Buch, Englisch, 368 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 237 mm, Gewicht: 634 g
Fractures and Fatigue of Metal and Composites
Buch, Englisch, 368 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 237 mm, Gewicht: 634 g
ISBN: 978-1-83669-026-9
Verlag: Wiley
Rheology, Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Materials 5 studies fractures and fatigue in metallic materials and composites. It analyzes the mechanisms at work according to the types of damage and fractures observed.
This book covers the formation of cracks around inclusions or precipitates, ductile and cup fracture facies, abrupt or intergranular fractures, cleavage and the influence of strain rates in striction and fracture. It also looks at the formability limit curves of metals under dynamic actions and techniques used.
Regarding metals, the book studies the types of tests, cracking mechanisms, and laws relating to uncracked and cracked parts, as well as endurance limits. As for composites, fracture mechanisms for unidirectional and laminate materials, successive layer fractures, maximum and quadratic stress and/or strain criteria, and fracture envelopes are analyzed.
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Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Chapter 1 Damage 1
1.1 Definition 1
1.2 Damage variables 2
1.3 Effective stress 3
1.4 Principle of strain equivalence 5
1.5 Experimental characterization of the damage 6
1.5.1 Changes in mechanical characteristics 6
1.5.2 Modifications of the material 7
1.5.3 Wear rate 7
1.6 Models of the progression of the damage D 9
1.6.1 Dissipation 9
1.6.2 Types of damage 10
Chapter 2 Ductile Fracture 17
2.1 Stages of ductile tearing 17
2.1.1 First step: damage by decohesion, cracking of inclusions, impurities, precipitates, cavity formation 17
2.1.2 Second stage: growing cavities, formation of peduncles followed by necking, giving rise to ductile tearing 18
2.2 Linear ductile plastic damage during strain 20
2.3 Formation of cracks around inclusions or precipitates, cavities in ductile fracture 23
2.3.1 Formation of cracks from particles for Figure 2.5(b): the case of multiple metals 28
2.3.2 Aluminum–silicon alloy 29
2.4 Analysis of facies of ductile fractures of trichite and metals according to the purity and the state of the stresses 30
2.4.1 Whisker fracture (Cu and Fe) 30
2.4.2 Polycrystals CC and CFC in ductile fracture: influence of stress states and purity 33
2.4.3 Ductile fracture of steel test pieces without notches 34
2.4.4 Fracture of pure iron specimens 35
2.4.5 Ductile fracture of industrial copper specimens of purity 4N and 5N 36
2.4.6 Cases of zones of melted Fe, Cu (4N, 5N and industrial), aluminum (3N, 5N and industrial) – uniaxial and triaxial stresses 40
2.5 Relationship between the density of inclusions and ductility 44
2.5.1 Sintered copper made up of particles 44
2.5.2 Alumina 46
Chapter 3 Sudden Fracture, Fracture Energy 53
3.1 Analysis of the fracture 53
3.2 Sudden fracture and energy criterion 54
3.2.1 Energy balance causing the crack to advance 54
3.2.2 Obtaining Gc 56
3.2.3 Data for Gc and Kc 58
3.2.4 Examples of sudden fractures 64
Chapter 4 Description and Modeling of Physical Mechanisms 73
4.1 Expansion of cracks 73
4.2 Calculation of rp: the case of confined plasticity 74
4.3 Elastoplastic zone at the end of a crack 76
4.4 Stress and strain field at the end of the crack 77
Chapter 5 Fractures due to Cleavages and Intergranularity 81
5.1 Fractures from cleavages 81
5.1.1 Examples of fractures by cleavage 82
5.1.2 Change of micromechanisms 84
5.2 Intergranular fracture 85
5.2.1 Fractures along interfaces, grain boundary 85
5.2.2 Intergranular brittle fracture 86
5.2.3 Metal fracture transition parameter 87
5.2.4 Influence of the grain boundary 91
5.2.5 Cleavage strain of steels 92
5.2.6 Influence of the addition elements on the brittle–ductile transition 93
Chapter 6 Concentration of Stresses K t 97
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Measure of Kt 99
6.2.1 By extensometry gauges 99
6.2.2 By photoelasticimetry 100
6.3 Solids with equal resistances 101
6.4 Notching effect 102
6.5 Reduction of the stress concentration factor: the case of notched objects 104
6.6 Effect of notches under fatigue 105
6.7 Stress concentration values Kt: useful cases in practice 107
Chapter 7 The Intensity Factor of Stresses K 111
7.1 Introduction 111
7.2 Fields of stresses and movements 113
7.2.1 Mode I 113
7.2.2 Mode II 115
7.2.3 Mode III 117
7.2.4 Values of K for flat cracked medium 118
7.2.5 Area at the bottom of the crack 121
7.2.6 Influence of the plastic zone undergoing cracking 124
7.3 Remarks regarding K = s vpa 125
7.4 Values of the stress intensities KI, KII, KIII for the thr
