Kaplan / Schwartz Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6110-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 300 Seiten, Web PDF

Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings is the second to two volumes that attempt to define the areas of progress in the understanding of human decision making processes. The first volume, Human Judgment and Decision Processes (Academic Press, 1975) was concerned with formal and mathematical approaches to the problems of judgment and decision making. The major theoretical orientations (information integration theory, signal detection theory, portfolio theory, and multiattribute-utility measurement) were presented and their rationales discussed. The present volume is concerned with the application of these theories, and the various techniques derived from them, to the problems of decision making in the everyday world. The chapters reflect the many modifications and adjustments that must be made to mathematical rules in order to apply decision theory models in the real world. The tools described serve a broad variety of interests: those of the urban health or social planner, the organizational manager, the researcher, the educator, and, in fact, all of those who must weight evidence to reach decisions. Planner, manager, researcher, teacher, policymaker-all will find assistance in overcoming the commonly encountered roadblocks when one must choose between alternatives in what remains an uncertain world.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kaplan, Martin F.

Schwartz, Steven

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;CONTRIBUTORS;10
6;PREFACE;12
7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;14
8;INTRODUCTION;16
9;Chapter 1. Social Judgment Theory: Applications in Policy Formation;20
9.1;A Description of Social Judgment Theory;21
9.2;The Application of Social Judgment Theory;26
9.3;Social Value Judgments;27
9.4;The Separation and Integration of Values and Facts;35
9.5;Social Policy Consultant: A New Role for Psychologists;42
9.6;References;43
10;Chapter 2. Judgment by Juries;50
10.1;The Judgment Model;51
10.2;Trial Evidence;54
10.3;Defendant Characteristics;57
10.4;Juror Dispositions;58
10.5;Effects of Jury Deliberation;62
10.6;Conclusion;70
10.7;References;71
11;Chapter 3. Information Integration in Transportation Decisions;76
11.1;Methodological Approaches;77
11.2;Empirical Studies;81
11.3;Implications for Model Development;93
11.4;Implications for Transportation Researchers;95
11.5;Future Research Needs;96
11.6;References;98
12;Chapter 4. Case-by-Case versus Rule-Generated Procedures for the Allocation of Scarce Resources;102
12.1;Introduction;103
12.2;Rule-Generated and Case-Generated Procedures;103
12.3;Examples of Rule-Generated Procedures;108
12.4;Apologia;111
12.5;References;112
13;Chapter 5. Predicting Performance in Graduate School;114
13.1;Selectors;115
13.2;Criteria;118
13.3;Criterion Analysis;121
13.4;Methods of Selection;122
13.5;What Are the Data;130
13.6;Where Do We Go from Here;136
13.7;References;139
14;Chapter 6. Decisions Based on Fallible Clinical Judgment;144
14.1;Introduction;145
14.2;Determining rxy ;146
14.3;Effects on Decisions and Outcomes;151
14.4;Discussion;158
14.5;Conclusion;161
14.6;References;162
15;Chapter 7. Behavioral Decision Theory & the Health Delivery System;164
15.1;Health System Decision Making;165
15.2;Behavioral Decision Theory;168
15.3;Applications of Behavioral Decision Theory to the Health Field;174
15.4;Critical Problems and Areas for Further Research;177
15.5;References;183
16;Chapter 8. Combination of Evidence in Perceptual Judgment;188
16.1;Introduction: The Applied Setting;189
16.2;The Paradigm: Combination of Evidence in Perceptual Judgment;191
16.3;Experiments on Computer-Aided Recognition of Complex Sounds;192
16.4;A Decision-Theoretic Approach;195
16.5;Experiments on Computer-Aided Auditory Signal Detection;201
16.6;Experiments on Computer-Aided Visual Search and Detection;204
16.7;Independence: A Theoretical and Practical Issue;211
16.8;Concluding Remarks;217
16.9;References;218
17;Chapter 9. Expectancy Theory, Decision Theory, and Occupational Preference and Choice;222
17.1;Introduction;223
17.2;Expectancy Theory;224
17.3;Decision Theory;227
17.4;Policy Models;229
17.5;Empirical Evidence for the Theories;232
17.6;Implications for Practice;239
17.7;Conclusions;242
17.8;References;242
18;Chapter 10. Business Decision Making: Marketing Implementations;246
18.1;Introduction;247
18.2;Marketing Decisions and Models;248
18.3;Decision Models and Marketing Realities;257
18.4;A Decision-Theoretic Band-Aid for Research and Training;262
18.5;Conclusions;268
18.6;Appendix;269
18.7;References;271
19;Chapter 11. Judgment and Swine: Approaches and Issues in Applied Judgment Analysis;274
19.1;Introduction;275
19.2;Why Livestock Judgment;275
19.3;Background on Livestock Judges;276
19.4;Similarities and Differences among Judgment Approaches;277
19.5;Judgment Approaches: The Three Basic Questions;279
19.6;What Does the Future Hold;288
19.7;References;290
20;Author Index;292
21;Subject Index;298