MacLachlan / Swartz Disability & International Development

Towards Inclusive Global Health
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-93840-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 218 Seiten

One of the greatest challenges facing modern global health is how to include the most marginalized and impoverished people in international efforts to promote social and economic development. In Disability and International Development disability rights are situated within the broader context of global health and the need for much greater inter-sector collaboration. Reports from a broad cross-section of low- and middle-income countries-locales as diverse as Zimbabwe, Bolivia, Kyrgyzstan, and Papua New Guinea-move beyond surface discussions of 'what is working' and 'what shows promise' to discuss political and governance contexts, the roles of disabled persons in research by outsiders, concurrent struggles (e.g., women's or children's rights), and instructive inroads made by community activists and national Disabled People's Organizations. The results are provocative, and offer new lenses for viewing both the issues and the populations they affect. Each of the book's chapters spotlights a topic as representative of the enormity and immediacy of challenges to inclusive global health, including: The impact of international human rights law on domestic law and local traditions. The effect of failed states on the lives of people with disabilities. Empowerment and advocacy: disability organizations and movements. HIV/AIDS interventions with disabled persons. Assistive technologies in low-income countries. Strategies for improving the lives of children with disabilities. Cross-disciplinary as well as cross-cultural, Disability and International Development will attract a wide audience of professionals in rehabilitation, social welfare and human rights; governmental and non-governmental organizations and disabled people's organizations; researchers and practitioners. It will also be relevant to those working in health and welfare administration, health policy, international aid and development, and human rights. In addition, graduate students in disability studies, public and global health and international development should find this an important guide to the future of these fields.

Malcolm MacLachlan is Associate Professor at the Centre for Global Health and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin.  His research focuses on psychosocial rehabilitation of physically disabled people, organizational aspects of international aid and development, and culture and health. Leslie Swartz is Professor of Psychology at Stellenbosch University (South Africa) and an Honourary Research Associate at the Human Sciences Research Council.  He holds a doctorate in Psychology from the University of Cape Town and is rated as an internationally rated scientist by the National Research Foundation of South Africa.    

Autoren/Hrsg.

