Kimbrough / Wu Formal Modelling in Electronic Commerce

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-26989-2
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 562 Seiten

Reihe: International Handbooks on Information Systems

Advances in automation for electronic commerce require improved understanding and formalization of the objects, processes, and policies of commerce itself. These include business objects such as bills of lading and contracts; processes such as workflows and trade procedures; and policies covering such problems as contract or procedure validation and strategic behaviour. This book is about theory, formalization, and proof-of-concept implementation of these and related matters. In addition to presenting state-of-the-art results, the book places this work in the context of nearly twenty years of developments in formal modelling for electronic commerce. A comprehensive bibliography and index are provided.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wu, D.J.

Kimbrough, Steven O.

Wu, Dongjun

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Editors;4
2;Preface;6
3;Contents;8
4;FMEC: Overview and Interpretation;14
4.1;1 Introduction;14
4.2;2 Formalisms;15
4.3;3 Themes;18
4.4;4 Topics;19
4.5;5 A Brief Guide to the Volume;20
4.6;6 Upwards and Onwards;26
4.7;Embodied Research;28
4.8;7 Acknowledgements;31
4.9;A FMEC Bibliographic History;31
4.10;References;37
5;Part I Representation: Objects, Processes & Policies;43
5.1;Practical Contract Storage, Checking, and;44
5.2;Enforcement for Business Process Automation;44
5.2.1;1 Introduction;44
5.2.2;2 Contributions;46
5.2.3;3 Application Scenario;47
5.2.4;4 Overview;48
5.2.5;5 Occurrences;51
5.2.6;6 Kimbrough’s Disquotation Theory;56
5.2.7;7 An Implementation of Kimbrough’s Disquotation;58
5.2.8;Theory;58
5.2.9;8 Contract Provision Monitoring;70
5.2.10;9 Contract Performance and Enforcement;72
5.2.11;10 Software Implementation;76
5.2.12;11 Related Work;82
5.2.13;12 Conclusions;83
5.2.14;13 Acknowledgements;84
5.2.15;A Coverage Checking Rules;85
5.2.16;References;85
5.3;Legitimacy Checking in Communicative Workflow Design;89
5.3.1;1 Introduction;89
5.3.2;2 The Extended Workflow Loop;91
5.3.3;3 Extended Workflow Loop Norms;92
5.3.4;4 Workflow Loop Schemas;96
5.3.5;5 A Method for Legitimacy Checking;99
5.3.6;6 Conclusions;107
5.3.7;References;108
5.4;CANDID Specification of Commercial and Financial Contracts: A Formal Semantics Approach to Knowledge Representation, Part I: Syntax & Formal Semantics of CANDID;110
5.4.1;1 Introduction;110
5.4.2;2 The Language L1;112
5.4.3;3 Re-Interpretation of Predicates;115
5.4.4;4 Many-Sorted, Type-Theoretic Languages;116
5.4.5;5 . Abstraction;117
5.4.6;6 Operations, Definite Reference;119
5.4.7;7 Summary of the Language Lv;120
5.4.8;8 Character Strings, Labels;123
5.4.9;9 Numbers and Measurement;124
5.4.10;10 Time, Realization, Change;126
5.4.11;11 Possible Worlds, Intensions;131
5.4.12;12 Summary of the Language IL;134
5.4.13;13 Action;139
5.4.14;14 Modals, Deontic Operators;140
5.4.15;15 Summary of the Language CANDID;145
5.4.16;References;151
5.5;CANDID Specification of Commercial and Financial Contracts: A Formal Semantics Approach to Knowledge Representation, Part II: Formal Description of Economics Actors and Objects;153
5.5.1;1 Introduction;153
5.5.2;2 Economic Actors;158
5.5.3;3 Economic Objects;161
5.5.4;4 Summary;165
5.5.5;References;166
5.6;CANDID Specification of Commercial and Financial Contracts: A Formal Semantics Approach to Knowledge Representation, Part III: CANDID Specification of Financial Concepts;167
5.6.1;1 Introduction;167
5.6.2;2 Additional Definitions, Notational Conventions;168
5.6.3;3 Elementary Financial Concepts;169
5.6.4;4 Financial Instruments;175
5.6.5;5 Concluding Remarks;184
5.6.6;References;184
5.7;Performatives, Performatives Everywhere but Not a Drop of Ink;185
5.7.1;1 Performative Aspects of Commerce and Public;185
5.7.2;Administration;185
5.7.3;2 Issues for Open Electronic Commerce;194
5.7.4;3 From Ink to Bits: Original, Signed Writings;196
5.7.5;4 Computational Modeling of Documentary;200
5.7.6;Procedures;200
5.7.7;5 Protocols for Procedure Adoption;202
5.7.8;6 Discussion and Further Research Directions;205
5.7.9;7 Acknowledgments;206
5.7.10;References;206
5.8;EDI, XML, and the Transparency Problem in Electronic Commerce;209
5.8.1;1 EDI and the Transparency Problem;210
5.8.2;2 XML’s Pertinent Virtues and Limitations;211
5.8.3;3 Communications Requisites;214
