Limongelli / Çelebi Seismic Structural Health Monitoring

From Theory to Successful Applications
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-3-030-13976-6
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 446 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering

This book includes a collection of state-of-the-art contributions addressing both theoretical developments in, and successful applications of, seismic structural health monitoring (S2HM). Over the past few decades, Seismic SHM has expanded considerably, due to the growing demand among various stakeholders (owners, managers and engineering professionals) and researchers. The discipline has matured in the process, as can be seen by the number of S2HM systems currently installed worldwide. Furthermore, the responses recorded by S2HM systems hold great potential, both with regard to the management of emergency situations and to ordinary maintenance needs. The book's 17 chapters, prepared by leading international experts, are divided into four major sections. The first comprises six chapters describing the specific requirements of S2HM systems for different types of civil structures and infrastructures (buildings, bridges, cultural heritage, dams, structures with base isolation devices) and for monitoring different phenomena (e.g. soil-structure interaction and excessive drift). The second section describes available methods and computational tools for data processing, while the third is dedicated to hardware and software tools for S2HM. In the book's closing section, five chapters report on state-of-the-art applications of S2HM around the world.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Limongelli, Maria Pina

Çelebi, Mehmet

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;S2HM for Civil Structures;14
4;1 S2HM of Buildings in USA;15
4.1;1.1 Introduction and Rationale;16
4.2;1.2 Historical Background and Requisites;17
4.3;1.3 Early Applications;22
4.3.1;1.3.1 Using GPS for Direct Measurements of Displacements;22
4.3.2;1.3.2 Early Development—S2HM Use of Displacement Via Real-Time Double Integration of Accelerations;27
4.4;1.4 Brief Note on Other U.S. and Non-U.S. Developments Since 2000;37
4.5;1.5 Conclusions;38
4.6;References;39
5;2 Seismic Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges in British Columbia, Canada;43
5.1;2.1 Introduction;44
5.2;2.2 BCSIMS Architecture;45
5.2.1;2.2.1 Strong Motion Network;46
5.2.2;2.2.2 Structural Health Monitoring Network;48
5.3;2.3 Conclusion;59
5.4;References;60
6;3 Seismic Structural Health Monitoring of Cultural Heritage Structures;62
6.1;3.1 Introduction;62
6.2;3.2 The Role of Structural Health Monitoring in the Analysis and Preservation of Architectural Heritage;65
6.2.1;3.2.1 Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring for Cultural Heritage;69
6.2.2;3.2.2 Continuous Monitoring of Cultural Heritage and Wandering of Dynamic Parameters;70
6.3;3.3 Examples of Vibration-Based Investigation of Architectural Heritage;72
6.3.1;3.3.1 The Madonnina della Neve Church, an Example of Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring Aimed at Designing Seismic Strengthening Interventions;72
6.3.2;3.3.2 The Former Clinker Warehouse of Casale Monferrato, a 20th Century Industrial Architectural Heritage;76
6.4;3.4 Periodic Dynamic Investigations in Post-earthquake Scenarios;82
6.4.1;3.4.1 The Bell-Tower of Santa Maria Maggiore Cathedral in Mirandola, an Example of Dynamic Investigations in Post-earthquake Scenarios;83
6.5;3.5 Continuous Monitoring;86
6.5.1;3.5.1 The Sanctuary of Vicoforte, an Example of CH Building Subjected to Permanent Static and Seismic Structural Health Monitoring;87
6.6;References;91
7;4 Seismic and Structural Health Monitoring of Dams in Portugal;97
7.1;4.1 Introduction;97
7.2;4.2 Systems for Continuously Monitoring Vibrations in Large Dams;98
7.3;4.3 Monitoring and Modelling the Dynamic Behavior of Large Dams;98
7.4;4.4 Hardware and Software Components for Continuous Monitoring Vibrations Systems;100
7.5;4.5 The Need for Software Development;103
7.6;4.6 Numerical Modelling of Dam-Reservoir-Foundation Systems;106
7.7;4.7 Cabril Dam Seismic and Structural Health Monitoring System;107
7.7.1;4.7.1 Comparison of Experimental Modal Parameters with Numerical Modal Parameters;112
7.8;4.8 Measured Seismic Response;113
7.9;4.9 Baixo Sabor Dam SSHM System: Main Monitoring Results Under Ambient Excitation and Seismic Loading;116
