Kaufmann / Kuch / Neuhaeuser Humiliation, Degradation, Dehumanization

Human Dignity Violated
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-9661-6
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 24, 266 Seiten

Reihe: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy

Degradation, dehumanization, instrumentalization, humiliation, and nonrecognition – these concepts point to ways in which we understand human beings to be violated in their dignity. Violations of human dignity are brought about by concrete practices and conditions; some commonly acknowledged, such as torture and rape, and others more contested, such as poverty and exclusion. This volume collates reflections on such concepts and a range of practices, deepening our understanding of human dignity and its violation, bringing to the surface interrelationships and commonalities, and pointing to the values that are thereby shown to be in danger. In presenting a streamlined discussion from a negative perspective, complemented by conclusions for a positive account of human dignity, the book is at once a contribution to the body of literature on what dignity is and how it should be protected as well as constituting an alternative, fresh and focused perspective relevant to this significant recurring debate. As the concept of human dignity itself crosses disciplinary boundaries, this is mirrored in the unique range of perspectives brought by the book’s European and American contributors – in philosophy and ethics, law, human rights, literature, cultural studies and interdisciplinary research. This volume will be of interest to social and moral philosophers, legal and human rights theorists, practitioners and students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kaufmann, Paulus

Kuch, Hannes

Neuhaeuser, Christian

Webster, Elaine

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;10
4;About the Authors;12
5;1 Human Dignity Violated: A Negative Approach -- Introduction;16
5.1;References;20
6;2 Three Crucial Turns on the Road to an Adequate Understanding of Human Dignity;21
6.1;2.1 Introduction;21
6.2;2.2 The Roots of Human Dignity -- A Standard Account;22
6.3;2.3 Problems with the Concept of Human Dignity;23
6.4;2.4 The Negative Turn;24
6.5;2.5 The Inductive Turn;25
6.6;2.6 The Historical Turn;27
6.7;2.7 Human Dignity and the Personal Self;28
6.8;References;30
7;Part I Conceptions and Theories;32
7.1;3 Humiliation: The Collective Dimension;33
7.1.1;3.1 Three Ways of Humiliating a Group;34
7.1.2;3.2 Can the Humiliation of Some Individuals Violate the Dignity of a Group?;37
7.1.3;3.3 The Normative Account of Humiliation and Group Rights;44
7.1.4;References;48
7.2;4 The Rituality of Humiliation: Exploring Symbolic Vulnerability;49
7.2.1;4.1 Introduction;49
7.2.2;4.2 Vulnerability;51
7.2.2.1;4.2.1 The Struggle to Death as a Demonstration of Autonomy;51
7.2.2.2;4.2.2 Hegel's Idea of Recognition;53
7.2.2.3;4.2.3 Longing for Humiliation;56
7.2.3;4.3 Symbolic Vulnerability;59
7.2.3.1;4.3.1 Speech, Gifts, and Recognition;59
7.2.3.2;4.3.2 The Rituality of Humiliation;62
7.2.4;References;66
7.3;5 Instrumentalization: What Does It Mean to Use a Person?;69
7.3.1;5.1 The Role of Dignity in Moral Theory;69
7.3.2;5.2 Using People;72
7.3.3;5.3 Using People as a Violation of Dignity;74
7.3.4;References;77
7.4;6 Degradation: A Human Rights Law Perspective;78
7.4.1;6.1 Introduction;78
7.4.2;6.2 Degradation in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights;81
7.4.3;6.3 What Does Degradation Look Like?;83
7.4.4;6.4 The Significance of Feeling Degraded;85
7.4.5;6.5 Degradation as Restriction of Autonomy?;89
7.4.6;6.6 Degradation and Social Dignity;91
7.4.7;6.7 Conclusion;93
7.4.8;References;94
7.5;7 Dehumanization: Perceiving the Body as (In)Human;96
7.5.1;7.1 Introduction;96
7.5.1.1;7.1.1 A Truly Vicious Circle: Dehumanization as Moral Exclusion;97
7.5.1.2;7.1.2 The Lived Experience of Dehumanization or This Is Not My Body: Autonomy, Identity, and Dignity;101
7.5.1.3;7.1.3 Perceptions of the (In)Human Body: Recognition as Resistance;104
7.5.2;7.2 Conclusion;107
7.5.3;References;108
8;Part II Practices of Violating Human Dignity;109
8.1;8 Torture;110
8.1.1;8.1 Introduction;110
8.1.2;8.2 What Is Torture?;112
8.1.3;8.3 What Makes Torture Wrong?;115
8.1.3.1;8.3.1 Twining's Account;115
8.1.3.2;8.3.2 Sussman's Account;117
8.1.3.3;8.3.3 Shue's Account;119
8.1.4;8.4 The Moral Wrongness of Torture -- A Relational Account;120
