;188
7.20.3.1;3.1. PNA-DNA layer characterization by SECM;188
7.20.3.2;3.2. PNA-DNA layer characterization by EIS;189
7.20.4;4. Conclusions;190
7.20.5;Acknowledgments;190
7.20.6;References;190
7.21;METAL-FUNCTIONALIZED AND VERTICALLY-ALIGNED MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE LAYERS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE GAS SENSING APPLICATIONS;191
7.21.1;1. Introduction;191
7.21.2;2. Experimental details;192
7.21.3;3. Results and discussion;193
7.21.4;4. Conclusions;197
7.21.5;References;197
7.22;AMMONIA SENSING PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC INKS DEPOSITED ON FLEXIBLE SUBTRATES;198
7.22.1;1. Introduction;198
7.22.2;2. Experimental;199
7.22.3;3. Results and discussion;199
7.22.4;4. Conclusion;201
7.22.5;References;201
7.23;PROSPECTIVE OF USING NANO-STRUCTURED HIGH PERFORMANCES SENSORS BASED ON POLYMER NANO-IMPRINTING TECHNOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS;202
7.23.1;1. Introduction;202
7.23.2;2. Experimental;203
7.23.2.1;2.1. The nano-structured sensor;203
7.23.2.2;2.2. Preparation of the sensors;203
7.23.2.3;2.3. Electrochemical measurement;203
7.23.3;3. Results;204
7.23.3.1;3.1. I-V experimental data;204
7.23.4;4. Conclusions;205
7.23.5;Acknowledgments;205
7.23.6;References;205
7.24;SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE BIOSENSOR BASED ON A RECOMBINANT BOVINE ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN;206
7.24.1;1. Introduction;206
7.24.2;2. bOBP deposition;207
7.24.3;3. SAW biosensor system;208
7.24.4;4. Experimental results;208
7.24.5;5. Conclusions;209
7.24.6;References;209
7.25;DEVELOPMENT OF AN APTAMER-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL SANDWICH ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF A CLINICAL BIOMARKER;211
7.25.1;1. Introduction;211
7.25.2;2. Materials and methods;211
7.25.3;3. Procedure;212
7.25.3.1;3.1. Beads preparation and aptamer immobilisation;212
7.25.3.2;3.2. Affinity reaction on magnetic beads and electrochemical measurement;213
7.25.4;4. Results and discussion;213
7.25.4.1;4.1. Calibration curve;213
7.25.5;5. Conclusions;214
7.25.6;Acknowledgments;214
7.25.7;References;214
7.26;DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL IN LEADLESS PETROLS AND BIOFUELS USING AN INNOVATIVE ORGANIC PHASE ENZYME ELECTRODE (OPEE);215
7.26.1;1. Introduction;215
7.26.2;2. Operating conditions;216
7.26.3;3. Results;216
7.26.3.1;3.1. Analytical characteristic of the catalase biosensor to measure ethanol;216
7.26.3.2;3.2.Determination of ethanol concentration in leadless petrol samples and biofuel using the catalase biosensor;217
7.26.4;4. Conclusions;218
7.26.5;Acknowledgements;218
7.26.6;References;218
7.27;IMMUNOSENSORS FOR THE DIRECT DETERMINATION OF PROTEINS: LACTOFERRIN AND HIgG;219
7.27.1;1. Introduction;219
7.27.2;2. Methods;219
7.27.3;3. Results;220
7.27.4;4. Discussion;222
7.27.5;5. Conclusion;222
7.27.6;Acknowledgments;222
7.27.7;References;222
7.28;A METHOD BASED ON SCATTERING PARAMETERS FOR MODEL IDENTIFICATION OF PIEZOACTUATORS WITH APPLICATIONS IN COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION MONITORING;223
7.28.1;1. Introduction and principle of operation;223
7.28.2;2. Lumped element model for the description of the system;224
