Katiyar / Gupta / Ghosh Advances in Sustainable Polymers

Processing and Applications
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-981-329-804-0
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 496 Seiten

Reihe: Chemistry and Material Science (R0)

This book provides a systematic overview of the processing and applications of sustainable polymers. The volume covers recent advances in biomedical, food packaging, fuel cell, membrane, and other emerging applications. The book begins by addressing different sections of biomedical application including use of carbohydrate-based therapeutics,  nanohybrids, nanohydrogels, bioresorbable polymers and their composites, polymer-grafted nanobiomaterials for biomedical devices and implants, nanofibres, and others. The second part of this book discusses various processing and packaging materials for food packaging applications. The last section discusses other emerging applications, including using microbial fuel cells for waste water treatment, microfluidic fuel cells for low power applications, among others. This volume will be relevant to researchers working to improve the properties of bio-based materials for their advanced application and wide commercialization.

Dr. Vimal Katiyar is currently working as a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, India. He received Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India. His main area of research includes sustainable polymer development, its processing and their structure property relationship, rheological aspects, migration studies, toxicological effects, polymer degradation, polymer based nanomaterials, food packaging, clean and green energy technologies. Currently, he is a coordinator for two centers of excellence at IIT Guwahati including Centre of excellence for Sustainable Polymers funded by Department of Chemicals and petrochemicals, Govt. of India and the Centre of Excellence for Biofuels and Biocommodities funded by Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India. Prof. Katiyar is dedicated in developing the cost-effective, bio-based and biodegradable plastic products and its related technologies using various feedstock including bio-derived plastics and biopolymers. Currently he is engaged in establishing India's first heat stable biodegradable polymer production pilot plant. He is also a co-inventor of 22 granted/filled patents. He had published more than 100 peer reviewed research articles in highly reputed journals and more than 200 conference papers and 30 book chapters. Under his able guidance,10 of his students have got their Ph.D. and placed across the reputed institutions in India and abroad. His research group has received multiple National and International innovation awards in the development of bio-based polymeric products, nano-biomaterials, and related technologies. Dr. Katiyar is currently working on more than fifteen projects in the area of sustainable biopolymers, agriculture, food processing and related technologies. He also had grant from Ministry of Food Processing industries, Govt. of India to work in the area of Food packaging, migration and its characteristics. He acted as a catalyst towards bringing the Joint Degree in Food Science & Technology program between IIT Guwahati and Gifu University.  