7.10;4.10 Conclusions;120
7.11;References;122
8;5 Monitored Seismic Behavior of Base Isolated Buildings in Italy;124
8.1;5.1 Introduction;124
8.2;5.2 Seismic Behavior of Isolation Devices;127
8.2.1;5.2.1 Behaviour of HDRB Devices;128
8.2.2;5.2.2 Behaviour of CSS Devices;129
8.3;5.3 The New Jovine School in San Giuliano di Puglia;130
8.4;5.4 The Operative Centre of the Civil Protection Centre at Foligno;132
8.5;5.5 The Forestry Building of the Civil Protection Centre at Foligno;136
8.6;5.6 Building with Single Curve Surface Sliders;137
8.7;5.7 From Short Time to Real Time Monitoring;139
8.8;5.8 Conclusions;142
8.9;References;145
9;6 Identification of Soil-Structure Systems;147
9.1;6.1 Introduction;147
9.2;6.2 Identification of SSI Systems;150
9.2.1;6.2.1 Blind Modal Identification (BMID) Techniques;150
9.2.2;6.2.2 Model-Based Identification Techniques;165
9.3;6.3 Conclusions;171
9.4;References;173
10;Methods and Tools for Data Processing;176
11;7 Structural Health Monitoring: Real-Time Data Analysis and Damage Detection;177
11.1;7.1 Introduction;178
11.2;7.2 Real-Time SHM Data Analysis;179
11.3;7.3 Damage Detection Methods;188
11.4;7.4 Conclusion;201
11.5;References;202
12;8 Model Updating Techniques for Structures Under Seismic Excitation;204
12.1;8.1 Introduction;204
12.2;8.2 Previous Studies;206
12.2.1;8.2.1 FEM Updating with Linear Models for Seismic Performance Assessment;207
12.2.2;8.2.2 FEM Updating with Linear Models for Damage Detection;209
12.2.3;8.2.3 FEM Updating with Non-linear Models;211
12.3;8.3 Methods;211
12.3.1;8.3.1 Error Minimization-Based FEM Updating;211
12.3.2;8.3.2 Sensitivity-Based FEM Updating;212
12.4;8.4 Case Studies;213
12.4.1;8.4.1 Case1-Tall Building;214
12.4.2;8.4.2 Case 2-Stone Arch Bridge;216
12.5;8.5 Conclusions;218
12.6;References;219
13;9 Damage Localization Through Vibration Based S2HM: A Survey;222
13.1;9.1 Introduction;223
13.2;9.2 Damage Features Based on the Detection of Shape Irregularity;224
13.2.1;9.2.1 Modal and Operational Shapes;224
13.2.2;9.2.2 Shape Variation Due to a Loss of Stiffness;226
13.3;9.3 Damage Localization;228
13.3.1;9.3.1 Methods Based on Curvature;228
13.3.2;9.3.2 Methods Based on the Indirect Detection of Curvature Changes;230
13.4;9.4 Damage Indices and Thresholds;232
13.5;9.5 Case Studies;233
13.6;9.6 The UCLA Factor Building;233
13.7;9.7 The 7th Storey Portion of Building at UCSD;236
13.7.1;9.7.1 Damage Scenarios;237
13.8;9.8 Conclusions;238
13.9;References;239
14;10 Model–Based Methods of Damage Identification of Structures Under Seismic Excitation;241
14.1;10.1 Introduction;241
14.2;10.2 Elimination of Environmental Influences;244
14.3;10.3 Model-Based Damage Identification Based on Modal Parameters;245
14.3.1;10.3.1 Damage Identification of the Z24 Bridge;245
14.3.2;10.3.2 Earthquake Induced Damage of a Building: Simulated Case;251
14.3.3;10.3.3 Earthquake Induced Damage of a Building: Laboratory Experiment;254
14.4;10.4 Non-Linear System (Damage) Identification;258
14.5;10.5 Wave-Based Methods;259
14.6;10.6 Conclusions;261
14.7;References;262
15;Monitoring Tools;264
16;11 An Optical Technique for Measuring Transient and Residual Interstory Drift as Seismic Structural Health Monitoring (S2HM) Observables;265
16.1;11.1 Introduction;265
16.2;11.2 Optically-Based Measurements for Interstory Drift;268
16.3;11.3 Sensor Testbeds and Experimental Evaluation of DDPS Performance;270
16.3.1;11.3.1 Testbed #1: DDPS Inherent Measurement Performance;270
16.3.2;11.3.2 Testbed #2: DDPS Performance on a Laboratory Planar Frame;271
16.3.3;11.3.3 Testbed #3: DDPS Performance on a Scaled 3D Steel Frame Under Bidirectional Excitation;273
16.4;11.4 Model-Based Simulations of Sensor System Performance;275
16.5;11.5 Conclusions;276
16.6;References;279
17;12 Hardware and Software Solutions for Seismic SHM of Hospitals;281
17.1;12.1 Introduction;281
17.2;12.2 Design of Seismic SHM Systems for Health Facilities;283
17.2.1;12.2.1 Accuracy;285
17.2.2;12.2.2 Budget Compliance;286
17.2.3;12.2.3 Computational Burden;287
17.2.4;12.2.4 Durability;288
17.2.5;12.2.5 Ease of Use;288
17.3;12.3 Data Processing for Seismic SHM of Hospitals;288
17.4;12.4 Seismic SHM of Hospitals: Notes from a Field Experience;291
17.4.1;12.4.1 Structural Monitoring of Campobasso’s Main Hospital;292
17.4.2;12.4.2 Detection of Earthquake-Induced Damage;296
