Kaminow / Li / Willner Optical Fiber Telecommunications VA

Components and Subsystems
5. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-08-056501-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 944 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Optics and Photonics

Optical Fiber Telecommunications V (A&B) is the fifth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the research and development of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition not only brings a fresh look to many essential topics but also focuses on network management and services. Using high bandwidth in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications is a central theme. This book is ideal for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and the investment community. Volume (A) is devoted to components and subsystems, including: semiconductor lasers, modulators, photodetectors, integrated photonic circuits, photonic crystals, specialty fibers, polarization-mode dispersion, electronic signal processing, MEMS, nonlinear optical signal processing, and quantum information technologies. Volume (B) is devoted to systems and networks, including: advanced modulation formats, coherent systems, time-multiplexed systems, performance monitoring, reconfigurable add-drop multiplexers, Ethernet technologies, broadband access and services, metro networks, long-haul transmission, optical switching, microwave photonics, computer interconnections, and simulation tools. Biographical Sketches Ivan Kaminow retired from Bell Labs in 1996 after a 42-year career. He conducted seminal studies on electrooptic modulators and materials, Raman scattering in ferroelectrics, integrated optics, semiconductor lasers (DBR , ridge-waveguide InGaAsP and multi-frequency), birefringent optical fibers, and WDM networks. Later, he led research on WDM components (EDFAs, AWGs and fiber Fabry-Perot Filters), and on WDM local and wide area networks. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the IEEE/OSA John Tyndall, OSA Charles Townes and IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Awards. Since 2004, he has been Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Tingye Li retired from AT&T in 1998 after a 41-year career at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs. His seminal work on laser resonator modes is considered a classic. Since the late 1960s, He and his groups have conducted pioneering studies on lightwave technologies and systems. He led the work on amplified WDM transmission systems and championed their deployment for upgrading network capacity. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is a recipient of the IEEE David Sarnoff Award, IEEE/OSA John Tyndall Award, OSA Ives Medal/Quinn Endowment, AT&T Science and Technology Medal, and IEEE Photonics Award. Alan Willner has worked at AT&T Bell Labs and Bellcore, and he is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He received the NSF Presidential Faculty Fellows Award from the White House, Packard Foundation Fellowship, NSF National Young Investigator Award, Fulbright Foundation Senior Scholar, IEEE LEOS Distinguished Lecturer, and USC University-Wide Award for Excellence in Teaching. He is a Fellow of IEEE and OSA, and he has been President of the IEEE LEOS, Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technology, Editor-in-Chief of Optics Letters, Co-Chair of the OSA Science & Engineering Council, and General Co-Chair of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. For nearly three decades, the OFT series has served as the comprehensive primary resource covering progress in the science and technology of optical fiber telecom. It has been essential for the bookshelves of scientists and engineers active in the field. OFT V provides updates on considerable progress in established disciplines, as well as introductions to new topics. [OFT V]... generates a value that is even higher than that of the sum of its chapters.

Ivan Kaminow retired from Bell Labs in 1996 after a 42-year career. He conducted seminal studies on electrooptic modulators and materials, Raman scattering in ferroelectrics, integrated optics, semiconductor lasers (DBR, ridge-waveguide InGaAsP and multi-frequency), birefringent optical fibers, and WDM networks. Later, he led research on WDM components (EDFAs, AWGs and fiber Fabry-Perot Filters), and on WDM local and wide area networks. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the IEEE Edison Medal, OSA Ives Medal, and IEEE Photonics Award. Since 2004, he has been Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.Ivan Kaminow retired from Bell Labs in 1996 after a 42-year career. He conducted seminal studies on electrooptic modulators and materials, Raman scattering in ferroelectrics, integrated optics, semiconductor lasers (DBR , ridge-waveguide InGaAsP and multi-frequency), birefringent optical fibers, and WDM networks. Later, he led research on WDM components (EDFAs, AWGs and fiber Fabry-Perot Filters), and on WDM local and wide area networks. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the IEEE/OSA John Tyndall, OSA Charles Townes and IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Awards. Since 2004, he has been Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kaminow, Ivan

Li, Tingye

Willner, Alan E.