Raghvendra Gupta is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati. He has previously worked as a researcher in BITS Pilani (India), Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Singapore) and University of Sydney (Australia). His research interests are based around understanding transport processes in chemical and biomedical applications, and he is current research is on multiphase flows, microfluidics and interfacial phenomena. He has authored 18 research publications in reputed journals.  Tabli Ghosh is a research scholar in the Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati. Her work focuses on developing and evaluating the health impacts of edible medicinal nano-coatings for food products.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Katiyar, Vimal

Gupta, Raghvendra

Ghosh, Tabli

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;About Fourth International Symposium on Advances in Sustainable Polymers (ASP-17): From 08–11 January 2018 Organized by IIT Guwahati;10
3;Acknowledgements;12
4;Contents;13
5;Editors and Contributors;15
6;Abbreviations;20
7;Sustainable Polymers for Biomedical Applications;29
8;1 Biodegradable Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Controlled Drug Delivery and Implant Applications;30
8.1;Abstract;30
8.2;1 Introduction;30
8.2.1;1.1 Emergence of Biodegradable Polymers;31
8.2.2;1.2 Advantages and Challenges of Biodegradable Polymers;32
8.3;2 Biodegradable Polymers;32
8.3.1;2.1 Polysaccharides;32
8.3.2;2.2 Polyesters;34
8.3.3;2.3 Polyurethane;35
8.4;3 Development of Controlled Drug Release Using Biodegradable Polymer Nanohybrids;35
8.5;4 Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering;40
8.6;References;41
9;2 Biobased Nanohydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery;47
9.1;Abstract;47
9.2;1 Introduction;47
9.3;2 Techniques for Preparation of Biobased Nanohydrogels;50
9.3.1;2.1 In Situ Polymerization;50
9.3.2;2.2 Microemulsion Method;50
9.3.3;2.3 Precipitation Polymerization;51
9.4;3 Characterization Methods;51
9.4.1;3.1 Spectroscopic Characterization;51
9.4.2;3.2 Microscopic Characterization;53
9.4.3;3.3 Study of Toxicity;56
9.4.4;3.4 Swelling Behaviours;57
9.4.5;3.5 Antibacterial Activities;59
9.5;4 Controlled Release of Drugs with Encapsulation of Biobased Nanohydrogels;60
9.5.1;4.1 In Vitro Release of Drugs;60
9.5.2;4.2 In Vivo Drugs Delivery;61
9.6;5 Conclusion;62
9.7;Acknowledgements;62
9.8;References;62
10;3 Biocompatible Polymer Based Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering;68
10.1;Abstract;68
10.2;1 Introduction;68
10.3;2 Basic Requisite Properties of a TE Scaffold;69
10.4;3 Nanofiber Scaffolds;70
10.5;4 Synthesis of Nanofibers Scaffolds by Electrospinning;71
10.6;5 Biocompatible Polymers as TE Scaffolds;73
10.7;6 Nanofiber Scaffolds for TE Applications;73
10.7.1;6.1 Skin Tissue;73
10.7.2;6.2 Bone and Cartilage Tissue;77
10.7.3;6.3 Vascular Tissue;79
10.7.4;6.4 Nerve Tissue;79
10.8;7 Drug Delivery Using Nanofiber Scaffolds;80
10.8.1;7.1 In Vitro Drug Release from Nanofiber Scaffolds;81
10.9;8 Conclusions and Future Prospects;83
10.10;References;84
11;4 Bioactive Glasses: Prospects in Bone Tissue Engineering;92
11.1;Abstract;92
11.2;1 Introduction;92
11.3;2 Methods of Synthesis;94
11.3.1;2.1 Melt-Quench Synthesis;94
11.3.2;2.2 Sol–Gel Method;96
11.3.3;2.3 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis;98
11.4;3 Bioactive Glasses in Bone Tissue Engineering;98
11.4.1;3.1 Mechanism of Bone Formation;98
11.4.2;3.2 Types of Bioactive Glasses;99
