Lubec / Rosenthal Amino Acids

Chemistry, Biology and Medicine
1990
ISBN: 978-94-011-2262-7
Verlag: Springer Netherland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 1195 Seiten, eBook

There is little wonder in the fact that the investigation of amino acids is of fundamental interest to scientists from so many diversified fields. If amino acids were only basic constituents of enzymes as well as structural and other proteins, this property alone would elevate them to real scientific importance. Added to this role, however, is their ability to serve as building blocks for the production of many classes of secondary metabolites. They can support the biosynthesis of a myriad of natural products including nonprotein amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides, phar macologically active alkaloids, certain phenols, purines and pyrimidines, nucleic acids, condensed tannins, lignins and other metabolites. The approximately twenty or so amino (and imino) acids that comprise proteins are well known; less familiar are what is now approaching 600 nonprotein amino acids that have been isolated and characterized from plant, fungal or animal sources. Investigations of the protein amino acids have proven of outstanding value in enhancing our understanding of a variety of physiological and neurological topics that affect human health and well being. Amino acids are used to probe inhibitory and excitatory transmission receptors in the brain. They contribute to our understanding of epilepsy, development of anti-epileptic drugs, production of novel y-arninobutyric acid uptake inhibitors, and acute and chronic neurodegenera tive disorders.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lubec, G.

Rosenthal, Gerald A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Section I: Basic chemistry, Analysis and Synthesis.- Novel amino acids from plants.- Chirospecific synthesis of amino acids and analogues.- Toxic and non-toxic nonprotein amino acids in the Vicieae.- 3-Amino-2H-azirines, equivalents of ?,?-disubstituted ?-amino acids in the synthesis of heterocycles and peptides.- Chemistry of glutamate analogues.- A simple conversion of tryptophan to a yohimbane derivative.- Peptide and protein hydrolysis by microwave irradiation: Kinetics and refinement of hydrolysis conditions for peptide-bond cleavage.- 13 C-Leucine-Tracer-Technique in clinical research on postoperative protein metabolism.- Effect of Na+ electrochemical potential energy on system A: Amino acid transport in rat skeletal muscle during endotoxic shock.- The effect of arginine on glycolysis by oral bacteria.- Methionine sulphoxide in the hinge-ligament protein of molluscan bivalve species.- Separation of D- and L-amino acids by ion exchange column chromatography in the form of 2-sulfonic acid alanyl dipeptides.- Chiroptical properties of fluorescamine and MDPF condensation compounds with amino acids, amino acid esters and dipeptides.- Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure ?-H and ?-alkyl?-amino acids and derivatives.- Synthesis of 11-labelled amino acids.- Chemoenzymatic syntheses of enantiomerically pure hydroxy amino acids.- Amino acid analysis by derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and chiral thiols.- Chiral ligand-exchange chromatography of amino acid derivatives.- Enantioseparation of C?-disubstituted glycines.- Enzymatic synthesis and biochemical reactions of fluorinated analogues of L-tyrosine and L-dopa.- The presence of 4-methylproline in the mammalian system.- Infrared spectroscopical studies on the non-enzymatic glycosylation of arginine and collagen.- Biosynthesis of epidermal growth factor having nonprotein amino acid residues by Escherichia coli.- Determination of methylated basic amino acids, 5-hydroxylysine, and elastin crosslinks in proteins and tissues.- Section II: Neurochemistry/Neurobiology.- Cerebroprotective and anticonvulsant action of competitive and noncompetitive NMDA antagonists.- Differential effects of competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists on GABA turnover in the mouse brain.- Excitatory amino acid receptors coupled to phosphoinositide metabolism: Characterization and possible role in physiology and physiopathology.- Excitatory amino acid actions on membrane potential and conductance of brainstem motoneurones.- Blockade of audiogenic seizures by a GABA-uptake inhibitor, NO-328, in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat.- N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists stimulate locomotor activity in monoamine depleted rats: Implications for the therapy of Parkinson’s disease.- Motor neuron degeneration linked to excitatory amino acids: Histological and immunocytochemical approaches.- Acromelic acid as a tool for the study of specific neurone damages.- Studies on the role of NMDA, GABA and adenosine receptors within discrete brain nuclei in the high pressure neurological syndrome in rats.- Cerebral amino acids in neonate from caffeine-drinking dam.- Inhibitory effects of L-Threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine against maximal electroconvulsion and brain norepinephrine in mice.- Small neurons in the lower spinal cord are selectively damaged in the spastic rat by acromelic acid.- Alteration of the NMDA associated ion channel binding sites in the epileptic mutant mouse quaking.- GABAA-similar-receptor-subtypes mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian labyrinth: An experimental and clinical study.- GABA uptake inhibitors: Possible use as anti-epileptic drugs.- Enzymatic depletion of rat blood tryptophan in vivo and its consequences: Rapid depletion of brain serotonin and perturbation of sleep/waking patterns.