Köhler / Urbain / Cazenave Idiotypy in Biology and Medicine

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6983-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 468 Seiten, Web PDF

Idiotypy in Biology and Medicine aims to serve the increasing interest and involvement in the practical aspects of idiotypy in biological systems. The concept of idiotypy has received wide recognition and interest far beyond the area of immunology. Experiments and interpretation of findings, reported here, clearly support the general nature of the idiotype concept in manipulating biological systems to correct pathological conditions or to improve the immune adaptation to environmental factors. The book is organized into three sections. Section 1 discusses original concepts of idiotypic manipulations. It reviews old and recent data important for the concept of an idiotype network and reports on attempts to deal with the T-cell receptor paradox; explains the immune system in terms of a circular idiotype network that can be demonstrated by sequential immunization; and emphasizes the need for restrictions in network interactions. Section 2 addresses the role and activity of idiotypic and antiidiotypic antibodies in the regulation of the immune system. Section 3 takes the issue of idiotype-antiidiotype out of the realm of the immune system and discusses it as a new principle to analyze and manipulate biological systems in general.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Köhler, Heinz

Urbain, Jacques

Cazenave, Pierre-André

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Idiotypy in Biology and Medicine;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;16
6;Preface;20
7;SECTION I. Idiotype Concepts;24
7.1;Chapter 1. The Immune Network Revisited;26
7.1.1;I. Introduction;26
7.1.2;II. The B-Cell Idiotype Network;26
7.1.3;III. T-Cell Idiotypes;28
7.1.4;IV. The Immune Network as an Evolutionary Factor;31
7.1.5;V. Idiotopes on Non-lg Molecules;32
7.1.6;VI. The Need for a Network;34
7.1.7;References;35
7.2;Chapter 2. Idiotypy and Internal Images;38
7.2.1;I. Introduction;38
7.2.2;II. A Recurrent Idiotype (6, 26);43
7.2.3;III. Classical Idiotypes;44
7.2.4;IV. Internal Images;46
7.2.5;References;49
7.3;Chapter 3. Regulatory Idiotopes;52
7.3.1;I. Introduction;52
7.3.2;II. Immunochemical Properties of Syngeneic Ab1, Ab2, Ab3, and Ab4 Antibodies;53
7.3.3;III. Functional Properties of Syngeneic Ab1, Ab2, Ab3, and Ab4 Antibodies;56
7.3.4;IV. Regulatory Idiotype Network;59
7.3.5;References;64
7.4;Chapter 4. The Uniqueness and Boundaries of the Idiotypic Self;66
7.4.1;I. A Change of Paradigm in the Immunological Theory;67
7.4.2;II. Are We Concerned with the Most Complex System in Biology?;68
7.4.3;III. An Organism-Centered Perspective of the Immune System;71
7.4.4;IV. The Immune System Is More Than an Antiinfectious Machine;77
7.4.5;V. Conclusions;80
7.4.6;References;81
8;SECTION II. Idiotypes in the Immune System;84
8.1;Chapter 5. Structural Properties and Genetic Control of an Idiotype Associated with Antibodies to the p-Azophenylarsonate Hapten1, 2;86
8.1.1;I. Introduction;87
8.1.2;II. Linkage of CRIA Expression to Genes Controlling CH Regions and Kappa Chains;87