11.5;4 Applications: Case Studies;101
11.5.1;4.1 Bioactive Glass Hybrids;102
11.5.2;4.2 Hyperthermia Treatment;103
11.5.3;4.3 Large Bone Defects;103
11.5.4;4.4 Bioactive Glass Hydrogels;104
11.5.5;4.5 Osteosarcoma Treatment;104
11.5.6;4.6 Electrospun Scaffolds;105
11.5.7;4.7 Surface Functionalization;106
11.6;5 Summary;106
11.7;References;106
12;5 Biomaterials for Biomedical Devices and Implants;109
12.1;Abstract;109
12.2;1 Introduction;110
12.3;2 3D Printed Embolic Agent for Endovascular Embolization;111
12.4;3 Prosthesis and Orthosis for Lower Limb;117
12.4.1;3.1 Level of Amputation;118
12.4.2;3.2 Lower Limb Prosthesis;118
12.4.3;3.3 Suspension System;120
12.4.4;3.4 Socket;121
12.4.5;3.5 Knee Rotator;123
12.4.6;3.6 Polycentric Knee Joint;124
12.4.7;3.7 Prosthetic Foot;127
12.4.8;3.8 Custom Foot Orthosis;128
12.5;4 Summary;130
12.6;References;131
13;6 Carbohydrate Therapeutics Based on Polymer-Grafted Glyconanoparticles: Synthetic Methods and Applications;134
13.1;Abstract;134
13.2;1 Introduction;134
13.3;2 Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Glyconanoparticles;136
13.4;3 Synthesis of Glycopolymers by Controlled/Living Polymerization;138
13.4.1;3.1 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP);138
13.4.2;3.2 Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP);139
13.4.3;3.3 Reversible Addition-Fragment Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization;141
13.5;4 Applications of Glycopolymer Nanoparticles;142
13.5.1;4.1 Biosensing and Imaging;142
13.5.2;4.2 Drug Delivery;143
13.5.3;4.3 Biomacromolecules Conjugation;144
13.5.4;4.4 Other Applications;145
13.6;5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;146
13.7;Acknowledgments;146
13.8;References;146
14;7 Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Its Potential Applications;154
14.1;Abstract;154
14.2;1 Introduction;155
14.3;2 Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs);156
14.3.1;2.1 General Microorganisms Used for Biosynthesis;156
14.3.2;2.2 Sources of Carbon for PHA-Producing Microorganisms;157
14.3.2.1;2.2.1 Thermochemical Treatment/Physicochemical Treatment;158
14.3.2.2;2.2.2 Biological Treatment;160
14.3.3;2.3 Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB);161
14.3.4;2.4 Types of Fermentation Technologies Used for the Production of PHAs;161
14.3.4.1;2.4.1 Production of PHAs from Mixed Culture;162
14.3.5;2.5 Characteristics of PHAs;163
14.4;3 Applications of PHAs;164
14.4.1;3.1 Articular Cartilage Repair;164
14.4.2;3.2 Cardiovascular Patch Grafting;166
14.4.3;3.3 Meniscus Repair Devices;168
14.4.4;3.4 Molded Products: Disposable Needles, Syringes, Sutures, Surgical Gloves, Gowns, and Others;169
14.4.5;3.5 Possible Application of PHA in Packaging Sector;171
14.5;4 Conclusion and Future Scope;177
14.6;References;177
15;Sustainable Polymers for Food Packaging Applications;188
16;8 Chitosan-Based Edible Coating: A Customise Practice for Food Protection;189
16.1;Abstract;189
16.2;1 Introduction;190
16.3;2 Properties of Chitosan and Its Derivatives;192
16.4;3 Strategies for Tailored Properties of Chitosan-Based Edible Coating;193
16.5;4 Properties of Chitosan-Based Edible-Coated Food Products;195
16.5.1;4.1 Physical Property;195
16.5.2;4.2 Chemical Property;196
16.5.3;4.3 Texture Property;196
16.5.4;4.4 Respiration Rate;196
16.5.5;4.5 Sensory Property;197
16.5.6;4.6 Microbiological Property;198
16.6;5 Application of Chitosan in Edible Coating;198