7.28.3;3. Scattering parameters and advantages connected to their use;225
7.28.4;4. Simulation results and experimental verifications;226
7.28.5;4. Conclusions;226
7.28.6;References;226
7.29;MEMS TILT SENSOR WITH IMPROVED RESOLUTION AND LOW THERMAL DRIFT;228
7.29.1;1. Design and manufacturing of the tilt sensor;228
7.29.2;2. Experimental result;230
7.29.3;3. Conclusions;231
7.29.4;References;231
7.30;AN OFFSET COMPENSATION METHOD FOR INTEGRATED THERMAL FLOW SENSORS;232
7.30.1;1. Introduction;232
7.30.2;2. Principle of offset compensation;233
7.30.3;3. Experimental results;234
7.30.4;4. Conclusions;235
7.30.5;Acknowledgments;235
7.30.6;References;235
7.31;A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT INTEGRATED ANEMOMETERS;236
7.31.1;1. Introduction;236
7.31.2;2. Device description;237
7.31.3;3. Results;238
7.31.4;4. Conclusions;239
7.31.5;Acknowledgments;239
7.31.6;References;239
7.32;DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC STRAIN MEASUREMENT USING A TIME-DOMAIN BRILLOUIN SENSING SYSTEM;240
7.32.1;1. Introduction;240
7.32.2;2. Principle of operation;241
7.32.3;3. Experimental results;242
7.32.4;4. Conclusions;243
7.32.5;References;243
7.33;EPOXY/MWCNT COMPOSITE BASED TEMPERATURE SENSOR WITH LINEAR CHARACTERISTICS;244
7.33.1;1. Introduction;244
7.33.2;2. Experimental;245
7.33.2.1;2.1. Material;245
7.33.2.2;2.2. Electrical characterization;245
7.33.3;3. Results and discussions;245
7.33.4;4. Conclusions;248
7.33.5;Acknowledgments;248
7.33.6;References;248
7.34;THERMOELECTRIC SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF CHEMICAL RADIATION HEAT;249
7.34.1;1. Introduction;249
7.34.2;2. Experimental results;250
7.34.3;3. Conclusions;252
7.34.4;References;252
7.35;SQUID SENSORS FOR HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION MAGNETIC IMAGING AND FOR NANOSCALE APPLICATIONS;253
7.35.1;1. Micro-SQUID for magnetic microscopy;253
7.35.2;2. Nano-SQUID based on niobium Dayem bridges;255
7.35.3;3. Conclusions;256
7.35.4;References;257
7.36;PERMING EFFECT IN RESIDENCE TIMES DIFFERENCE FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETERS;258
7.36.1;1. Fluxgate magnetometers;258
7.36.1.1;1.1. The µWire RTD fluxgate prototype;258
7.36.2;2. Perming effect;259
7.36.2.1;2.1. The experimental set-up to investigate the perming offset;259
7.36.3;3. Results and conclusion;260
7.36.4;References;261
7.37;DIFFUSE-LIGHT ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY BY MEANS OF A FIBER OPTIC SUPERCONTINUUM SOURCE – AN INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE;262
7.37.1;1. Motivation: the drawbacks of absorption spectroscopy;262
7.37.2;2. Diffuse-light absorption spectroscopy: concept and setup;263
7.37.3;3. Results;263
7.37.4;4. Perspectives;265
7.37.5;Acknowledgements;265
7.37.6;References;265
8;SYSTEMS;266
8.1;A DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENCE CURRENT-CONVEYOR (DDCCII) BASED FRONT-END FOR INTEGRABLE AND PORTABLE SENSOR APPLICATIONS;267
8.1.1;1. Introduction;267
8.1.2;2. DDCCII basic concepts;268
8.1.3;3. Simulation results;270
8.1.4;4. Conclusions;271
8.1.5;References;271
8.2;A NEW FAST-READOUT FRONT-END FOR HIGH RESISTIVE CHEMICAL SENSOR APPLICATIONS;272
8.2.1;1. Introduction;272
8.2.2;2. Proposed novel interface;273
8.2.3;3. Simulation results;275