8.1.3;III. Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies with Anti-Ar Activity;90
8.1.4;IV. A Minor Intrastrain Cross-Reactive Idiotype (CRIm) in A/J Anti-Ar Antibodies;90
8.1.5;V. Relationship of the Idiotypes of Anti-Ar Antibodies of A/J and BALB/c Mice;96
8.1.6;VI. Strain Distribution of CRIC and Concentrations of CRIC in Individual BALB/c Mice;97
8.1.7;VII. Hapten-Binding Specificities of CRI+A Anti-Ar Antibodies;100
8.1.8;VIII. An Unrelated Major Idiotype Associated with Antibodies to the Phenylarsonate Hapten in A/J Mice;101
8.1.9;IX. Serological Properties of Monoclonal CRI+A HP;102
8.1.10;X. Amino Acid Sequencing of CRI+A Antibodies from Serum and Hybridomas;105
8.1.11;XI. Investigations of Genes Controlling the Synthesis of H Chains of CRI+A Molecules;107
8.1.12;XII. Random Somatic Mutation versus Programmed Expression of Idiotypes;109
8.1.13;References;110
8.2;Chapter 6. Idiotype-Specific T Helper Cells;112
8.2.1;I. The Role of T Cells in Idiotype Networks;112
8.2.2;II. Induction of Idiotype-Specific T Helper Cells;114
8.2.3;III. Cells Involved in the Induction Circuit of Idiotype-Specific T Helper Cells;117
8.2.4;IV. Specificity of Idiotype-Recognizing T Helper Cells;117
8.2.5;V. Conclusions;120
8.2.6;References;122
8.3;Chapter 7. Manipulating an Idiotypic System with Asymmetric Circuitry: Antiidiotypic Antibodies versus Idiotype-Recognizing T Cells1;124
8.3.1;I. The B Cell Predominant Idiotype and the T Helper Cell Idiotypes: Occupants of Separate Universes2;124
8.3.2;II. Driving B-Cell Maturation with T Cells and Other Agents;125
8.3.3;III. Modulation of IdXL-Bearing B Cells in Responder Strain Mice;126
8.3.4;IV. Effect of Anti-IdXL on Ts in Nonresponder H-2b Mice;129
8.3.5;V. Conclusions: The Relative Roles of Antiidiotype Antibodies and Idiotype-Recognizing T Cells;131
8.3.6;VI Summary;133
8.3.7;References;133
8.4;Chapter 8. Biochemical, Functional, and Genetic Aspects of T-Cell Idiotypes;136
8.4.1;I. Introduction1;136
8.4.2;II. The Concept of Antigen–Antibody Interactions and the Use of Anti-Id Antibodies;138
8.4.3;III. Model Systems for the Study of T-Cell Idiotypes;139
8.4.4;IV. Idiotypes on Normal and in Vivo/in Vitro Immunized T Cells;141
8.4.5;V. Interaction of Anti-Id Antibodies and T Cells;144
8.4.6;VI. Induction of Specific T Cells by Anti-Id Antibodies;146
8.4.7;VII. Detection of Idiotypes on T-Cell Products Isolated by Antigen-Specific Immunoadsorbents;147
8.4.8;VIII. Studies on the Genes Responsible for the Synthesis of T-Cell Idiotypes;148
8.4.9;IX. Function of T-Cell Idiotypes;152
8.4.10;X. Biochemical Analysis of 5936-ld-Bearing T-Cell Proteins;156
8.4.11;XI. Molecular Biology of T-Cell Receptor Genes;160
8.4.12;XII. Conclusions;161
8.4.13;Acknowledgments;161
8.4.14;References;161
8.5;Chapter 9. Ontogeny of the HA-Responsive B-Cell Repertoire: Interaction of Heritable and Inducible Mechanisms in the Establishment of Phenotype;166
8.5.1;I. Introduction;167
8.5.2;II. Early Studies of Antibody Repertoire Ontogeny;167
8.5.3;III. Genetics of Antibody Repertoire Formation;168
8.5.4;IV. Dynamics of the Emerging Primary B-Cell Pool;175
8.5.5;V. Longevity and the Basis of Ligand-lnduced Effects;181
8.5.6;VI. The "Moving Window" Model of Primary Repertoire Phenotype Expression;189
