Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems

4th Auflage
ISBN: 978-1-394-29386-5
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 496 Seiten, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 231 mm, Gewicht: 703 g

New edition of the popular reference on machine analysis, focusing on reference frame theory with techniques for derivation of equations

Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems covers the concepts needed to understand the evolution of electrical and magnetic variables for designing the power-electronic circuits that supply or extract electrical energy from a variety of machines, comprehensively addressing the varied needs of readers in the electric machinery, electric drives, and electric power industries.

This fourth edition has been extensively revised and updated to include nine new or updated chapters on symmetrical three-phase stators, symmetrical induction machines, brushless DC machines, synchronous machines, neglecting electric transients, eigenvalues and voltage-behind-reactive machine equations, direct current machine and drive, and torque control of permanent-magnet and synchronous reluctance machines.

Introductory concepts related to the subject have also been expanded upon, detailing stationary magnetically coupled circuits, energy balance relationships, energy in coupling field, and steady-state and dynamic performance of electromechanical systems. The fourth edition also includes illustrations of the free-acceleration characteristics of induction and brushless dc machines viewed from various reference frames and many other topics.

With problems at the end of each chapter to reinforce learning, the book explores additional topics including: - Operational impedances and time constraints of synchronous machines, covering Park’s equations in operational form and parameters from short-circuit and frequency-response characteristics
- Fully controlled three-phase bridge converters, covering six-step, sine-triangle, space-vector, hysteresis, and delta modulations, along with open- and closed-loop voltage and current regulations
- Motor drives, covering volts-per-hertz, constant slip current, field-oriented, and direct torque control as well as slip energy recovery drives

- Brushless DC motor drives, covering average-value analysis, steady-state performance, and transient and dynamic performance of voltage-source inverter drives

Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, Fourth Edition, is a perfect resource for electrical engineering students and an essential, up-to-date reference for electrical and mechanical engineers working with drives.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Krause, Paul C

Wasynczuk, Oleg

Sudhoff, Scott D

Pekarek, Steven D

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Elektromotoren
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Leistungselektronik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

About the Authors xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

About the Companion Website xvii

1 Introductory Concepts 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Stationary Magnetically Coupled Circuits 1

1.2.1 Nonlinear Magnetic System 8

1.3 Energy Balance Relationships 13

1.4 Energy in Coupling Field 18

1.5 Electromagnetic Forces 24

1.6 Steady-State and Dynamic Performance of an Electromechanical System 27

References 33

Problems 33

2 Symmetrical Three-Phase Stator 37

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 Stator Winding Configuration and Air-Gap mmf 37