Willner, Alan E

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Optical Fiber Telecommunications V A: Components and Subsystems;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Contributors;10
6;Chapter 1 Overview of OFT V Volumes A & B;14
6.1;1.1 FIVE EDITIONS;14
6.2;1.2 PERSPECTIVE OF THE PAST 6 YEARS;15
6.3;1.3 OFT V VOLUME A: COMPONENTS AND SUBSYSTEMS;16
6.4;1.4 OFT V VOLUME B: SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS;25
6.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;34
7;Chapter 2 Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Genesis—The Excitonic Zoo—Novel Devices for Future Applications;36
7.1;2.1 PREFACE;36
7.2;2.2 THE PREHISTORIC ERA—OR WHY DID A PROMISING APPROACH ALMOST DIE;37
7.3;2.3 A NEW DAWN AND COLLECTIVE BLINDNESS;38
7.4;2.4 DECISIVE BREAK-THROUGHS;39
7.5;2.5 PARADIGM CHANGES IN SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY;40
7.6;2.6 ANYTHING SPECIAL ABOUT THE ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES?;41
7.7;2.7 ARE SINGLE QDs GOOD FOR ANYTHING?;45
7.8;2.8 UTILIZATION OF MANY QDs;48
7.9;2.9 HIGH-SPEED NANOPHOTONICS;49
7.10;2.10 ARE QDs A HYPE?;60
7.11;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;60
7.12;REFERENCES;60
8;Chapter 3 High-Speed Low-Chirp Semiconductor Lasers;66
8.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;66
8.2;3.2 FUNDAMENTAL DC PROPERTIES OF LONG-WAVELENGTH QW LASERS;67
8.3;3.3 HIGH-SPEED DIRECT MODULATION OF STRAINED QW LASERS;78
8.4;3.4 QUANTUM DOT LASERS;83
8.5;3.5 DISCUSSIONS;89
8.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;90
8.7;REFERENCES;91
9;Chapter 4 Recent Advances in Surface-Emitting Lasers;94
9.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;94
9.2;4.2 LONG-WAVELENGTH VCSELs;96
9.3;4.3 WAVELENGTH INTEGRATION AND CONTROL;100
9.4;4.4 PLASMONIC VCSELs;104
9.5;4.5 OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING BASED ON VCSEL TECHNOLOGIES;107
9.6;4.6 VCSEL-BASED SLOW LIGHT DEVICES;110
9.7;4.7 CONCLUSION;112
9.8;REFERENCES;113
10;Chapter 5 Pump Diode Lasers;120
10.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;120
10.2;5.2 SINGLE-MODE FIBER 980-NM PUMPS;122
10.3;5.3 1480-nm PUMPS AND 14XX-nm HIGH-POWER LASERS;135
10.4;5.4 MULTIMODE FIBER-COUPLED 9xx nm PUMP LASERS;137
10.5;5.5 HIGH-RADIANCE DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGIES;146
10.6;5.6 VCSEL PUMP AND HIGH-POWER DIODE LASERS;147
10.7;5.7 STATUS, TRENDS, AND OPPORTUNITIES;148
10.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;149
10.9;REFERENCES;150
11;Chapter 6 Ultrahigh-Speed Laser Modulation by Injection Locking;158
11.1;6.1 INTRODUCTION;158
11.2;6.2 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OIL;159
11.3;6.3 MODULATION PROPERTIES OF OIL VCSELs;164
11.4;6.4 RF LINK GAIN ENHANCEMENT OF OIL VCSELs;176
11.5;6.5 NONLINEARITY AND DYNAMIC RANGE OF OIL VCSELs;179
11.6;6.6 RELATIVE INTENSITY NOISE OF OIL VCSELs;182
11.7;6.7 APPLICATIONS;184
11.8;6.8 CONCLUSION;192
11.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;193
11.10;REFERENCES;193
12;Chapter 7 Recent Developments in High-Speed Optical Modulators;196
12.1;7.1 INTRODUCTION;196
12.2;7.2 PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISMS OF EXTERNAL OPTICAL MODULATION;198
12.3;7.3 HIGH-SPEED MODULATION;200
12.4;7.4 MODULATORS BASED ON PHASE CHANGES AND INTERFERENCE;206
12.5;7.5 INTENSITY MODULATORS BASED ON ABSORPTION CHANGES;208