8.5.7;Acknowledgments;192
8.5.8;References;193
8.6;Chapter 10. Ontogeny of Antilevan and Inulin Antibody Responses1;196
8.6.1;I. Introduction;196
8.6.2;II. Characteristics of the Antibacterial Levan Immune Response;197
8.6.3;III. Ontogeny of the ß2-6 Fructosan Response;198
8.6.4;IV. Ontogeny of the ß2-1 Fructosan Response;202
8.6.5;V. Conclusions;206
8.6.6;References;207
8.7;Chapter 11. Selective Alteration of the Humoral Response to al-3 Dextran and Phosphorylcholine by Early Administration of Monoclonal Antiidiotype Antibody;210
8.7.1;I. Introduction;210
8.7.2;II. Description of Methodology;211
8.7.3;III. Id-Specific B-Cell Unresponsiveness after MAID Exposure;214
8.7.4;IV. Mechanism of MAID-lnduced Id-Specific B-Cell Unresponsiveness;220
8.7.5;V. Summary;224
8.7.6;References;224
8.8;Chapter 12. Isogeneic Antiidiotype Repertoire and Modulation of Idiotype Expression in the Antidextran System1;226
8.8.1;I. Introduction;226
8.8.2;II. The Isogeneic Antiidiotypic Repertoire;227
8.8.3;III. Idiotype Expression Manipulated by Passive Antiidiotype;232
8.8.4;IV. Igh-Dependent Congeneic Rejection of the Antidextran Response;237
8.8.5;V. Conclusions;239
8.8.6;References;240
8.9;Chapter 13. Idiotypic Manipulation of the Rabbit Immune Response against Micrococcus luteus;242
8.9.1;I. Introduction1;242
8.9.2;II. Antigenic and Idiotypic Properties of Antibodies Induced by Micrococcus luteus;243
8.9.3;III. Manipulations of the Immune Response with Antiidiotypic Reagents;247
8.9.4;IV. Immunochemical Studies on Cross-Reactive Idiotypes;256
8.9.5;V. Conclusions;260
8.9.6;Acknowledgments;262
8.9.7;References;262
8.10;Chapter 14. Idiotypes of Anti-MHC Monoclonal Antibodies;266
8.10.1;I. Introduction1;266
8.10.2;II. Production, Purification, and Specificity of Anti-MHC Antiidiotypes;268
8.10.3;III. Prevalence of MHC Idiotypes in Conventional Alloantisera;270
8.10.4;IV. In Vivo Effects of Antiidiotypes;276
8.10.5;V. Modification of the Expressed Anti-MHC Repertoire by in Vivo Treatment with Anti-Id;285
8.10.6;VI. Conclusions and Future Approaches;288
8.10.7;References;289
9;SECTION III. Idiotypes in Other Biological Systems;294
9.1;Chapter 15. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Integral Membrane Transport and Receptor Proteins and Their Use in Structural Elucidation;296
9.1.1;I. Introduction;297
9.1.2;II. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Membranes;300
9.1.3;III. Antibody Assays for Functional Proteins (Receptors and Transport);306
9.1.4;IV. Indirect Immunoprecipitation Assays;307
9.1.5;V. Immunoaffinity Chromatography of ß-Adrenergic Receptors Using Monoclonal Antibodies;313
9.1.6;VI. Elucidation of Receptor Structure and Function;316
9.1.7;VII. Antiidiotypic Antibodies and Receptors;321
9.1.8;VIII. Conclusions;322
9.1.9;References;323
9.2;Chapter 16. Studies on Idiotypes Shared by Neuronal and Lymphoid Cells;326
9.2.1;I. Introduction;326
9.2.2;II. Role of the Reovirus Sigma 1 Protein;327
9.2.3;III. Identification of the Id3 Determinant;329
9.2.4;IV. Expression of HA-Specific Idiotype on Tc Cells;342
9.2.5;V. Summary;347
9.2.6;Acknowledgments;349
9.2.7;References;349
9.3;Chapter 17. Idiotypy in Autoimmune Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease: Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis;352