17.4.3;12.4.3 Dynamic Testing of Equipment;297
17.5;12.5 Conclusions;299
17.6;References;300
18;Applications of S2HM Around the World;303
19;13 S2HM in Some European Countries;304
19.1;13.1 Introduction;304
19.2;13.2 S2HM in Italy: The Italian Seismic Observatory of Structures;305
19.2.1;13.2.1 Data Analysis and Dissemination;310
19.3;13.3 S2HM in France: The French National Building Array Program;314
19.3.1;13.3.1 Description of the Buildings;315
19.3.2;13.3.2 Data Policy;319
19.3.3;13.3.3 Results at a Glance;321
19.4;13.4 S2HM in Greece—The ITSAK Experience;322
19.4.1;13.4.1 Instrumented Buildings;323
19.4.2;13.4.2 Instrumented Bridges;329
19.5;13.5 Seismic SHM and Testing for Cultural Heritage in Portugal;330
19.5.1;13.5.1 Operational Framework for Rapid Condition Screening of Heritage Structures;331
19.5.2;13.5.2 Instrumented Buildings and Data Analysis;333
19.6;13.6 Conclusions;340
19.7;References;341
20;14 S2HM Practice and Lessons Learned from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan;345
20.1;14.1 Introduction;345
20.2;14.2 Lessons Learned from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake;346
20.2.1;14.2.1 Ground Motions;346
20.2.2;14.2.2 Damaged Buildings;347
20.2.3;14.2.3 Response to Long-Period Long-Duration Earthquake Motion;348
20.2.4;14.2.4 Change in Dynamic Characteristics of Buildings During the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake;350
20.3;14.3 Influence Factors in the Dynamic Characteristics of Buildings;350
20.3.1;14.3.1 Target Building;350
20.3.2;14.3.2 Change in Dynamic Characteristics with Time;350
20.3.3;14.3.3 Amplitude Dependence of Dynamic Characteristics;352
20.4;14.4 Damage of High-Rise Buildings and Applications of S2HM to Emergency Management During the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake;354
20.4.1;14.4.1 Recorded Strong Motions and Damage of a High-Rise Building in Tokyo During the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake;354
20.4.2;14.4.2 Earthquake Early Warning and Real-Time Damage Assessment Systems, and Emergency Management During the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake;356
20.5;14.5 Conclusions;359
20.6;References;359
21;15 Building Structural Health Monitoring Under Earthquake and Blasting Loading: The Chilean Experience;361
21.1;15.1 Introduction;362
21.2;15.2 Monitoring;362
21.3;15.3 Identification and Monitoring System Experience;363
21.3.1;15.3.1 Building 1, Office Building;364
21.3.2;15.3.2 Building 2, Base Isolated Building;371
21.3.3;15.3.3 Building 3, Steel Building;376
21.4;15.4 Conclusions;380
21.5;References;382
22;16 Developments in Seismic Instrumentation and Health Monitoring of Structures in New Zealand;384
22.1;16.1 Introduction;384
22.2;16.2 Seismic Monitoring Network in New Zealand;386
22.2.1;16.2.1 Ground Motion Monitoring;386
22.2.2;16.2.2 Structural Response Monitoring;388
22.2.3;16.2.3 Learning from Recent Earthquake Events;389
22.3;16.3 Long Term Structural Health Monitoring;390
22.4;16.4 Structure and Instrumentation;393
22.4.1;16.4.1 Thorndon Bridge;393
22.4.2;16.4.2 Instrumentation;393
22.4.3;16.4.3 Strong Earthquakes Recorded During Monitoring Period Between 1st of January and 31st of December 2013;395
22.5;16.5 Results and Discussion;397
22.5.1;16.5.1 Dynamic Characteristics of the Bridge;397
22.5.2;16.5.2 Vibration Intensity of the Bridge;398
22.5.3;16.5.3 Earthquake-Induced Vibration Data;401
22.6;16.6 Conclusions;403
22.7;References;404
23;17 Seismic Monitoring of Seismically Isolated Bridges and Buildings in Japan—Case Studies and Lessons Learned;406
23.1;17.1 Introduction;407
23.2;17.2 Seismic Monitoring of Seismically-Isolated Short and Medium Span Bridges;408
23.2.1;17.2.1 Matsunohama Viaduct;409
23.2.2;17.2.2 Yamaage Bridge;412
23.3;17.3 Seismic Monitoring of Seismically-Isolated Long-Span Bridges;416
23.3.1;17.3.1 Seismic Monitoring of Yokohama-Bay Cable-Stayed Bridge;417
23.4;17.4 Seismic Monitoring of Seismically-Isolated Buildings;423
23.4.1;17.4.1 Responses of 20-Story Base-Isolated Building;424
23.5;17.5 Seismic Retrofit of National Museum of Western Art Tokyo Using Base-Isolation System;433
23.5.1;17.5.1 Seismic Response of the Building During 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake;436
23.5.2;17.5.2 Analytical Hysteresis Model;438
23.5.3;17.5.3 Analytical Structural Model;440
23.5.4;17.5.4 Seismic Response Analyses;440
23.6;17.6 Conclusions;443
23.7;References;445