8.2.4;4. Conclusions;276
8.2.5;References;276
8.3;A NOVEL CALIBRATION-LESS CCII-BASED RESISTANCE-TO-TIME FRONT-END FOR GAS SENSOR INTERFACING;278
8.3.1;1. Introduction;278
8.3.2;2. CCII basic theory and CMOS implementation;279
8.3.3;3. Proposed interface and simulation results;280
8.3.4;4. Conclusions;282
8.3.5;References;282
8.4;HIGH-EFFICIENCY FRONT-END INTERFACE FOR THE VIBRATING-STRING STRAIN GAUGE SENSORS;284
8.4.1;1. Introduction;284
8.4.2;2. Basic principle;285
8.4.3;3. Interface description;285
8.4.4;4. Experimental results;287
8.4.5;References;287
8.5;SIGNAL CONDITIONING SYSTEM ANALYSIS FOR ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SENSORS;289
8.5.1;1. Introduction;289
8.5.2;2. Derivation of the extended SNR expression;290
8.5.3;3. Analysis: SNR surfaces levels;291
8.5.4;4. Conclusions;292
8.5.5;References;292
8.6;A 0.13µm CMOS FRONT-END FOR DRIFT CHAMBERS;293
8.6.1;1. Introduction;293
8.6.2;2. Circuit description;293
8.6.3;3. Measurements results;295
8.6.4;4. Conclusions;296
8.6.5;References;296
8.7;A NEW LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT;297
8.7.1;1. Introduction;297
8.7.2;2. Description of the system;298
8.7.3;3. Conclusion;300
8.7.4;Acknowledgments;300
8.7.5;References;300
8.8;A 100 MICROWATT ULTRA LOW-POWER CONTRAST-BASED ASYNCHRONOUS VISION SENSOR;301
8.8.1;1. Introduction;301
8.8.2;2. Principle of operation;302
8.8.3;3. Sensor architecture;303
8.8.4;4. Experimental results;304
8.8.5;5. Conclusions;304
8.8.6;References;304
8.9;A 32 × 32-CHANNELS CHIP FOR X-RAY PIXEL DETECTO RREAD-OUT;305
8.9.1;1. Introduction;305
8.9.2;2. Read-out chip;306
8.9.3;3. Experimental results;307
8.9.4;References;308
8.10;MENTAL TASKS RECOGNITION FOR A BRAIN/COMPUTER INTERFACE;309
8.10.1;1. Introduction;309
8.10.2;2. Sensor system;310
8.10.3;3. Preprocessing;310
8.10.4;4. Classifier;311
8.10.5;5. Experiments and results;311
8.10.6;6. Conclusions;312
8.10.7;References;312
8.11;SILICON INTEGRATED MICRO-BALANCES ARRAY FOR DNA HYBRIDIZATION ELECTRONIC DETECTION;313
8.11.1;1. Introduction;313
8.11.2;2. New approach description;314
8.11.2.1;2.1. Process flow steps;315
8.11.2.2;2.2. Simulation results;316
8.11.3;3. Conclusions;316
8.11.4;References;316
8.12;A FULLY INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-SITE ELECTROPORATION AND ADDRESSED CELL DRUG DELIVERY;317
8.12.1;1. Introduction;317
8.12.2;2. Materials and methods;318
8.12.3;3. Experimental results;319
8.12.3.1;3.1. Microfluidics testing of MEAs;319
8.12.3.2;3.2. Device testing: polystyrene microbeads and cells dielectrophoretic experiments;319
8.12.4;4. Conclusions;320
8.12.5;Acknowledgments;320
8.12.6;References;320
8.13;A NOVEL BASED PROTEIN MICROARRAY FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF ACTIVATED CASPASES;321
8.13.1;1. Introduction;321
8.13.2;2. Experimental;322
8.13.2.1;2.1. Protein chip platform;322
8.13.2.2;2.2. Apoptosis induction;322
8.13.2.3;2.3. Cell lysis and immunoblot;322
8.13.2.4;2.4. Protein spotting and microarraying;323
8.13.2.5;2.5. Caspase-3 assay;323
8.13.2.6;2.6. Scan and data analysis;323
8.13.3;3. Results;324
8.13.4;4. Conclusions;324
8.13.5;References;324
8.14;ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS BASED ON INORGANICNANOPARTICLES FOR ROBOTIC APPLICATIONS;325
8.14.1;1. Introduction;325