Maclachlan, Malcolm

Swartz, Leslie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Disability & International Development;2
1.1;Chapter 1;20
1.1.1;From the Local to the Global: the Many Contexts of Disability and International Development;20
1.1.1.1;1.1 Introduction;20
1.1.1.2;1.2 What is this Book About?;24
1.1.1.3;1.3 Outline of the Book;25
1.1.1.3.1;1.3.1 Section 1: Contextual Issues;26
1.1.1.3.2;1.3.2 Section 2: Disability Research and Development;26
1.1.1.3.3;1.3.3 Section 3: Some Specific Challenges;27
1.1.2;References;29
1.2;Chapter 2;31
1.2.1;The Effect of Failed States on the Well-Being and Lives of People with Disabilities;31
1.2.1.1;2.1 Introduction;31
1.2.1.2;2.2 Surviving a Failed State;38
1.2.1.2.1;2.2.1 The Example of South Africa: From Apartheid to Reunification – and Disability;38
1.2.1.3;2.3 Failing in a Failed State;40
1.2.1.3.1;2.3.1 The Example of Zimbabwe: From Prosperity Through Deconstruction to Ruin – and Disability;40
1.2.1.4;2.4 Conclusions;45
1.2.1.5;Box 2.1: Indicators of State Vulnerability (derived from: Foreign Policy, 2007);33
1.2.1.5.1;Social Indicators;33
1.2.2;References;47
1.3;Chapter 3;49
1.3.1;The Impact of International Human Rights Law on the National Laws of Ethiopia from a Gender Rights and Disability Rights ;49
1.3.1.1;3.1 Introduction;49
1.3.1.2;3.2 Introduction to Ethiopia and Disability;49
1.3.1.3;3.3 International Law, National Law and Local Cultural and Traditional Practices;50
1.3.1.3.1;3.3.1 The United Nations and the African Regional Human Rights Standards;50
1.3.1.3.2;3.3.2 Does International Human Rights Legislation Have an Impact on Domestic Law?;51
1.3.1.3.3;3.3.3 Local Customs and Traditions: Informal Justice Systems;52
1.3.1.4;3.4 International Human Rights Instruments in Relation to Global Health and Disability;54
1.3.1.4.1;3.4.1 Global Health and Disability;54
1.3.1.4.2;3.4.2 Ethiopia with Particular Reference to HIV/AIDS;56
1.3.1.4.3;3.4.3 Ethiopian National Law and HIV/AIDS;57
1.3.1.4.4;3.4.4 The Impact of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;57
1.3.1.5;3.5 Ethiopia and its Relationship with the International Human Rights Treaty Committees;58
1.3.1.5.1;3.5.1 Ethiopia in Context;58
1.3.1.5.2;3.5.2 Study of the International Human Rights Committee Reports;59
1.3.1.5.3;3.5.3 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD);60
1.3.1.5.4;3.5.4 The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW);61
1.3.1.5.5;3.5.5 Committee on the Rights of the Child;61
1.3.1.6;3.6 Recommendations from an International Level;62
1.3.1.6.1;3.6.1 The Problems with International Law;62
1.3.1.7;3.7 Legislative Gaps in the Domestic Laws of Ethiopia;63
1.3.1.7.1;3.7.1 The Problems Within Domestic Law;63
1.3.1.8;3.8 Conclusions and Recommendations;66
1.3.2;References;67
1.4;Chapter 4;68
1.4.1;Building an Inclusive National Strategy for Disabled Children in Kyrgyzstan Through an Application of the .BIAS FREE. Frame;68
1.4.1.1;4.1 Introduction;68
1.4.1.2;4.2 What is the .BIAS FREE. Framework?;68
1.4.1.2.1;4.2.1 Addresses Multiple Biases;69
1.4.1.2.2;4.2.2 Exploring Common Roots of Domination and Social Inequality;69
1.4.1.2.3;4.2.3 19 Thought-Provoking Questions;70
1.4.1.2.4;4.2.4 3-Dimensional Matrix;70
1.4.1.2.5;4.2.5 Multiple Forms of Discrimination;70
1.4.1.2.6;4.2.6 Rights-Based;71
1.4.1.3;4.3 How Does the .BIAS FREE. Framework Work?;71
1.4.1.4;4.4 An Application of the .BIAS FREE. Framework in Kyrgyzstan;71
1.4.1.5;4.5 Questionnaire Content;72
1.4.1.5.1;H Problems: Maintaining an Existing Hierarchy;72
1.4.1.5.2;F Problems: Failing to Examine Differences;78
1.4.1.5.3;D Problems: Using Double Standards;79
1.4.1.6;4.6 Data Collection;80
1.4.1.7;4.7 Research Findings;82
1.4.1.8;4.8 Workshops;82
1.4.1.9;4.9 National Working Group;83
1.4.1.10;4.10 Conclusion;84
1.4.2;References;84
1.5;Chapter 5;86
1.5.1;Networking in Disability for Development: Introducing the African Network for Evidence-to-Action on Disability (AfriNEAD);86
1.5.1.1;5.1 Introduction;86
1.5.1.2;5.2 Global and Historical Aspects of Networking;88
1.5.1.3;5.3 Perceived Culture of Global Networks;90
1.5.1.4;5.4 The Emergence of Voices of Concerned Advocates;91
1.5.1.5;5.5 Drawing Experiences from the Disability Movement;92
1.5.1.6;5.6 Background to the African Network on Evidence-to-Action in Disability (AfriNEAD);97
1.5.1.6.1;5.6.1 Why AfriNEAD Now?;98
1.5.1.6.2;5.6.2 What is AfriNEAD?;99
1.5.1.6.3;5.6.3 How Will AfriNEAD Measure its Success? Some Reflections Regarding the Quest for Relevancy and Sustainability in Net;100
1.5.2;References;103
1.6;Chapter 6;107
1.6.1;Building Disability Research Capacity in Low-Income Contexts: Possibilities and Challenges;107
1.6.1.1;6.1 Introduction;107
1.6.1.2;6.2 Disability, Exclusion and the Politics of Knowledge;108
1.6.1.3;6.3 Disability Politics and Research Criteria;109
1.6.1.4;6.4 An Example of Research Capacity Development Issues;111
1.6.1.5;6.5 Research Capacity and the Knowledge Management Challenge;114
1.6.1.6;6.6 Concluding Comments;118
