Distillation Troubleshooting

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-0-471-46744-1
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Buch, Englisch, 752 Seiten, Format (B × H): 161 mm x 242 mm, Gewicht: 1120 g

THE FIRST BOOK OF ITS KIND ON DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY

The last half-century of research on distillation has tremendously improved our understanding and design of industrial distillation equipment and systems. High-speed computers have taken over the design, control, and operation of towers. Invention and innovation in tower internals have greatly enhanced tower capacity and efficiency. With all these advances, one would expect the failure rate in distillation towers to be on the decline. In fact, the opposite is the case: the tower failure rate is on the rise and accelerating.

Distillation Troubleshooting collects invaluable hands-on experiences acquired in dealing with distillation and absorption malfunctions, making them readily accessible for those engaged in solving today's problems and avoiding tomorrow's. The first book of its kind on the distillation industry, the practical lessons it offers are a must for those seeking the elusive path to trouble-free distillation.

Distillation Troubleshooting covers over 1,200 case histories of problems, diagnoses, solutions, and key lessons. Coverage includes:

* Successful and unsuccessful struggles with plugging, fouling, and coking
* Histories and prevention of tray, packing, and internals damage
* Lessons taught by incidents and accidents during shutdowns, commissioning, and abnormal operation
* Troubleshooting distillation simulations to match the real world
* Making packing liquid distributors work
* Plant bottlenecks from intermediate draws, chimney trays, and feed points
* Histories of and key lessons from explosions and fires in distillation towers
* Prevention of flaws that impair reboiler and condenser performance
* Destabilization of tower control systems and how to correct it
* Discoveries from shutdown inspections
* Suppression of foam and accumulation incidents

A unique resource for improving the foremost industrial separation process, Distillation Troubleshooting transforms decades of hands-on experiences into a handy reference for professionals and students involved in the operation, design, study, improvement, and management of large-scale distillation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kister, Henry Z.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Chemische Labormethoden, Stöchiometrie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Pharmazeutische Chemie, Medizinische Chemie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Chemometrik, Chemoinformatik
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Toxikologie, Gefahrstoffe, Sicherheit in der Chemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Troubleshooting Distillation Simulations 398

1.1 VLE 398

1.2 Chemistry, Process Sequence 402

1.3 Does Your Distillation Simulation Reflect the Real World? 404

1.4 Graphical Techniques to Troubleshoot Simulations 407

1.5 How Good Is Your Efficiency Estimate? 407

1.6 Simulator Hydraulic Predictions: To Trust or Not to Trust 409

2. Where Fractionation Goes Wrong 410

2.1 Insufficient Reflux or Stages; Pinches 410

2.2 No Stripping in Stripper 412

2.3 Unique Features of Multicomponent Distillation 412

2.4 Accumulation and Hiccups 413

2.5 Two Liquid Phases 419

2.6 Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation 421

3. Energy Savings and Thermal Effects 424

3.1 Energy-Saving Designs and Operation 424

3.2 Subcooling: How It Impacts Towers 428

3.3 Superheat: How It Impacts Towers 430

4. Tower Sizing and Material Selection Affect Performance 431

4.1 Undersizing Trays and Downcomers 431

4.2 Oversizing Trays 431

4.3 Tray Details Can Bottleneck Towers 433

4.4 Low Liquid Loads Can Be Troublesome 434

4.5 Special Bubble-Cap Tray Problems 436

4.6 Misting 437

4.7 Undersizing Packings 437

4.8 Systems Where Packings Perform Different from Expectations 437

4.9 Packed Bed Too Long 438

4.10 Packing Supports Can Bottleneck Towers 439

4.11 Packing Hold-downs Are Sometimes Troublesome 440

4.12 Internals Unique to Packed Towers 440

4.13 Empty (Spray) Sections 440

5. Feed Entry Pitfalls in Tray Towers 441

5.1 Does the Feed Enter the Correct Tray? 441

5.2 Feed Pipes Obstructing Downcomer Entrance 441

5.3 Feed Flash Can Choke Downcomers 441

5.4 Subcooled Feeds, Refluxes Are Not Always Trouble Free 442

5.5 Liquid and Unsuitable Distributors Do Not Work with Flashing Feeds 442

5.6 Flashing Feeds Require More Space 443

5.7 Uneven or Restrictive L

Über Autor(innen)

Henry Z. Kister is a Senior Fellow and director of fractionation technology at Fluor Corporation. He has 30 years of experience in troubleshooting, revamping, field consulting, design, control, and startup of fractionation processes and equipment. Previously, he was Brown & Root's staff consultant on fractionation and also worked for ICI Australia and Fractionation research, Inc. (FRI). He is the author of the textbooks Distillation Design and Distillation Operation, as well as 80 published technical articles, and has taught the IChemE-sponsored "Practical Distillation Technology" Course more than 260 times. A recipient of Chemical Engineering magazine 2002 award for personal achievement in chemical engineering, and of the technology, Kister obtained his BE and ME degrees from the University of NSW in Australia. he is a Fellow of IChyemE, a Member of the AICHE, and serves on the FRI Technical Advisory and Design Practices Committees.