8.14.2;2. Rheometer design;325
8.14.2.1;2.1. Technical specifications;326
8.14.2.2;2.2. System layout;327
8.14.2.3;2.3. Management software;327
8.14.3;3. Robotic application;327
8.14.4;References;328
8.15;WIRELESS NANOTRANSDUCERS FOR IN-VIVO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS;329
8.15.1;1. Introduction;329
8.15.2;2. In-vivo applications of wireless nanotransducers;329
8.15.2.1;2.1. Wireless nanoheaters;330
8.15.2.2;2.2. Wireless nanotransducers for drug delivery;330
8.15.2.3;2.3. Wireless nanosensors;330
8.15.2.4;2.4. Wireless nanogenerators;330
8.15.3;3. Nanostructures for wireless transduction;331
8.15.4;4. Conclusions;332
8.15.5;References;332
8.16;DEVELOPMENT OF MEMS MICROCANTILEVER DETECTORS FOR DNA SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM DETECTION IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES DIAGNOSTIC;333
8.16.1;1. Introduction;333
8.16.2;2. Design of MEMS-based cantilever arrays;334
8.16.3;3. Fabrication and functionalisation procedures;335
8.16.4;4. Conclusions;336
8.16.5;Acknowledgments;336
8.16.6;References;336
8.17;A NEW APPROACH FOR CMOS FABRICATION OF MICROCANTILEVER/NANOTIP SYSTEMS FOR PROBE-STORAGE APPLICATIONS;337
8.17.1;1. Introduction;337
8.17.2;2. A novel idea;338
8.17.3;3. Experimental results;339
8.17.4;4. Conclusions;340
8.17.5;Acknowledgments;340
8.17.6;References;340
8.18;CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF A DOUBLE AXIS SCANNING MICROMIRROR;341
8.18.1;1. Introduction;341
8.18.2;2. ISIF platform;342
8.18.3;3. Fast characterization and test approach;342
8.18.4;4. Case study: micromirror characterization;343
8.18.5;5. Conclusions;344
8.18.6;References;344
8.19;A HIGH-VOLTAGE PWM CURRENT DRIVER FOR HOT-WIRE ANEMOMETERS;345
8.19.1;1. Introduction;345
8.19.2;2. Circuit description;347
8.19.3;3. Result of simulations;348
8.19.4;4. Conclusions;348
8.19.5;References;349
8.20;A MEMS PIEZORESISTIVE INCLINATION SENSOR WITHCMOS ASIC FRONT-END INTERFACE;350
8.20.1;1. Introduction;350
8.20.2;2. Sensor description;350
8.20.3;3. ASIC interface description;351
8.20.4;4. Experimental results;352
8.20.5;5. Conclusions;354
8.20.6;References;354
8.21;ACTIVELY CONTROLLED POWER CONVERSION TECHNIQUES FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING APPLICATIONS;355
8.21.1;1. Introduction and experimental setup;355
8.21.2;2. Description of the proposed circuits;356
8.21.3;3. Conclusions;358
8.21.4;Acknowledgments;359
8.21.5;References;359
8.22;FEM ANALYSIS OF PIEZOELECTRIC NANOSTRUCTURES FOR ENERGY HARVESTING;360
8.22.1;1. Introduction;360
8.22.2;2. FEM calculations;361
8.22.2.1;2.1. Top-bottom piezoelectric nanowire;361
8.22.2.2;2.2. Bottom-bottom piezoelectric nanowire;361
8.22.3;3. Vertical compression;362
8.22.4;4. Lateral stretching;363
8.22.5;5. Conclusions;363
8.22.6;References;363
8.23;PIEZO-POLYMER-FET DEVICES BASED TACTILE SENSORSFOR HUMANOID ROBOTS;364
8.23.1;1. Introduction;364
8.23.2;2. POSFET touch sensors – concept and implementation;365
8.23.3;3. Conclusions;366
8.23.4;Acknowledgments;367
8.23.5;References;367
8.24;INTEGRATED OPTOFLUIDIC MACH-ZEHNDERINTERFEROMETER;368
8.24.1;1. Introduction;368
8.24.2;2. Operating principles;369
8.24.3;3. Experimental results;370
8.24.4;4. Conclusions;371
8.24.5;References;371