1.6.2;References;119
1.7;Chapter 7;120
1.7.1;Empowerment, Advocacy and National Development Policy: A Case Study of Disabled Peoples’ Organizations in Bolivia;120
1.7.1.1;7.1 Introduction;120
1.7.1.2;7.2 Disability on the Development Agenda and National Development Plans;121
1.7.1.3;7.3 Empowerment and Advocacy;122
1.7.1.4;7.4 Disability Advocacy in Bolivia;124
1.7.1.5;7.5 Influencing People to Create Change;125
1.7.1.5.1;7.5.1 Government as an Agent of Change;126
1.7.1.6;7.6 Means of Empowerment: Education and Employment;127
1.7.1.7;7.7 Barrier Removal as Empowerment;128
1.7.1.8;7.8 Advocacy and Empowerment: Practical Uses in Disability Movement;129
1.7.1.9;7.9 Recommendations;130
1.7.2;References;131
1.8;Chapter 8;133
1.8.1;Cultural Challenges in Piloting Disability Surveys in Papua New Guinea;133
1.8.1.1;8.1 Introduction;133
1.8.1.2;8.2 The Papua New Guinea Context;134
1.8.1.3;8.3 Defining Disability;135
1.8.1.4;8.4 Outline of the Pilot Survey Methods;136
1.8.1.5;8.5 The Missing Role of Disabled People in the Research Process;138
1.8.1.6;8.6 Cultural Influences on the Research Process: Expectations of Material Benefit;140
1.8.1.7;8.7 Payment Issues;142
1.8.1.8;8.8 Other Cultural Influences on the Data Collected;144
1.8.1.8.1;8.8.1 Lexical Equivalence;144
1.8.1.8.2;8.8.2 Conceptual Equivalence;145
1.8.1.8.3;8.8.3 Status Equivalence;146
1.8.1.8.4;8.8.4 Respondents’ Frames of Reference;146
1.8.1.8.5;8.8.5 Non-comprehension;147
1.8.1.8.6;8.8.6 Privacy;148
1.8.1.9;8.9 Conclusion;148
1.8.2;References;149
1.9;Chapter 9;151
1.9.1;Disability and HIV/AIDS: A Key Development Issue;151
1.9.1.1;9.1 Introduction;151
1.9.1.2;9.2 HIV/AIDS and Persons with Disabilities: What are the Risks?;151
1.9.1.3;9.3 HIV Interventions and Persons with Disabilities in Lower-Income Countries;154
1.9.1.4;9.4 Concluding Comments;156
1.9.2;References;157
1.10;Chapter 10;162
1.10.1;Assistive Technology in Low-Income Countries;162
1.10.1.1;10.1 Introduction;162
1.10.1.2;10.2 New Knowledge About Assistive Devices in Developing Countries;165
1.10.1.3;10.3 Discussion;171
1.10.2;References;172
1.11;Chapter 11;174
1.11.1;Childhood Disability in Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone: An Exploratory Analysis;174
1.11.1.1;11.1 Introduction;174
1.11.1.2;11.2 Measuring Disability;175
1.11.1.2.1;11.2.1 Body Structures and Function;176
1.11.1.2.2;11.2.2 Activities and Participation;177
1.11.1.2.3;11.2.3 Environmental Factors;177
1.11.1.3;11.3 Methodology;179
1.11.1.4;11.4 Results and Analysis;180
1.11.1.5;11.5 Disability Policy;181
1.11.1.6;11.6 Meaning of Disability;181
1.11.1.7;11.7 Case Scenario 1;182
1.11.1.7.1;11.7.1 Case Scenario 2;182
1.11.1.8;11.8 Prevalence of Disability;184
1.11.1.9;11.9 Causes of Childhood Disability;184
1.11.1.10;11.10 Impact of Disability;185
1.11.1.11;11.11 What Would Most Improve the Lives of Children with Disabilities?;185
1.11.1.12;11.12 Challenges Facing the Disability Movement;186
1.11.1.13;11.13 Research Needs;187
1.11.1.14;Appendix: Interview Template;189
1.11.1.14.1;Introduction;189
1.11.1.15;Questions;190
1.11.1.15.1;Families;190
1.11.2;References;191
1.12;Chapter 12;193
1.12.1;Education, Disability, and International Development;193
1.12.1.1;12.1 Introduction;193
1.12.1.2;12.2 Inclusion in Schooling and Disability;194
1.12.1.2.1;12.2.1 Background;194
1.12.1.2.2;12.2.2 Movement to Inclusive Education;194
1.12.1.2.3;12.2.3 Inclusion at Tertiary Level and Disability;196
1.12.1.2.3.1;12.2.3.1 Background;196
1.12.1.2.4;12.2.4 Higher Education, Disability and the Professions;197
1.12.1.2.5;12.2.5 Postgraduate Training and Disability;197
1.12.1.3;12.3 Conclusion;199
1.12.2;References;200
1.13;Chapter 13;202
1.13.1;Listening to the Voices of Disability: Experiences of Caring for Children with Cerebral Palsy in a Rural South African Set;202
1.13.1.1;13.1 Introduction;202
1.13.1.2;13.2 Service Provision in a “Uniquely South African” Setting;203
1.13.1.2.1;13.2.1 Childhood Disability in South Africa;203
1.13.1.2.1.1;13.2.1.1 Setting;203
1.13.1.2.2;13.2.2 Access to Setting;206
1.13.1.2.3;13.2.3 Caregiver Informants;206
1.13.1.2.4;13.2.4 Disability Narratives;207
1.13.1.3;13.3 Macro-variables;209
1.13.1.3.1;13.3.1 Information on and Access to Government Resources;209
1.13.1.3.2;13.3.2 HIV/AIDS;210
1.13.1.3.3;13.3.3 Infrastructure and Access;210
1.13.1.3.4;13.3.4 Inability to Work;211
1.13.1.3.5;13.3.5 Hospital Administration;211
1.13.1.4;13.4 Micro-variables;211
1.13.1.4.1;13.4.1 Support Within the Family and Community;211
1.13.1.4.2;13.4.2 Reactions to Disability: Acceptance, Guilt, Disappointment and Depression;212
1.13.1.4.3;13.4.3 Family Roles and Gender Dynamics;213
1.13.1.5;13.5 Shared Variables;214
1.13.1.5.1;13.5.1 Traditional Beliefs and Western Medical Practices and Religion;214
1.13.1.5.2;13.5.2 Attitudes of Healthcare Professionals;216
1.13.1.5.3;13.5.3 Support Narratives;217
1.13.1.6;13.6 Conclusions;217
1.13.1.7;Appendix Participant M – Paraphrased Ethnography and Interview;219
1.13.2;References;222
1.14;Index;224