- Relationships between plasma tryptophan and brain tryptophan, and consequences on CNS serotonin metabolism in the exercising rat.- Influence of cerebral blood flow on tryptophan uptake into brain.- Tyrosine and tryptophan analogues as MAO-inhibiting prodrugs.- Altered glutamate metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and treat- ment with branched chain amino acids.- Tryptophan in the amelioration of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia.- Biochemical and behavioural study of tryptophan administration to mice treated neonatally with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.- New potent excitatory amino acids and marked potentiation of glutamate responses: Pharmacology of conformationally restricted glutamate analogues.- The neurotoxic effects of kainic acid on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium.- CSF amino acids in childhood epilepsy.- Regulation of amino acid uptake into astrocytes: One way to modulate neuronal activity.- Probing glycine interactions at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor with the 22Na flux assay.- Regulation of breathing, glycine, and other neurotransmitter amino acids in brain and cerebrospinal fluid during respiratory acidosis and ammonia infusion.- Role of GABA-mediated neurotransmission in seizures of El mice.- The kainic acid model of human temporal lobe epilepsy: The superiority of intra-amygdaloid injection versus other application routes.- Excitatory amino acids control the gastric function in the rat.- Interfering with glutamatergic neurotransmission by means of MK-801 administration discloses the locomotor stimulatory potential of other transmitter systems in rats and mice.- Glutamate and aspartate in corticofugal neurons: A combined immunocytochemical and tracing study.- The role of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the integration of respiratory and cardiovascular functions.- 2,3-Oihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline, a selective non-Af-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist, has neuroprotective properties in a model of transient global ischaemia.- 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and nimodipine improve post-ischemic changes of brain antioxidative enzyme activities only when given together.- Astroglial ablation by the glutamate analogue gliotoxin ?-aminoadipic acid prevents l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced nigrostriatal neuronal death.- Infant rats exposure to aspartate and glutamate: Neuroendocrinopathies and structural analysis of brain damage.- GYKI 52466, an inhibitor of spinal reflexes is a potent quisqualate antagonist.- Ifenprodil and SL 82.0715 antagonize the effects of NMDA via a polyamine-sensitive modulatory site.- Therapeutic potential of the atypical non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, ifenprodil and SL 82.0715, in ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.- Synthesis and neuroexcitatory activity of new kainoids.- Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate, GABA and glycine in the human retina.- Contribution of glial cells and of aspartate aminotransferase for amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism in rat brain in vivo.- Role of polyamines (spermine and spermidine) in mediating cerebral electrical activity and behaviour in rabbit.- Regulation of cortical and striatal dopamine and acetylcholine release by glutamate mechanisms assayed in vivo with microdialysis: In situ stimulation with kainate-, quisqualate- and NMDA-receptor agonists.- Section III: Pharmacology/Physiology.- Effect of arginine-aspartate on free amino acid levels in various brain regions and pituitary of stressed rats.- Effects of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan on the cardiovascular and endo- crine system in humans.- Therapeutic basis for congenital hyperammonemia: The role of amino acids and their transport systems in ureogenesis in the primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes.- Local delivery of liposome-encapsulated proline analogue prevents pulmonary hypertension in the rat.- Analogues to glutamine in clinical practice.- Effect of amino acids and their analogues on renal function.- Modulation of protein synthesis in a cell-free system from rat brain by Cerebrolysin during development and aging.- The antispastic effect of L-threonine.- Effectiveness of taurine in protecting biomembrane against oxidants.- The effect of substance L on glucose mediated cross links of collagen in the diabetic KK mouse.- Hemodynamic effects of the renin inhibitor CP-80,794 in several species.- Phosphatidylserine: Preclinical basis for a therapeutic approach to the aging brain.- Suppressive effects of dexamethasone on the availability of L-tryptophan and tyrosine to the brain of healthy controls.- Therapeutic effects of taurine and vit-E in retinitis pigmentosa.- Treatment of Leukemia 1210 intravenous transplants with tumor modifiers, redoubt cytotoxics and minor tranquilizers.- Oral treatment with branched-chain amino acids in 10 cases of hepatic encephalopathy: Dose finding, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response.- Oral glutathione increases hepatic glutathione and prevents acetaminophen toxicity.- Syntheses of thymopoietins and their immunological effects: Relationship of amino acid sequence to immunological activity.- Effect of L-tryptophan on the blood pressure of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.- Excitatory amino acid antagonists and memory: Effect of drugs acting at Af-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in learning and memory tasks.