Litwack Vitamins and Hormones

1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-0-08-045978-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 71, 488 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Vitamins and Hormones

First published in 1943, VITAMINS AND HORMONES is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the Serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, VITAMINS AND HORMONES continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.*Includes color illustrations*Available on ScienceDirect*Longest running series published by Academic Press *Contributions by leading international authorities

Autoren/Hrsg.

Litwack, Gerald

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;front cover;1
2;copyright;5
3;table of contents;6
4;Contributors;14
5;Preface;18
6;1. Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Development during Puberty: A Tale of Two Axes;19
6.1;I. INTRODUCTION 1;20
6.2;II. HPG AXIS 1;21
6.3;III. HPA AXIS 1;31
6.4;IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 1;35
6.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1;37
6.6;REFERENCES 1;37
7;2. Regulation of Oxytocin Secretion;44
7.1;I. THE HYPOTHALAMO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL OXYTOCIN SYSTEM;45
7.2;II. THE MILK-EJECTION REFLEX;47
7.3;III. CONTROL OF OXYTOCIN SECRETION AT PARTURITION;51
7.4;IV. OXYTOCIN SECRETION AND STRESS;55
7.5;V. OSMOTIC REGULATION OF OXYTOCIN SECRETION;57
7.6;VI. OXYTOCIN SECRETION AND BEHAVIOR;60
7.7;VII. CONCLUSIONS 2;64
7.8;REFERENCES 2;66
8;3. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Gene Evolution, Expression, and Regulation;76
8.1;I. THE GNRH GENES;77
8.2;II. EARLY FORMATION AND MIGRATION OF GNRH NEURONS;80
8.3;III. ANALYSIS OF GNRH GENE EXPRESSION;82
8.4;IV. REGULATION OF GNRH GENE EXPRESSION;88
8.5;V. FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CRITICAL STUDIES;98
8.6;REFERENCES 3;99
9;4. Thyroid Hormones and Brain Development;112
9.1;I. INTRODUCTION 4;113
9.2;II. MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS;114
9.3;III. CONTROL OF LOCAL BRAIN THYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS;117
9.4;IV. ROLE OF THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS;119
9.5;V. REGULATION OF BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION;123
9.6;V. REGULATION OF BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION BY THYROID HORMONE;123
9.7;VI. CONCLUSIONS 4;131
9.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4;132
9.9;REFERENCES 4;132
10;5. Estrogen Signaling in the Hypothalamus;140
10.1;I. HYPOTHALAMUS AND FEEDBACK OF E2 ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC– PITUITARY AXIS;141
10.2;II. TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNALING OF ESTROGEN IN HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS;144
10.3;III. MEMBRANE-INITIATED SIGNALING BY ESTROGEN IN HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS;146
10.4;IV. COUPLING OF A MEMBRANE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR TO SIGNALING CASCADES;150
10.5;V. CROSS-TALK BETWEEN E2 SIGNALING WITH OTHER SIGNALING CASCADES;152
10.6;VI. CONCLUSIONS 5;153
10.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5;154
10.8;REFERENCES 5;154
11;6. Hormonal Influences on Cancer Progression and Prognosis;163
11.1;I. INTRODUCTION 6;165
11.2;II. HORMONE-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF INVASIVE BEHAVIOR;165
11.3;III. ESTROGENS AND PROGESTINS ON BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION AND PROGNOSIS;173
11.4;IV. ANDROGEN RECEPTORS IN PROSTATE CANCER;197
11.5;V. VITAMIN D3 IN CELL PROLIFERATION, APOPTOSIS, AND DIFFERENTIATION;199
11.6;VI. RA AND ITS RECEPTORS IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION, PROLIFERATION, AND SURVIVAL;200
11.7;VII. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON CANCER PROGRESSION;202
11.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6;204
11.9;REFERENCES 6;204
12;7. Antiestrogens, Aromatase Inhibitors, and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer;217
12.1;I. INTRODUCTION 7;218
12.2;II. ESTROGEN AND ERS;219
12.3;III. ANTIESTROGENS;221
12.4;IV. AROMATASE INHIBITORS, ESTROGEN INDEPENDENCE, AND ANTIESTROGENS;222
12.5;V. ANTIESTROGENS VERSUS AROMATASE INHIBITORS AS ENDOCRINE THERAPIES;225
