Klein Chemical Analysis

River Pollution
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6259-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 216 Seiten, Web PDF

River Pollution 1: Chemical Analysis discusses methods of detecting and determining the various forms of pollution and the interpretation of results. It aims to provide a chemical background for, and supplement to, the information on analytical methods, and to review critically other methods which may be useful in certain circumstances for research, control work, and field tests. The book begins with a description of river surveys, and physical and chemical methods for determining river pollution. Separate chapters cover methods to determine the presence of dissolved oxygen, combined nitrogen, sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide, free chlorine, metallic contaminants, and carbon compounds. Subsequent chapters discuss the estimation of less important substances which may sometimes be encountered in pollution problems; and the significance of chemical and physical tests and the interpretation of the results of an analysis. This book is intended for those interested in chemical analysis as applied to river pollution problems, sewage, and trade wastes.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Klein, Louis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Chemical Analysis;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;ABBREVIATIONS;10
7;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;12
8;CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL METHODS;18
8.1;TEMPERATURE;18
8.2;COLOUR AND TURBIDITY;18
8.3;OIL AND OTHER IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS;22
8.4;ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY2,7,45,73;24
8.5;SUSPENDED SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND TOTAL SOLIDS1-3, 14,16,77- 8 7;25
8.6;RADIOACTIVITY;27
8.7;FROTHING TEST;28
8.8;OTHER PHYSICAL METHODS;29
9;CHAPTER 3. CHEMICAL METHODS;32
9.1;PREPARATION OF SAMPLE FOR ANALYSIS;34
10;CHAPTER 4. DISSOLVED OXYGEN, OXYGEN DEMAND TESTS, ORGANIC CARBON, STABILITY;36
10.1;DISSOLVED OXYGEN;36
10.2;OXYGEN DEMAND TESTS;39
10.3;STABILITY;45
11;CHAPTER 5. COMBINED NITROGEN;47
11.1;AMMONIACAL NITROGEN 1,3, 221;47
11.2;ORGANIC NITROGEN AND ALBUMINOID NITROGEN1,3,2 2 1,2 27-231;48
11.3;NITROGEN AS NITRITE;49
12;CHAPTER 6. SULPHUR COMPOUNDS;53
12.1;SULPHIDE;53
12.2;SULPHITE AND THIOSULPHATE;56
12.3;SULPHATE;57
13;CHAPTER 7. ALKALINITY, ACIDITY, FREE CARBON DIOXIDE, FREE CHLORINE, CHLORIDE, FLUORIDE AND HARDNESS;59
13.1;ALKALINITY AND ACIDITY1,3,2 10;59
13.2;FREE CARBON DIOXIDE 2,4,13,14;61
13.3;FREE CHLORINE2;62
13.4;FLUORIDE2» 3» 4» 134» 2 7 4;65
13.5;HARDNESS2» 3» 4» 15» 3 0 6;67
14;CHAPTER 8. METALLIC CONTAMINANTS;70
15;CHAPTER 9. VARIOUS CARBON COMPOUNDS: CYANIDE, THIOCYANATE, CYANATE, FORMALDEHYDE, PHENOLS, TAR BASES, HYDROCARBONS, SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES, SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS, FATS AND GREASE;94
15.1;CYANIDE 1, 2,3,133,274;94
15.2;THIOGYANATE AND GYANATE;97
15.3;FORMALDEHYDE;98
15.4;PHENOLS;99
15.5;TAR BASES;105
15.6;HYDROCARBONS;106
15.7;SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES;107
15.8;SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS ('SYNDETS');108
15.9;FATS AND GREASE2;112
16;CHAPTER 10. OTHER CHEMICAL METHODS;114
17;CHAPTER 11. SIGNIFICANCE ANDINTERPRETATION OF CHEMICALAND PHYSICAL TESTS;117
17.1;DISSOLVED OXYGEN;119
17.2;AMMONIACAL NITROGEN;124
17.3;ORGANIC NITROGEN AND ALBUMINOID NITROGEN;125
17.4;THE RATIO OF AMMONIACAL NITROGEN TOALBUMINOID NITROGEN;126
17.5;DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN ANIMAL POLLUTION AND VEGETABLE POLLUTION;126
17.6;CHLORIDE;127
17.7;NITRITES AND NITRATES;128
17.8;METHYLENE BLUE STABILITY TEST;129
17.9;OXYGEN ABSORBED FROM ACID PERMANGANATE(' permanganate value ');131
17.10;BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (B.O.D.);134
17.11;THE RATIO OF THE B.O.D. TO THE 4 HOURS PERMANGANATE VALUE;145
17.12;HARDNESS;147
17.13;ALKALINITY, ACIDITY AND p H;149
17.14;TOXIC POLLUTION;151
17.15;IRON;152
17.16;CARBON DIOXIDE;152
17.17;SUSPENDED SOLIDS, DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND TOTAL SOLIDS;153
17.18;PHENOLS;154
18;BIBLIOGRAPHY;156
19;APPENDIX;191
20;AUTHOR INDEX;205
21;SUBJECT INDEX;213