Kümmerer Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks
2001
ISBN: 978-3-662-04634-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 265 Seiten, eBook

Following the success of the first edition, this pioneering study of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been updated and greatly extended. It includes the status of research on pharmaceuticals in soil, with attention to terrestrial and aquatic environments as well as new substance categories such as tetracylines and chinolones and the latest results concerning contamination of the environment and risk reduction.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kümmerer, Klaus

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Introduction: Pharmaceuticals in the Environment.-
Part I. Emission, Occurrence, Fate and Effects:
2. Effects on Pharmaceuticals in the Environment - an Overview and Principle Considerations.

3. Environmental Loads and Detection of Pharmaceuticals in Italy.

4. Emission and Biodegradability of Pharmaceuticals, Contrast Media, Disinfectants and AOX from Hospitals.

5. Emissions from Clinical-Chemical Laboratories.

6. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Focus on 17 alpha-ethinyloestradiol.

7. What Do We Know about Antibiotics in the Environment?

8. Antibiotics in the Environment: Zinc Bacitracin - Environmental Toxicity and Breakdown.

9. Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Environment and their Significance for Drinking Water Production.

10. Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Contaminants: Modelling Distribution and Fate.-

Part II. Risk Assessment:
11. Risk Assessment of Organic Xenobiotics in the Environment.

12. Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals.
13. Worst-Case Estimations of Predicted Environmental Soil Concentrations (PEC) of Selected Veterinary Antibiotics and Residues Used in Danish Agriculture.

14. Regulatory and Methodological Aspects Concerning the Risk Assessment for Medicinal Products; Need for Research.
15. A Data-based Perspective on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals I - Collation of Available Ecotoxicity.

16. A Data-based Perspective on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals II - Aquatic Risk Characterisation.

17. A Data-based Perspective on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals III - Indirect Human Exposure.

18. The ECO-SHADOW Concept - A New Way of Following Environmental Impacts of Antimicrobials.-

Part III. Perspectives:

19. Present Knowledge and Need for Further Research.-
Subject Index.