Loh In-Situ Gelling Polymers

For Biomedical Applications
2015
ISBN: 978-981-287-152-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 229 Seiten

Reihe: Series in BioEngineering

This book presents the research involving in situ gelling polymers and can be used as a guidebook for academics, industrialists and postgraduates interested in this area. This work summaries the academic contributions from the top authorities in the field and explore the fundamental principles of in situ gelling polymeric networks, along with examples of their major applications. This book aims to provide an up-to-date resource of in situ gelling polymer research.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Loh, Xian Jun

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;7
3;Introduction;9
3.1;1 Outlook and Perspectives;11
3.2;References;11
4;Introduction to In Situ Forming Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications;13
4.1;Abstract;13
4.2;1 Introduction;14
4.3;2 Chemical Hydrogels;14
4.4;3 Physical Hydrogels;15
4.5;4 Combining Chemical and Physical Crosslinking;17
4.6;5 Hydrogel Rheology;17
4.7;6 Biomedical Applications;30
4.8;7 Conclusions and Prospectives;35
4.9;References;37
5;Biodegradable Thermogelling Poly(Organophosphazenes) and Their Potential Biomedical Applications;44
5.1;Abstract;44
5.2;1 Introduction;44
5.3;2 Design of Biodegradable Thermogelling Poly(Organophosphazenes);46
5.3.1;2.1 Synthetic Procedures;47
5.3.2;2.2 Thermosensitivity and Thermogelling Behaviour;51
5.3.3;2.3 Biodegradability and Hydrolysis Mechanism;55
5.4;3 Applications of Biodegradable Thermogelling Poly(Organophosphazenes);57
5.4.1;3.1 Delivery of Antitumor Drugs;57
5.4.2;3.2 Human Growth Hormone Delivery;60
5.4.3;3.3 Long-Term Magnetic Resonance Contrast Platform;61
5.4.4;3.4 Gene Delivery;62
5.4.5;3.5 Tissue Engineering;62
5.5;4 Dual Crosslinkable Biodegradable Poly(Organophosphazenes) Thermogels;63
5.6;5 Summary;66
5.7;References;66
6;Designing Hydrogels by ATRP;75
6.1;Abstract;75
6.2;1 Introduction;76
6.3;2 ATRP Fundamentals;77
6.3.1;2.1 StructureReactivity;78
6.3.2;2.2 New Developments for ppm Cu;81
6.4;3 Networks and Crosslinking in ATRP;82
6.5;4 ATRP in Water and Formation of Water Soluble Polymers;85
6.5.1;4.1 Homogeneous Aqueous ATRP;85
6.5.2;4.2 ATRP in a Heterogeneous Oil–in–Water System;87
6.5.3;4.3 ATRP in an Inverse Water–in–Oil System;89
6.6;5 Hydrogels Prepared by ATRP;90
6.7;6 Nanogels by ATRP;92
6.8;7 In Situ Formed Hydrogels;94
6.9;8 One-Component Supersoft Gels;97
6.10;9 Conclusions;99
6.11;References;99
7;Supramolecular Soft Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications;112
7.1;Abstract;112
7.2;1 Introduction;112
7.3;2 Preparation of Supramolecular Hydrogels;113
7.3.1;2.1 Hydrogen Bonding;113
7.3.2;2.2 Ionic and Associative Interactions;116
7.3.3;2.3 Host-Guest Complexation;117
7.3.4;2.4 Metal-Ligand Complexation;119
7.3.5;2.5 Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels;121
7.3.6;2.6 Other Methods;125
7.4;3 Conclusion;127
7.5;References;127
8;Peptidic Hydrogels;131
8.1;Abstract;131
8.2;1 Primary Structures;133
8.3;2 Secondary Structures;137
8.4;3 Tertiary Structures;140
8.5;4 Quaternary Structures;141
8.6;5 Hydrogel Properties;145
8.7;References;149
9;Polymeric Supramolecular Hydrogels as Materials for Medicine;155
9.1;Abstract;155
9.2;1 Introduction;155
9.3;2 Hydrogels Crosslinked by Hydrogen Bonding;158
9.4;3 Hydrogels Crosslinked by Metal Complexation;165
9.5;4 Hydrogels Crosslinked by Ionic Interactions;171
9.6;5 Conclusion and Outlook;181
9.7;References;181
10;Hydrogels for Stem Cell Fate Control and Delivery in Regenerative Medicine;190
10.1;Abstract;190
10.2;1 Introduction;191
10.3;2 Stem Cells;192
10.3.1;2.1 Adult Stem Cells;192
10.3.2;2.2 Embryonic Stem Cells;193
10.4;3 Hydrogels;193
10.4.1;3.1 Natural Hydrogels;193
10.4.1.1;3.1.1 Chemical and Physical Modifications of Natural Polymers;193
10.4.2;3.2 Synthetic Hydrogels;195
10.4.2.1;3.2.1 Synthetic Gels Prepared by Ring-Opening Polymerization;195
10.4.2.2;3.2.2 Synthetic Gels Prepared by Radical Polymerization;195
10.4.2.3;3.2.3 Synthetic Gels Prepared by the Formation of Poly(Urethane)S;196
10.4.3;3.3 Composite Hydrogels and Hybrids;197
10.5;4 Hydrogel Microenvironments for Construction of Stem Cell Niche;200
10.5.1;4.1 Hydrogels as ECM-Mimetic;200
10.5.1.1;4.1.1 Matrix Architecture;200
10.5.1.2;4.1.2 Matrix Mechanics and Degradation;201
10.5.2;4.2 Growth Factors and Biomolecules;202
10.5.3;4.3 Support Cells;203
10.6;5 Microfabricated Hydrogels;204
10.7;6 Complexity of Tissue Environment;205
10.8;7 Advanced Hydrogel Systems for Stem Cell Delivery;206
10.8.1;7.1 Multi-phased Hydrogels;206
10.8.2;7.2 Multi-functional Hydrogels;206
10.9;8 Conclusions and Perspectives;207
10.10;References;208
11;From Bench to Bedside—An Example of an In Situ Hydrogel in In Vivo Applications;218
11.1;Abstract;218
11.2;1 Introduction;218
11.3;2 Non-clinical Safety and Efficacy Evaluation;220
11.3.1;2.1 Safety Studies;220
11.3.2;2.2 Tissue Distribution Studies;221
11.4;3 Development of Oncogel™ as a Potential Cancer Therapeutic Drug;221
11.4.1;3.1 Rat Model Studies;221
11.4.1.1;3.1.1 Spinal Cord;221
11.4.1.2;3.1.2 Glioma;222
11.4.2;3.2 Pig Model Studies;225
11.4.2.1;3.2.1 Pancreatic Cancer;225
11.4.3;3.3 Human-Clinical Trials;226
11.4.3.1;3.3.1 Esophageal Cancer;227
11.5;References;228