16.7;6 Conclusion;201
16.8;References;201
17;9 Polysaccharide-Based Films for Food Packaging Applications;205
17.1;Abstract;205
17.2;1 Introduction;206
17.3;2 Biodegradable Food Packaging Films;207
17.4;3 Important Properties of Biodegradable Food Packaging Films;208
17.4.1;3.1 Gas Barrier Properties;208
17.4.2;3.2 Water Barrier Properties;210
17.4.3;3.3 Mechanical Properties;210
17.4.4;3.4 Thermal Properties;210
17.4.5;3.5 Antimicrobial Activity;211
17.5;4 Starch Properties and Its Limitations;211
17.6;5 Cellulose Properties and Its Limitations;213
17.7;6 Chitosan Properties and Its Limitations;215
17.8;7 Role of Plasticizers in Food Packaging Materials;216
17.9;8 Recent Research on Starch/Cellulose, Its Derivatives and Chitosan-Based Food Packaging Films;217
17.10;9 Future Trends;223
17.11;Acknowledgements;224
17.12;References;224
18;10 Biopolymer Dispersed Poly Lactic Acid Composites and Blends for Food Packaging Applications;230
18.1;Abstract;230
18.2;1 Introduction;231
18.3;2 Production and Application Statistics of Bioplastics;233
18.4;3 Importance of Food Packaging;235
18.5;4 Major Biopolymers;236
18.5.1;4.1 Cellulose;236
18.5.2;4.2 Chitosan;236
18.5.3;4.3 Poly Lactic Acid (PLA);237
18.6;5 PLA-Based Bionanocomposites;238
18.6.1;5.1 Nanocellulose;239
18.6.2;5.2 Nanochitosan (NCS);240
18.6.3;5.3 Nanoclay;241
18.7;6 Processing Techniques of PLA-Based Composite Films;242
18.7.1;6.1 Compounding of PLA;243
18.7.2;6.2 Film Preparation by Extrusion Blowing;244
18.7.3;6.3 Film Preparation by Solvent Casting;244
18.7.4;6.4 Film Properties;244
18.8;7 PLA-Based Biocomposite in Food Packaging Applications;245
18.8.1;7.1 PLA/Chitosan Antimicrobial Films for Food Packaging;245
18.8.2;7.2 PLA/NCS Blown Films for Food Packaging;246
18.8.3;7.3 PLA/Montmorillonite (MMT) Films for Food Packaging;247
18.8.4;7.4 PLA/MMT Blown Films for Food Packaging;247
18.8.5;7.5 PLA/Cellulose Nanocrystal Films for Food Packaging;248
18.9;8 Conclusion;250
18.10;References;251
19;11 Bacterial Cellulose Based Hydrogel Film for Sustainable Food Packaging;257
19.1;Abstract;257
19.2;1 Introduction;258
19.3;2 PVP-CMC-BCs Hydrogel Film;259
19.3.1;2.1 Biosynthesis of Microbial Polysaccharide;259
19.3.2;2.2 Preparation of Polymeric Hydrogel Film;260
19.3.3;2.3 Preparation of Sustainable Food Packaging;260
19.4;3 Shelf Life of Sustainable (PVP-CMC-BCs) Food Package;261
19.4.1;3.1 Shelf Life Test of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables;263
19.4.2;3.2 Progressive Weight Loss Scenario of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables;263
19.5;4 Conclusions;264
19.6;5 Future Scopes;265
19.7;Acknowledgements;265
19.8;References;265
20;Sustainable Polymers for Other Emerging Application;266
21;12 Green Composites Based on Aliphatic and Aromatic Polyester: Opportunities and Application;267
21.1;Abstract;267
21.2;1 Introduction;268
21.3;2 Need of Green Composites;270
21.4;3 Polyester;270
21.4.1;3.1 Aliphatic Polyester;271
21.4.2;3.2 Aromatic Polyester;274
21.5;4 Application of Aliphatic Polyester Based Green Composites;275
21.5.1;4.1 PLA Based Green Composites;275
21.5.2;4.2 PHA Based Green Composites;279
21.5.3;4.3 PCL Based Green Composites;281
21.5.4;4.4 PBS Based Green Composites;283
21.5.5;4.5 PGA Based Green Composites;284
21.6;5 Application of Aromatic Polyester Based Green Composites;285
21.6.1;5.1 PET Based Green Composites;285
21.6.2;5.2 PBT Based Green Composites;285