5.8.4;4 microFLBC and the Transparency Problem;219
5.8.5;5 Back to XML;229
5.8.6;6 Conclusion;232
5.8.7;References;233
6;Part II Applications;236
6.1;Designing Control Mechanisms for Value Exchanges in Network Organisations;237
6.1.1;1 Introduction;237
6.1.2;2 A Methodology for Designing Control Mechanisms;239
6.1.3;3 Modelling Business Value Models;240
6.1.4;4 Modelling Sub-Ideal Situations;242
6.1.5;5 Distinguishing Different Types of Control;249
6.1.6;Mechanisms;249
6.1.7;6 Conclusions;250
6.1.8;References;250
6.2;Sim-I-Space: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Knowledge Management Processes;253
6.2.1;1 Introduction;253
6.2.2;2 Model Architecture;254
6.2.3;3 Model Components;258
6.2.4;4 Acknowledgements;269
6.2.5;A Description of Variables;269
6.2.6;B Detailed Model Specification with Example;284
6.2.7;References;300
7;Part III Communication;301
7.1;On Representing Special Languages with FLBC: Message Markers and Reference Fixing in SeaSpeak;302
7.1.1;1 Introduction;302
7.1.2;2 Special Languages;303
7.1.3;3 Two Problems;305
7.1.4;4 Background on SeaSpeak;307
7.1.5;5 Prototype Example: INFORMATION;309
7.1.6;6 Problems of Reference Fixing;312
7.1.7;7 Formalizing Distributed Descriptions into FLBC;317
7.1.8;8 Analysis of the Remaining SeaSpeak Message;320
7.1.9;Markers;320
7.1.10;9 Discussion and Conclusion;325
7.1.11;References;327
7.2;A Note on Modelling Speech Acts as Signalling Conventions;330
7.2.1;1 Introduction;330
7.2.2;2 Asserting: Two Prototypes;331
7.2.3;3 Other Speech Acts;335
7.2.4;4 Discussion: Towards Deployment;339
7.2.5;5 Summary and Conclusion;344
7.2.6;References;345
7.3;Dynamic Conversation Structures: An Extended Example;348
7.3.1;1 Introduction;348
7.3.2;2 Extended Example;350
7.3.3;3 Conclusion;364
7.3.4;References;364
8;Part IV Agents and Strategic Interactions;366
8.1;Investigating the Value of Information and Computational Capabilities by Applying Genetic Programming to Supply Chain Management;367
8.1.1;1 Introduction;367
8.1.2;2 The Evolutionary Process;370
8.1.3;3 Plan of Investigation;384
8.1.4;4 Summary;391
8.1.5;A Terminals and Functions;392
8.1.6;B Settings for a Scenario;393
8.1.7;C Computing-Related Information;394
8.1.8;References;395
8.2;Multi-Agent Simulation of Financial Markets;396
8.2.1;1 Introduction;396
8.2.2;2 Automation of Modern Financial Markets;397
8.2.3;3 Simulation of Financial Markets;402
8.2.4;4 A Multi-Agent Environment for Financial Market Simulation;407
8.2.5;5 Conclusions;419
8.2.6;References;420
8.3;Adaptive Agents in Coalition Formation Games;423
8.3.1;1 Introduction;423
8.3.2;2 Background and Description;424
8.3.3;3 Learning Models;427
8.3.4;4 Results;432
8.3.5;5 Conclusion;437
8.3.6;6 Acknowledgements;439
8.3.7;A Parameter Estimates;440
8.3.8;References;444
8.4;On Learning Negotiation Strategies by Artificial Adaptive Agents in Environments of Incomplete Information;446
8.4.1;1 Introduction;446
8.4.2;2 Overview of the Approach;449
8.4.3;3 AAA Platform;449
8.4.4;4 Structure of the Bargaining Space;452
8.4.5;5 Experimental Testing and Results;454
8.4.6;6 Conclusion;460
8.4.7;References;461
8.5;A Note on Strategic Learning in Policy Space;463
8.5.1;1 Introduction;463
8.5.2;2 Background: Games and Decisions;463
8.5.3;3 Repeated Games;466
8.5.4;4 Simple Reinforcement Learning;467
8.5.5;5 Learning in Policy Space;469
8.5.6;6 Discussion;473
8.5.7;7 Acknowledgements;474
8.5.8;References;474
8.6;Learning and Tacit Collusion by Artificial Agents in Cournot Duopoly Games;476
8.6.1;1 Introduction;476
8.6.2;2 The Duopoly Game: Holt’s Cournot Model;477
8.6.3;3 Background and Application Context: Electricity;478
8.6.4;Markets;478
8.6.5;4 Framework for Agent Learning;480
8.6.6;5 Molecular Strategies in the Cournot Game;482
8.6.7;6 Summary of Results;485
8.6.8;7 Discussion;486
8.6.9;8 Acknowledgements;489
8.6.10;References;489
8.7;A Note on Working Memory in Agent Learning;492
8.7.1;1 Introduction;492
8.7.2;2 The Exchange Game;493
8.7.3;3 Learning Mechanism;496
8.7.4;4 Experiments on Working Memory;498
8.7.5;5 Discussion;503
8.7.6;6 Conclusion;504
8.7.7;7 Acknowledgements;505
8.7.8;A Parameter Values;505
8.7.9;References;505
8.8;Investigations of Granularity and Payoffs in 2×2 Games under Replicator Dynamics;507
8.8.1;1 Introduction;507
8.8.2;2 The Games;508
8.8.3;3 Methodology;512
8.8.4;4 Discussion of Findings;514
8.8.5;5 Acknowledgements;523
8.8.6;A Summary of Simulations;523
8.8.7;References;523
9;Part V References and Index;526
9.1;References;527
10;Index;552