- Section IV: Metabolism.- A brief preliminary analysis of the biochemical data from patients who have attempted suicide.- Metabolic tyrosine disorder in mink and PLP therapy of hereditary tyrosinemia.- Tryptophan degradation in tumor cells undergoing rejection.- A stimulatory effect of substrates for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase on insulin secretion in mice.- Polyamines in human lymphocytes.- Modulation of amino acid-induced insulin and glucagon secretion by the hepatic vagus nerve in the rat.- Regulation of pancreatic amino acid transporters: Use of amino acids as probes for screening regional tissue metabolism in pancreatitis.- Modulation of ovine lymphocyte function by leucine and leucine metabolites.- Polyamine-derived post-translational modification of glutamine residues in intracellular proteins.- Regulatory effects of thyroid hormones on amino acid metabolism in the brain: The influence of maternal hypothyroxinemia on brain biochemistry of adult rat progeny.- The biological importance of the formation of nitric oxide from L-arginine.- Effects of infusion of leucine and other essential amino acids on leucine metabolism in humans.- The use of amino acid based CAPD fluid in chronic renal failure.- Is serum tryptophan a good indicator of CNS serotonin metabolism in chronic alcoholics with hepatopathy?.- Effects of branched chain amino acids and ketoanalogues on brain branched chain and aromatic amino acids in experimental liver disease.- Modulation by ligands of the phosphorylation state of phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase in intact hepatocytes.- Solubilization and functional reconstitution of the mitochondrial branched chain ?-keto acid transporter.- Regulation of branched chain amino acid catabolism in mammalian tissues: Characterization of the mitochondrial aminotransferase.- Effect of ornithine on albumin and transferrin secretions in rat and human hepatocyte cultures.- Hormonal regulation of glycine metabolism.- Treatment of congenital hyperammonemia with L-carnitine.- Characterization of glutamate transport in isolated adult rat heart cells.- Amino acid determination of human intestinal mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsies.- Taurine and osmoregulation: An assessment using in vivo and in vitro experimental systems.- Role of amino acids in experimental intrahepatic cholestasis.- Physiological properties of 4-chlorotryptophan, a novel natural chloroamino acid.- Cardiac metabolism and clinical effects of glutamate in controls and patients with coronary artery disease.- Changes in glutathione and cysteine levels after 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate administration in guinea pig tissues.- Estimation of maternal fetal amino acid transport and alanine production in the fetus, with stable tracer L-[15N]alanine and L-[15N]valine.- The evaluation of melatonin as a possible anti-stress hormone.- Role of glutathione metabolism in heavy metal poisoning.- Altered capacities for amino acid transport in response to liver injury by CCI4 and during subsequent regeneration.- Effects of some amino acids and peptide growth factors on wool growth and wool follicle function in sheep.- L-Arginine transport and regulation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) in cultured vascular endothelial cells.- Error rates and mechanism of substrate recognition in aminoacylation of tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.- Effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin on some aspects of amino acid and protein metabolism by the rat small intestine.- Development of high-capacity, low-affinity L-arginine transport in a proximal tubular cell line during differentiation.- Regulation of lysine biosynthesis in the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum.- The relationships between the availability of L-tryptophan in serum and HPA-axis function in postpartum females.- Biosynthetic mechanism and physiological role of heterocyclic ß-sub-stituted alanines in higher plants.- Tryptophan side chain oxidase: Types I and II from Pseudomonas.- Enzymatic derivatizations of tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins, free tryptophan, and its metabolites with tryptophan side chain oxidase types I and II from Pseudomonas.- Section V: Nutrition.- Effect of amino acid, ketoacid supplementation to a low-protein diet on diabetic nephropathy with chronic renal failure.- A novel use of amino acid ratios as an indicator of nutritional status.- Lysine and methionine in dairy cows’ nutrition.- Dietary tyrosine supplementation corrects tyrosine and dopamine deficits in diabetic rat retina.- Renal immaturity causes taurine depletion in very low birth weight infants fed with prolonged total parenteral nutrition.- Prophylactic use of amino acids in the treatment of inborn errors of the urea cycle.- Effect of methionine supplementation of low protein diets in the rat: A review.- Potential of ?-L-glutamyl-L-glutamine as an L-glutamine-containing dipeptide for parenteral nutrition.- A low protein diet supplemented with amino acids and their analogues lowers circulating ß-endorphins in chronic uremic patients.- Amino acids as energy sources in genetically fat and lean chickens.- Amino acid requirements of guinea pigs using chemically defined diets.- Bioavailability of homocyst(e)ine in rats and humans.- Feeding behavior, growth and tissue amino acids of rats fed diets containing norleucine or homoarginine.- Toxicity of D-proline.- D-Amino acids as ubiquitous constituents in fermented foods.- Author index.