8.25;INTELLIGENT WIRELESS E-NOSE FOR POWER SAVVYDISTRIBUTED CHEMICAL SENSING;372
8.25.1;1. Introduction;372
8.25.2;2. Experimental;373
8.25.3;3. Results and Conclusions;374
8.25.4;References;375
8.26;SMART RFID-LABEL FOR MONITORING THE PRESERVATION CONDITIONS OF FOOD;376
8.26.1;1. Introduction;376
8.26.2;2. Sensors and interface circuits;376
8.26.3;3. Power management;379
8.26.4;4. Wireless transceiver;379
8.26.5;5. Simulation results and conclusions;380
8.26.6;References;380
8.27;IMPROVING PIANO MUSIC TRANSCRIPTION BY ELMAN DYNAMIC NEURAL NETWORKS;381
8.27.1;1. Introduction;381
8.27.2;2. Audio data set;382
8.27.3;3. Spectral features;382
8.27.4;4. Note classification sensor interface;383
8.27.5;5. Conclusion and discussion;383
8.27.6;References;384
8.28;A MULTISENSOR SYSTEM FOR HIGH RELIABILITY PEOPLE FALL DETECTION IN HOME ENVIRONMENT;385
8.28.1;1. Introduction;385
8.28.2;2. System architecture;385
8.28.3;3. Fall detection algorithms;386
8.28.4;References;388
9;APPLICAT1 IONS;389
9.1;WESNEP: A WIRELESS ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR NETWORK FOR PERMAFROST STUDIES;390
9.1.1;1. Introduction;390
9.1.1.1;1.1. Wireless sensor networks;390
9.1.1.2;1.2. Permafrost;391
9.1.2;2. The WESNEP project;391
9.1.2.1;2.1. Motivation;391
9.1.2.2;2.2. Architecture;392
9.1.3;3. Conclusions;393
9.1.4;References;393
9.2;A MULTI-PURPOSE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BASEDON ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY;394
9.2.1;1. Introduction;394
9.2.2;2. Hardware set-up;394
9.2.3;3. Network prototype set-up;396
9.2.4;4. Conclusions;397
9.2.5;Acknowledgments;397
9.2.6;References;397
9.3;A WIRELESS SENSORS SYSTEM FOR SPORT STUDIES;398
9.3.1;1. Introduction;398
9.3.2;2. Hardware set-up;398
9.3.3;3. Software set-up;400
9.3.4;4. Conclusions;400
9.3.5;References;401
9.4;A HIGH-VOLTAGE DRIVER FOR A SCANNINGMICROMIRROR;402
9.4.1;1. Introduction;402
9.4.2;2. Circuit description;403
9.4.3;3. Simulation results;404
9.4.4;4. Conclusions;405
9.4.5;References;405
9.5;SYSTEM STUDY FOR A HEAD-UP DISPLAY BASED ON A FLEXIBLE SENSOR INTERFACE;406
9.5.1;1. Introduction;406
9.5.2;2. Head-up displays;406
9.5.3;3. Proposed architecture;407
9.5.4;4. Conclusions;409
9.5.5;References;410
9.6;CAPACITIVE SENSOR SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW IN PIPES;411
9.6.1;1. Introduction;411
9.6.2;2. System description;412
9.6.3;3. Experimental results;413
9.6.4;4. Conclusions;414
9.6.5;References;414
9.7;SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE IMAGINGFOR AFFINITY-BASED BIOSENSORS;416
9.7.1;1. Introduction;416
9.7.2;2. Experimental;417
9.7.2.1;2.1. A SPRi immunosensor for anti-bovine IgGs detection in milk;417
9.7.3;3. Conclusions;419
9.7.4;References;419
9.8;LASER BASED SCANNING SYSTEM FOR MONITORING ICE ACCRETION PHENOMENA ON HIGH VOLTAGE CONDUCTORS;420
9.8.1;1. Introduction;420
9.8.2;2. Principle of operation;420
9.8.3;3. Experimental activity;421
9.8.4;4. Conclusions;423
9.8.5;Acknowledgment;423
9.8.6;References;423
9.9;CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR FOR CHAINSAW SAFETY;424
9.9.1;1. Introduction;424
9.9.2;2. Principle of operation;424
9.9.3;3. Realized electronics;425
9.9.4;4. Measurement results;426
9.9.5;5. Conclusions;427
9.9.6;References;427
10;AUTHOR INDEX;428