12.6;VI. APOPTOSIS;226
12.7;VII. ANTIESTROGEN RESISTANCE AND DEFECTS IN APOPTOSIS;235
12.8;VIII. DE NOVO ANTIESTROGEN RESISTANCE;238
12.9;IX. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 7;240
12.10;REFERENCES 7;241
13;8. Glucocorticoid Receptor and Heat Shock Factor 1: Novel Mechanism of Reciprocal Regulation;254
13.1;I. INTRODUCTION 8;255
13.2;II. GR AND HSF1 ARE CHAPERONED BY SIMILAR HSP90/TPR PROTEIN COMPLEXES;256
13.3;III. STRESS POTENTIATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR- MEDIATED GENE EXPRESSION;261
13.4;IV. GR REGULATION OF HSF1;266
13.5;V. SPECULATIONS ON GR AND HSF1 RECIPROCAL REGULATION;268
13.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 8;272
13.7;REFERENCES 8;272
14;9. C19-5-ene Steroids in Nature;278
14.1;I. INTRODUCTION 9;279
14.2;II. DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE;280
14.3;III. ANDROSTENEDIOL (ANDROST-5-ENE- 3b,17b- DIOL; ADIOL);291
14.4;IV. 7-OXYGENATED STEROIDS;294
14.5;V. 16-HYDROXYDHEA;296
14.6;REFERENCES 9;298
14.7;FURTHER READINGS 9;313
15;10. The Androgen Receptor: Unlocking the Secrets of Its Uinque Transactivation Domain;315
15.1;I. THE ANDROGEN SIGNALING AXIS;316
15.2;II. THE ROLE OF AR IN PROSTATE CANCER;317
15.3;III. OVERVIEW OF AR STRUCTURE;318
15.4;IV. THE AR LBD;319
15.5;V. THE AR DBD;320
15.6;VI. THE AR NTD;321
15.7;VII. AR AF-1 AND AF-5;322
15.8;VIII. Q AND G REPEATS;323
15.9;IX. AR NTD SIGNATURE SEQUENCE;324
15.10;X. FXXLF AND WXXLF MOTIFS;324
15.11;XI. PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE AR NTD;325
15.12;XII. SUMOYLATION AT NRM1 AND NRM2;326
15.13;XIII. AR NTD-ASSOCIATED COFACTORS;327
15.14;XIV. THE FOCUS ON AR NTD;329
15.15;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 10;330
15.16;REFERENCES 10;330
16;11. Cytokine Recognition by Human Interleukin 5 Receptor;334
16.1;I. INTRODUCTION 11;335
16.2;II. ASSEMBLY AND ACTIVATION MECHANISM OF IL-5 RECEPTOR;337
16.3;III. RELATIONSHIP OF CYTOPLASMIC SIGNALING BY IL-5 TO RECEPTOR ORGANIZATION;339
16.4;IV. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF IL-5;341
16.5;V. MAPPING OF BINDING EPITOPE ON IL-5 RECEPTOR;345
16.6;VI. PEPTIDE APPROACH TO IL-5 MIMETICS;349
16.7;VII. CONCLUSION-FUTURE STUDY FOR CYTOKINE RECOGNITION;351
16.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11;353
16.9;REFERENCES 11;353
17;12. Leptin: Structure, Function and Biology;358
17.1;I. LEPTIN;359
17.2;II. LEPTIN STRUCTURE;361
17.3;III. LEPTIN RECEPTOR;364
17.4;IV. LEPTIN-BINDING PROTEIN;365
17.5;V. LEPTIN-RECEPTOR BINDING MODEL;368
17.6;VI. LEPTIN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;370
17.7;VII. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION;375
17.8;VIII. CONCLUSION 12;377
17.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12;378
17.10;REFERENCES 12;378
18;13. Leptin Gene Polymorphisms and Their Phenotypic Associations;386
18.1;I. INTRODUCTION 13;387
18.2;II. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LEPTIN GENE AND LEPTIN PROTEIN;388
18.3;III. POLYMORPHISMS IN THE HUMAN LEPTIN GENE;391
18.4;IV. POLYMORPHISMS IN THE BOVINE LEPTIN GENE;401
18.5;V. POLYMORPHISMS IN THE PORCINE LEPTIN GENE;406
18.6;VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS 13;410
18.7;REFERENCES 13;411
19;14. Ghrelin, the Same Peptide for Different Functions: Player or Bystander?;418
19.1;I. INTRODUCTION 14;419
19.2;II. GHRELIN, THE FIRST OREXIGENIC GASTROINTESTINAL ACYLATED PEPTIDE: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND STRUCTURES;420
19.3;III. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND REGULATION;422
19.4;IV. MECHANISM OF ACTION;425
19.5;V. BIOLOGICAL ACTION;427
19.6;VI. GHRELIN AND GHRELIN RECEPTOR KNOCKOUT: RELEVANT OR REDUNDANT?;436
19.7;VII. CONCLUSIONS 14;437
19.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 14;438
19.9;REFERENCES 14;439
20;15. Cholecystokinin and Adrenal-Cortex Secretion;446
20.1;I. INTRODUCTION 15;447
20.2;II. BIOLOGY OF CCK AND ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS;447
20.3;III. CCK AND ITS RECEPTORS IN THE HPA AXIS;453
20.4;IV. EFFECTS OF CCK ON ADRENAL-CORTEX SECRETION;454
20.5;V. CONCLUDING REMARKS 15;458
20.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 15;459
20.7;REFERENCES 15;459
21;index;467
22;Colour Plates;481