12.6;7.6 TRAVELING-WAVE ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS (EAMs);211
12.7;7.7 NOVEL TYPES OF MODULATORS;221
12.8;7.8 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS;226
12.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;228
12.10;APPENDIX;228
12.11;REFERENCES;230
13;Chapter 8 Advances in Photodetectors;234
13.1;8.1 WAVEGUIDE PHOTODIODES;234
13.2;8.2 BALANCED RECEIVERS;243
13.3;8.3 HIGH-POWER PHOTODETECTORS;246
13.4;8.4 AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES;258
13.5;8.5 CONCLUSIONS;271
13.6;REFERENCES;272
14;Chapter 9 Planar Lightwave Circuits in Fiber-Optic Communications;282
14.1;9.1 INTRODUCTION;282
14.2;9.2 BASIC WAVEGUIDE THEORY AND MATERIALS;283
14.3;9.3 PASSIVE OPTICAL FILTERING, DEMODULATING, AND DEMULTIPLEXING DEVICES;290
14.4;9.4 INTER-SIGNAL CONTROL DEVICES;325
14.5;9.5 INTRA-SIGNAL CONTROL DEVICES;331
14.6;9.6 CONCLUSION;349
14.7;REFERENCES;349
15;Chapter 10 III–V Photonic Integrated Circuits and Their Impact on Optical Network Architectures;356
15.1;10.1 INTRODUCTION;356
15.2;10.2 PHOTONIC MATERIAL INTEGRATION METHODS;358
15.3;10.3 III–V PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SMALL-SCALE INTEGRATION;360
15.4;10.4 MANUFACTURING ADVANCES FOR III–V FABRICATION IMPLYING SCALABILITY;368
15.5;10.5 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IMPACT OF LSI PICs;379
15.6;10.6 THE FUTURE OF OEO NETWORKS ENABLED BY III–V VLSI;385
15.7;10.7 CONCLUSION;389
15.8;REFERENCES;390
16;Chapter 11 Silicon Photonics;394
16.1;11.1 INTRODUCTION;394
16.2;11.2 SOI WAFER TECHNOLOGY;396
16.3;11.3 HIGH-INDEX-CONTRAST WAVEGUIDE TYPES AND PERFORMANCE ON SOI;397
16.4;11.4 INPUT–OUTPUT COUPLING;401
16.5;11.5 PASSIVE WAVEGUIDE DEVICES AND RESONATORS;406
16.6;11.6 ACTIVE MODULATION SILICON PHOTONICS;410
16.7;11.7 GERMANIUM PHOTODETECTORS AND PHOTORECEIVERS FOR INTEGRATED SILICON PHOTONICS;422
16.8;11.8 CMOS INTEGRATION AND INTEGRATED SILICON PHOTONICS;427
16.9;11.9 NONLINEAR EFFECTS;434
16.10;11.10 TOWARD A SILICON LASER;436
16.11;11.11 FUTURE TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS;438
16.12;REFERENCES;439
17;Chapter 12 Photonic Crystal Theory: Temporal Coupled-Mode Formalism;444
17.1;12.1 INTRODUCTION;444
17.2;12.2 TEMPORAL COUPLED-MODE THEORY FOR OPTICAL RESONATORS;445
17.3;12.3 USING TEMPORAL COUPLED-MODE THEORY TO PREDICT OPTICAL SWITCHING;451
17.4;12.4 STOPPING LIGHT IN DYNAMIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS;456
17.5;12.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS;464
17.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;464
17.7;REFERENCES;464
18;Chapter 13 Photonic Crystal Technologies: Experiment;468
18.1;13.1 INTRODUCTION;468
18.2;13.2 BAND GAP/DEFECT ENGINEERING;469
18.3;13.3 BAND EDGE ENGINEERING;486
18.4;13.4 BAND ENGINEERING;489
18.5;13.5 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS;492
18.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;492
18.7;REFERENCES;493
19;Chapter 14 Photonic Crystal Fibers: Basics and Applications;498
19.1;14.1 INTRODUCTION;498
19.2;14.2 FABRICATION TECHNIQUES;498
19.3;14.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CLADDING;500
19.4;14.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDANCE;503
19.5;14.5 INTRA-FIBER DEVICES, CUTTING AND JOINING;512
19.6;14.6 APPLICATIONS;515
19.7;14.7 FINAL REMARKS;527
19.8;GLOSSARY;528
19.9;LIST OF ACRONYMS;529