21.7;6 Application of Aliphatic/Aromatic Polyester Based Green Composites;286
21.7.1;6.1 PCL and Terephthalic Acid Based Composites;286
21.7.2;6.2 Poly(Butylenes Succinate-co-Terephthalate) (PBST) Based Composites;286
21.7.3;6.3 Poly(Butyrate Adipate-co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) Based Composites;287
21.8;7 Conclusion;287
21.9;References;287
22;13 Advances in Bio-based Polymer Membranes for CO2 Separation;294
22.1;Abstract;294
22.2;1 Introduction;295
22.2.1;1.1 CO2 Capture Technologies;296
22.2.2;1.2 CO2 Capture Process;296
22.3;2 Theory of CO2 Separation;299
22.3.1;2.1 Solution-Diffusion Mechanism;299
22.3.2;2.2 Facilitated Transport Mechanism;300
22.4;3 Membrane Preparation Techniques;302
22.4.1;3.1 Phase Inversion;302
22.4.2;3.2 Solution Casting;303
22.5;4 Membrane Characterization;304
22.5.1;4.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR);304
22.5.2;4.2 Raman Spectroscopy;305
22.5.3;4.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS);306
22.5.4;4.4 X-ray Diffraction (XRD);306
22.5.5;4.5 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM);306
22.5.6;4.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM);307
22.5.7;4.7 Thermal Analysis;307
22.5.8;4.8 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis;308
22.5.9;4.9 Contact Angle Measurement;308
22.6;5 Bio-based Polymeric Membrane for CO2 Separation;309
22.6.1;5.1 Cellulose;309
22.6.2;5.2 Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA);309
22.6.3;5.3 Chitosan (CS);310
22.7;6 Types of Gases;311
22.8;7 Factors Affecting CO2 Separation Performance;311
22.8.1;7.1 Moisture;311
22.8.2;7.2 Temperature;312
22.8.3;7.3 Pressure;313
22.8.4;7.4 Thickness;314
22.8.5;7.5 Salting Out Phenomena;315
22.8.6;7.6 pH;316
22.9;8 Applications of CO2 Separation;317
22.9.1;8.1 Flue Gas;317
22.9.2;8.2 Synthesis Gas;317
22.9.3;8.3 Natural Gas;317
22.10;9 Conclusions and Future Directions;318
22.11;References;318
23;14 Microbial Fuel Cell: A Synergistic Flow Approach for Energy Power Generation and Wastewater Treatment;325
23.1;Abstract;325
23.2;1 Introduction;326
23.3;2 Flow-Related Aspects in MFCs;327
23.3.1;2.1 Flow Channels in MFCs;327
23.3.2;2.2 Innovative Flow Straighteners Application in MFCs;336
23.4;3 Concluding Remarks;348
23.5;Acknowledgements;348
23.6;References;348
24;15 Sustainable Polymer-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cells for Low-Power Applications;351
24.1;Abstract;351
24.2;1 Introduction;352
24.2.1;1.1 Microfluidics;353
24.2.2;1.2 Application of Microfluidics in Energy Conversion;353
24.3;2 Microfluidic Fuel Cells;354
24.3.1;2.1 Principle and History;354
24.3.2;2.2 Development of Miniaturized Fuel Cells;356
24.3.3;2.3 Theoretical and Hydrodynamic Model;357
24.4;3 Fabrication of Microfluidic Fuel Cell;359
24.4.1;3.1 Fabrication Technique for Microfluidic Fuel Cells;359
24.4.2;3.2 Base Material for Microfluidic Fuel Cells;360
24.4.3;3.3 Membranes for Ionic Transport;360
24.4.4;3.4 Catalytic Electrode Materials;361
24.5;4 Polymers in Microfluidic Fuel Cells;363
24.5.1;4.1 Polymers in the Fabrication of Microfluidic Fuel Cell Design;363
24.5.2;4.2 Polymer Materials as Proton Exchange Membrane;363
24.5.3;4.3 Polymers as the Electrode Materials;364
24.6;5 Paper-Based Polymer in Flexible Microfluidic Fuel Cells;366
24.6.1;5.1 Paper Microfluidics;366
24.6.2;5.2 Theoretical Background and Flow Control in Paper Substrate;367
24.6.3;5.3 Paper-Based Miniaturized Fuel Cells;370