8.1.5;8.5 Why Is Torture Always Wrong?;122
8.1.6;8.6 The Scope of My Argument;124
8.1.7;References;125
8.2;9 Rape;127
8.2.1;9.1 Introduction;127
8.2.2;9.2 Dignity in International Human Rights Law;128
8.2.3;9.3 Rape in International Human Rights Law;129
8.2.4;9.4 Rape Jurisprudence;130
8.2.4.1;9.4.1 Cases of the Inter-American Commission;131
8.2.4.1.1;9.4.1.1 Implicated Rights;132
8.2.4.1.2;9.4.1.2 Scope of Positive Obligations;133
8.2.4.2;9.4.2 Cases of the European Court of Human Rights;134
8.2.4.2.1;9.4.2.1 Implicated Rights;134
8.2.4.2.2;9.4.2.2 Scope and Content of Positive Obligation;136
8.2.5;9.5 Conclusion;139
8.2.6;References;140
8.3;10 Social Exclusion;141
8.3.1;10.1 Introduction;142
8.3.2;10.2 The Personal Name as a Sign of Humanity;143
8.3.3;10.3 The Politics of the Personal Name;146
8.3.4;10.4 Insult, Degradation, and Debasement;148
8.3.5;10.5 Humiliation;151
8.3.6;10.6 Practices of Misrecognition;154
8.3.7;References;156
8.4;11 Absolute Poverty;158
8.4.1;11.1 Introduction;158
8.4.2;11.2 Dignity as a Claim to Be Respected;159
8.4.3;11.3 Lack of Basic Goods;161
8.4.4;11.4 No Rights (Shue);161
8.4.5;11.5 The Right to Bodily Integrity;162
8.4.6;11.6 What is Degrading About Poverty?;162
8.4.7;References;165
8.5;12 Relative Poverty;166
8.5.1;12.1 Introduction;166
8.5.2;12.2 Applied Absolute Poverty;169
8.5.3;12.3 Unfair Inequality;172
8.5.4;12.4 Humiliation and Relative Poverty;175
8.5.5;References;178
8.6;13 Labor Exploitation;180
8.6.1;13.1 Introduction;180
8.6.2;13.2 Labor Exploitation According to the ILO;181
8.6.2.1;13.2.1 Legislating Against Labor Exploitation;183
8.6.2.2;13.2.2 Promotion of ''Decent Work'' Agenda;185
8.6.3;13.3 Civil Society Organizations;187
8.6.3.1;13.3.1 Anti-Slavery International;187
8.6.3.2;13.3.2 Oxfam's ''Make Trade Fair'' Campaign;189
8.6.3.3;13.3.3 The International Labor Rights Forum;190
8.6.4;13.4 The Laborers: Views from South African Vineyards;191
8.6.4.1;13.4.1 Hierarchy of Benefits: Are Material Benefits More Significant than Immaterial Benefits or Vice Versa?;192
8.6.4.2;13.4.2 Relationship: Did the Farm-Workers Feel Greater Choice or Control Over Their Labor Conditions?;193
8.6.5;13.5 Conclusion;194
8.6.6;References;195
8.7;14 Bonded Labor;197
8.7.1;14.1 Introduction;197
8.7.2;14.2 Bonded Labor;199
8.7.3;14.3 Below the Lowest;201
8.7.3.1;14.3.1 Social Status and Its Foundations;201
8.7.3.2;14.3.2 Social Practice: Everyday Indignities and (the Threat of) Atrocities;202
8.7.4;14.4 Living in Bondage;204
8.7.4.1;14.4.1 Deprivation of Freedom: Chains, Taints, and Boycotts;204
8.7.4.2;14.4.2 Self-alienation: ''You Forgot Who You Were'';205
8.7.5;14.5 Indications of Violations of Dignity;207
8.7.6;14.6 Dignity Defended, Violated, Regained, or Lost? Or the Role of Identity;208
8.7.7;14.7 Conclusion;215
8.7.8;References;216
9;Part III Conclusions for a Positive Account of Human Dignity;219
9.1;15 Human Dignity and Human Rights;220
9.1.1;15.1 A Positive and a Negative Account of Human Dignity;221
9.1.2;15.2 Common Features of Positive Accounts of Human Dignity;223
9.1.2.1;15.2.1 Equality of Human Dignity;223
9.1.2.2;15.2.2 The Other-Regarding Nature of Human Dignity;224
9.1.2.3;15.2.3 Dignity as Inherent Worth of the Individual;225
9.1.2.4;15.2.4 Overridingness;226
9.1.2.5;15.2.5 To Sum Up;227
9.1.3;15.3 Questions for a Positive Account of Human Dignity;227
9.1.3.1;15.3.1 The Subject of Human Dignity;227
9.1.3.2;15.3.2 The Relationship Between Human Dignity and Human Rights;229
9.1.3.3;15.3.3 The Normative Content of Human Dignity;230
9.1.3.4;15.3.4 The Ontological Status of Human Dignity;232
9.1.3.5;15.3.5 The Justification of Human Dignity;233
9.1.4;15.4 Expectations of a Positive Account of Human Dignity;233
9.1.5;References;234
9.2;16 Dignity and Preservation of Personhood;236
9.2.1;16.1 Introduction;236
9.2.1.1;16.1.1 The Traditional Account;237
9.2.1.2;16.1.2 Shortcomings of the Traditional Account;238
9.2.1.3;16.1.3 Beginnings of a New Account;241
9.2.1.4;16.1.4 Some Remaining Issues;245
9.2.2;References;246
9.3;17 Embodied Self-Respect and the Fragility of Human Dignity: A Human Rights Approach;247
9.3.1;17.1 Introduction;247
9.3.2;17.2 Four Historical Episodes;249
9.3.3;17.3 Four Different Conceptions of Dignity;252
9.3.4;17.4 Four Relations Between Dignity and Rights;254
9.3.5;17.5 Embodied Self-Respect;257
9.3.6;17.6 Possessing and Protecting Dignity;261
9.3.7;References;264
10;Index;266