19.10;REFERENCES;529
20;Chapter 15 Specialty Fibers for Optical Communication Systems;536
20.1;15.1 INTRODUCTION;536
20.2;15.2 DISPERSION COMPENSATION FIBERS;539
20.3;15.3 POLARIZATION MAINTAINING AND SINGLE POLARIZATION FIBERS;552
20.4;15.4 NONLINEAR FIBERS;559
20.5;15.5 DOUBLE-CLAD FIBERS FOR FIBER LASERS AND AMPLIFIERS BY OVD;568
20.6;15.6 MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBERS;585
20.7;REFERENCES;598
21;Chapter 16 Plastic Optical Fibers: Technologies and Communication Links;606
21.1;16.1 INTRODUCTION;606
21.2;16.2 DEVELOPMENT OF POFs;608
21.3;16.3 VARIETIES OF POFs, POF Cords, and Cables;611
21.4;16.4 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR POFs;612
21.5;16.5 DATACOM APPLICATIONS WITH POFs;615
21.6;REFERENCES;615
22;Chapter 17 Polarization Mode Dispersion;618
22.1;17.1 INTRODUCTION;618
22.2;17.2 BACKGROUND;619
22.3;17.3 ELEMENTARY MODEL OF INSTALLED FIBER PLANT;627
22.4;17.4 SURVEY OF FIELD TESTS;629
22.5;17.5 TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS CAUSED BY THE FIRST-ORDER PMD;634
22.6;17.6 HIGH-ORDER EFFECTS;645
22.7;17.7 PMD EMULATION;654
22.8;17.8 PMD AND OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES;665
22.9;17.9 CONCLUSION;675
22.10;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;676
22.11;REFERENCES;676
23;Chapter 18 Electronic Signal Processing for Dispersion Compensation and Error Mitigation in Optical Transmission Networks;684
23.1;18.1 INTRODUCTION: ROLE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNAL PROCESSING IN OPTICAL NETWORKS;684
23.2;18.2 ELECTRONIC EQUALIZATION AND ADAPTATION TECHNIQUES;685
23.3;18.3 HIGH-SPEED ELECTRONIC IMPLEMENTATION: TECHNIQUES, ALTERNATIVES, AND CHALLENGES;694
23.4;18.4 ELECTRONIC COMPENSATION FOR 10-GB/S APPLICATIONS;712
23.5;18.5 PROSPECTS AND TRENDS FOR NEXT-GENERATION SYSTEMS;720
23.6;REFERENCES;721
24;Chapter 19 Microelectromechanical Systems for Lightwave Communication;726
24.1;19.1 INTRODUCTION;726
24.2;19.2 OPTICAL SWITCHES AND CROSSCONNECTS;727
24.3;19.3 WAVELENGTH-SELECTIVE MEMS COMPONENTS;732
24.4;19.4 TUNABLE LASERS;754
24.5;19.5 OTHER OPTICAL MEMS DEVICES;756
24.6;19.6 EMERGING MEMS TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS;760
24.7;19.7 CONCLUSION;762
24.8;REFERENCES;762
25;Chapter 20 Nonlinear Optics in Communications: From Crippling Impairment to Ultrafast Tools;772
25.1;20.1 INTRODUCTION;772
25.2;20.2 PHASE-MATCHED VS NONPHASE-MATCHED PROCESSES;774
25.3;20.3 PLATFORMS;775
25.4;20.4 PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION;779
25.5;20.5 OPTICAL REGENERATION;782
25.6;20.6 OPTICAL-PHASE CONJUGATION;800
25.7;20.7 WAVELENGTH CONVERSION;802
25.8;20.8 OPTICAL SWITCHING;809
25.9;20.9 OPTICAL PERFORMANCE MONITORING;813
25.10;20.10 OPTICAL DELAYS AND BUFFERS;824
25.11;20.11 FUTURE PROSPECTS;831
25.12;20.12 CONCLUSIONS;833
25.13;REFERENCES;833
26;Chapter 21 Fiber-Optic Quantum Information Technologies;842
26.1;21.1 INTRODUCTION;842
26.2;21.2 FIBER NONLINEARITY AS A SOURCE FOR CORRELATED PHOTONS;845
26.3;21.3 QUANTUM THEORY OF FOUR-WAVE MIXING IN OPTICAL FIBER;851
26.4;21.4 FIBER NONLINEARITY AS A SOURCE FOR ENTANGLED PHOTONS;864
26.5;21.5 HIGH-FIDELITY ENTANGLEMENT WITH COOLED FIBER;871
26.6;21.6 DEGENERATE PHOTON PAIRS FOR QUANTUM LOGIC IN THE TELECOM BAND;876
26.7;21.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS;889
26.8;REFERENCES;889
27;Index to Volumes VA and VB;894