24.7;6 Conclusion;371
24.8;Acknowledgements;372
24.9;References;372
25;16 Sustainable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Multifaceted Advanced Applications;378
25.1;Abstract;378
25.2;1 Introduction;379
25.3;2 Materials;380
25.3.1;2.1 PU;380
25.3.2;2.2 Polyester;382
25.3.3;2.3 Epoxy;385
25.3.4;2.4 Nanomaterials;386
25.4;3 Methods of Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites;389
25.4.1;3.1 Solution Mixing Technique;389
25.4.2;3.2 In Situ Polymerization Technique;389
25.4.3;3.3 Melt Mixing Technique;390
25.5;4 Characterization Techniques;391
25.5.1;4.1 Spectroscopic Techniques;391
25.5.2;4.2 Microscopic Techniques;392
25.5.3;4.3 Other Techniques;393
25.6;5 Properties;395
25.6.1;5.1 Physical Properties;395
25.6.2;5.2 Mechanical Properties;396
25.6.3;5.3 Chemical Properties;396
25.6.4;5.4 Thermal Properties;397
25.6.5;5.5 Optical Properties;397
25.6.6;5.6 Biological Properties;398
25.6.7;5.7 Magnetic Properties;398
25.6.8;5.8 Shape Memory Properties;399
25.7;6 Applications;399
25.7.1;6.1 Self-healing Material;400
25.7.2;6.2 Self-cleaning Material;401
25.7.3;6.3 Biomedical Application;403
25.8;7 Conclusion;403
25.9;References;404
26;17 Bio-based Polymeric Conductive Materials for Advanced Applications;411
26.1;Abstract;411
26.2;1 Introduction;412
26.3;2 Bio-based Polymers for Conductive Application;412
26.4;3 Modification Techniques;413
26.4.1;3.1 Conductive Composite;413
26.4.2;3.2 Conductive Blends;414
26.5;4 Bio-based Conductive Polymeric Substance Applications;415
26.5.1;4.1 Capacitor;416
26.5.2;4.2 Electrochemical Sensor;417
26.5.3;4.3 Biosensor;418
26.5.4;4.4 Battery;419
26.5.5;4.5 Conductive Biomedical Application;420
26.6;5 Shortcomings and Future Scope;420
26.7;References;422
27;18 Superhydrophobic Interfaces for High-Performance/Advanced Application;425
27.1;Abstract;425
27.2;1 Introduction;426
27.2.1;1.1 Different Models for Liquid Wettability on Solid Interfaces;427
27.3;2 Fabrication Methods of Artificial Superhydrophobic Interfaces;430
27.3.1;2.1 Top-Down Approaches;431
27.3.2;2.2 Bottom-Up Approaches;434
27.4;3 Durability Issue and Some Approaches to Overcome It;440
27.4.1;3.1 Self-healing of Anti-wetting Property by Recovering Chemistry;441
27.4.2;3.2 Self-healing of Anti-wetting Property by Recovering Topography;443
27.4.3;3.3 Bulk SHS;446
27.4.4;3.4 Stretchable and Compressible Superhydrophobicity;449
27.5;4 Applications;451
27.5.1;4.1 Absorption-Based Oil–Water Separation;451
27.5.2;4.2 Gravity-Driven Filtration-Based Oil–Water Separation;451
27.5.3;4.3 Controlled Drug Release of Bioactive Small Molecules;453
27.5.4;4.4 Anti-biofouling Coatings;454
27.5.5;4.5 Drag Reduction;457
27.5.6;4.6 Water Harvesting;459
27.5.7;4.7 Self-cleaning;460
27.5.8;4.8 Anti-corrosive Performance;461
27.6;5 Conclusion;462
27.7;References;463
28;19 Uses of Ceramic Membrane-Based Technology for the Clarification of Mosambi, Pineapple and Orange Juice;472
28.1;Abstract;472
28.2;1 Introduction;472
28.3;2 Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane;474
28.4;3 Preparation of Mosambi, Pineapple and Orange Juice;475
28.5;4 MF of Mosambi, Pineapple and Orange Juice;475
28.6;5 Measurement of Juice Quality;476
28.7;6 Ceramic Membrane Characterization;477
28.8;7 Membrane Flux and Fouling Mechanism;479
28.9;8 Fitness of Fouling Models;480
28.10;9 Physicochemical Properties of Feed and Permeate Samples;489
28.11;10 Summary;492
28.12;References;493