2.3 Transformation Equations 41

2.4 Voltage Equations in Arbitrary Reference Frame 46

2.4.1 Electric Power 49

2.5 Transformation Between Reference Frames 49

2.6 P-Pole Machines 51

2.7 Transformation of a Balanced Set 52

2.8 Instantaneous and Steady-State Phasors 56

2.9 Variables Observed from Several Frames of Reference 57

References 63

Problems 63

3 Symmetrical Induction Machine 65

3.1 Introduction 65

3.2 Induction Machine 65

3.3 Transformation of Rotor Windings to the Arbitrary Reference Frame 67

3.4 Voltage, Flux-Linkage Equations, and Equivalent Circuit 70

3.5 Torque Expressed in Arbitrary Reference Frame Variables 75

3.6 Computer Simulation in the Arbitrary Reference Frame 77

3.7 Per Unit System 78

3.8 Steady-State Equivalent Circuit and Common Modes of Operation 81

3.9 Free-Acceleration Torque Versus Speed Characteristics 89

3.10 Free-Acceleration Characteristics Viewed from Various Reference Frames 97

3.11 Dynamic Performance During Sudden Changes in Load Torque 102

References 105

Problems 105

4 Brushless DC Machine 109

4.1 Introduction 109

4.2 Voltage Equations in Machine Variables 109

4.3 Voltage and Torque Equations in Rotor Reference Frame Variables 113

4.4 Instantaneous and Steady-State Phasors 116

4.5 Field Orientation of a Brushless DC Drive 117

4.5.1 Brushless Dc Motor Operation with F V = 0 118

4.5.2 Maximum-Torque-Per-Volt Operation of a Brushless dc Drive (f V = F Vmt/v) 121

4.5.3 Maximum-Torque-Per-Ampere Operation of a Brushless dc Drive (f V = F Vmt/a) 124

References 125

Problems 126

5 Synchronous Machines 127

5.1 Introduction 127

5.2 Windings of a Synchronous Machine 128

5.3 Voltage Equations in Rotor Reference Frame Variables 130

5.4 Torque Expressions Positive for Motor Action 133

5.5 Time-Domain Block Diagram 133

5.6 Rotor Angle and Angle Between Rotors 136

5.7 Per Unit System 137

5.8 Analysis of Steady-State Operation 138

5.9 Stator Currents Positive out of Machine—Synchronous Generator Operation 143

5.9.1 Dynamic Performance during a Sudden Change in Input Torque 147

5.9.2 Dynamic Performance during a Three-Phase Fault at the Machine Terminals 153

References 158

Problems 158

6 Neglecting Electric Transients 163

6.1 Introduction 163

6.2 Neglecting Stator Electric Transients 163

6.3 Induction Machine with Stator Transients Neglected 166

6.3.1 Free-Acceleration Characteristics 166

6.4 The Synchronous Machine with Stator Transients Neglected 170

6.4.1 Three-Phase Fault at Machine Terminals 171

References 175

Problems 175

7 Machine Equations in Operational Impedances and Time Constants 177

7.1 Introduction 177

7.2 Park’s Equations in Operational form 178

7.3 Operational Impedances and G(P) for a Synchronous Machine with Four Rotor Windings 178

7.4 Standard Synchronous Machine Reactances 182

7.5 Standard Synchronous Machine Time Constants 184

7.6 Derived Synchronous Machine Time Constants 185

7.7 Parameters from Short-Circuit Characteristics 188

7.8 Parameters from Frequency-Response Characteristics 196

References 202

Problems 204

8 Eigenvalues and Voltage-Behind-Reactance Machine Equations 207

8.1 Introduction 207

8.2 Machine Equations to be Linearized 208

8.2.1 Induction Machine 208

8.2.2 Synchronous Machine 209

8.3 Linearization of Machine Equations 210

8.3.1 Induction Machine 211

8.3.2 Synchronous Machines 213

8.4 Small-Displacement Stability—Eigenvalues 216

8.5 Eigenvalues of Typical Induction Machines 216

8.6 Eigenvalues of Typical Synchronous Machines 220

8.7 Detailed Voltage-Behind-Reactance Model 221

8.8 Reduced-Order Voltage-Behind-Reactance Model 230

References 231

Problems 232

9 Semi-Controlled Bridge Converters 233

9.1 Introduction 233

9.2 Single-Phase Load Commutated Converter 233

9.3 Three-Phase Load Commutated Converter 245

9.4 Conclusions and Extensions 256

References 257

Problems 258

10 Fully Controlled Three-Phase Bridge Converters 259

10.1 Introduction 259

10.2 The Three-Phase Bridge Converter 259

10.3 Six-Step Operation 265

10.4 Six-Step Modulation 273

10.5 Sine-Triangle Modulation 278

10.6 Extended Sine-Triangle Modulation 283

10.7 Space-Vector Modulation 285

10.8 Hysteresis Modulation 289

10.9 Delta Modulation 292

10.10 Open-Loop Voltage and Current Regulation 293

10.11 Closed-Loop Voltage and Current Regulation 296

References 300

Problems 302

11 Direct-Current Machine and Drive 305

11.1 Introduction 305

11.2 Commutation 306

11.3 Voltage and Torque Equations 309

11.4 Permanent-Magnet dc Machine 311

11.5 dc Drive 313

11.5.1 Average-Value Time-Domain Block Diagram 316

11.5.2 Torque Control 318

Reference 319

Problems 319

12 Torque Control of Permanent-Magnet and Synchronous Reluctance Machines 321

12.1 Introduction 321

12.2 Torque Control of a Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 322

12.2.1 Maximum Steady-State Torque Versus Speed 324

12.3 Simulation of a Permanent-Magnet AC Machine with Torque Control 331

12.3.1 Electrical Dynamics 333

12.3.2 Mechanical Dynamics 333

12.3.3 System-Level Simulation Block Diagram 334

12.3.4 System Studies 335

12.3.5 Reduced-Order Simulation 339

12.4 Torque Control of a Synchronous Reluctance Machine 339

References 347

Problems 348

13 Induction Motor Drives 351

13.1 Introduction 351

13.2 Volts-Per-Hertz Control 351

13.3 Constant Slip Current Control 358

13.4 Field-Oriented Control 365

13.5 Direct Field-Oriented Control 369

13.6 Robust Direct Field-Oriented Control 371

13.7 Indirect Rotor Field-Oriented Control 376

13.8 Direct Torque Control 379

13.9 Slip Energy Recovery Drives 383

13.10 Conclusions 386

References 386

Problems 387

14 Permanent-Magnet AC Motor Drives 389

14.1 Introduction 389

14.2 Voltage-Source Inverter Drives 390

14.3 Equivalence of Voltage-Source Inverters to an Idealized Source 391

14.4 Average-Value Analysis of Voltage-Source Inverter Drives 400

14.5 Steady-State Performance of Voltage-Source Inverter Drives 403

14.6 Transient and Dynamic Performance of Voltage-Source Inverter Drives 406

14.7 Case Study: Voltage-Source Inverter-Based Speed Control 411

14.8 Current-Regulated Inverter Drives 417

14.9 Voltage Limitations of Current-Regulated Inverter Drives 421

14.10 Current Command Synthesis 423

14.11 Average-Value Modeling of Current-Regulated Inverter Drives 426

14.12 Case Study: Current-Regulated Inverter-Based Speed Controller 428

References 431

Problems 431

Appendix A Abbreviations, Constants, Conversions, and Identities 433

Appendix B Phasors and Phasor Diagrams 437

Index 441

Über Autor(innen)

Paul C. Krause is a former Professor at Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He is the founder of PC Krause and Associates Inc. and recipient of the 2010 IEEE Nikola Tesla Award.

Oleg Wasynczuk is a Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. He also served as Chief Technical Officer of PC Krause and Associates Inc. and is the recipient of the 2008 IEEE PES Cyril Veinott Electromechanical Energy Conversion Award.

Scott D. Sudhoff is the Michael and Katherine Birck Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. He is a former Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion and recipient of the 2024 IEEE Nikola Tesla Award.

Steven D. Pekarek is the Edmund O. Schweitzer, III, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. He has served as an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion and the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, and is the recipient of the 2018 IEEE PES Cyril Veinott Electromechanical Energy Conversion Award.