9.3.1;I. Introduction;352
9.3.2;II. Experimental Studies;354
9.3.3;III. Discussion;363
9.3.4;IV. Relevance of These Studies to Human CNS Demyelinating Disease;365
9.3.5;Ackowledgments;367
9.3.6;References;367
9.4;Chapter 18. Idiotypes in Myasthenia Gravis;370
9.4.1;I. Introduction;370
9.4.2;II. Autoantibodies Against the Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR);371
9.4.3;III. Experimental M G: Production of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) and T-Cell Lines Specific for AChR;373
9.4.4;IV. Idiotypic Analysis in M G;374
9.4.5;V. Summary;385
9.4.6;Acknowledgments;386
9.4.7;References;386
9.5;Chapter 19. Antiidiotypic Antibodies as Immunological Internal Images of Hormones;388
9.5.1;I. Introduction;389
9.5.2;II. Similarities in Binding Properties of Receptors and Antibodies;390
9.5.3;III. Interaction of Antiidiotypic Antibodies with Receptors;391
9.5.4;IV. Antiidiotypic Antireceptor Antibodies and Autoimmune Diseases;399
9.5.5;V. The Nature of the Interaction between the Antiidiotypic Antibody and the Receptor;401
9.5.6;VI. Potential Applications of Antiidiotypic Antibodies in Basic Research;402
9.5.7;VII. Medical Applications of Antiidiotypic Antibodies;403
9.5.8;VIII. Prospects;404
9.5.9;Acknowledgments;405
9.5.10;References;406
9.6;Chapter 20. Immunization to Insulin Generates Antiidiotypes That Behave as Antibodies to the Insulin Hormone Receptor and Cause Diabetes Mellitus;408
9.6.1;I. Hormone Receptor Antibody: The Immune SystemImage of a Hormone;408
9.6.2;II. The Insulin Molecule: Structure–Function Relationships;409
9.6.3;III. Four Questions;411
9.6.4;IV. Experimental Approach;411
9.6.5;V. Insulin Receptor Antibodies Generated as Specific Antiidiotypes;412
9.6.6;VI. Selectivity of the Immunological Network;414
9.6.7;VII. Effect of Antiidiotypic (Receptor) Antibodies on Glucose Homeostasis;416
9.6.8;VIII. Down-Regulation and Desensitization of Insulin Receptors;418
9.6.9;IX. Receptor Antibodies in Human Patients;420
9.6.10;X. Summary: Four Answers;421
9.6.11;References;422
9.7;Chapter 21. Induction of Protective Immunity Using Antiidiotypic Antibodies: Immunization against Experimental African Trypanosomiasis;424
9.7.1;I. Introduction;424
9.7.2;II. Immunization with Anti-Id Antibodies;425
9.7.3;III. Idiotype Expression in Anti-Id-Treated Mice;427
9.7.4;IV. Genetic Control of Idiotype Induction;429
9.7.5;V. Specificity of Induced Idiotypes;433
9.7.6;VI. Summary;437
9.7.7;Acknowledgments;437
9.7.8;References;438
9.8;Chapter 22. The Idiotype Network: Theoretical and Practical Implications for Autoimmune Disease;440
9.8.1;I. Introduction;440
9.8.2;II. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE);441
9.8.3;III. Cryoglobulins;444
9.8.4;IV. Rheumatoid Factor;444
9.8.5;V. Antitetanus Toxoid Antibodies;445
9.8.6;VI. Leukemia and Lymphoma;447
9.8.7;VII. Conclusions;448
9.8.8;References;450
9.9;Chapter 23. Human Antiidiotypic Antibodies;452
9.9.1;I. Introduction;452
9.9.2;II. Auto-Antiidiotypic Antibodies;453
9.9.3;III. Antiidiotypic Antibodies against Stimulated T Cells;455
9.9.4;IV. Antiidiotypic Antibodies against Maternal Antibodies;456
9.9.5;V. Summary;458
9.9.6;References;459
10;Index;460