Basic and Applied Research

The Language of Science Policy in the Twentieth Century
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-1-78533-810-6
Verlag: Berghahn Books

Buch, Englisch, Band 4, 312 Seiten, Format (B × H): 157 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 608 g

Reihe: European Conceptual History

The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic–applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kaldewey, David

Schauz, Désirée

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Regierungspolitik Kultur-, Wissenschafts- & Technologiepolitik
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Allgemeines Wissenschaftspolitik, Wissenschaftsförderung
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtliche Themen Wissenschafts- und Universitätsgeschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Figures

Preface

List of Abbreviations

Introduction: Why Do Concepts Matter in Science Policy?

Désirée Schauz and David Kaldewey

PART I: GENEALOGIES OF SCIENCE POLICY DISCOURSES

Chapter 1. Categorizing Science in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Britain

Robert Bud

Chapter 2. Professional Devotion, National Needs, Fascist Claims, and Democratic Virtues: The Language of Science Policy in Germany

Désirée Schauz and Gregor Lax

Chapter 3. Transforming Pure Science into Basic Research: The Language of Science Policy in the United States

David Kaldewey and Désirée Schauz

PART II: CONCEPTUAL SYNCHRONIZATION AND CULTURAL VARIATION

Chapter 4. Fundamental Research and New Scientific Arrangements for the Development of Britain’s Colonies after 1940

Sabine Clarke

Chapter 5. Basic Research in the Max Planck Society: Science Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945–1970

Carola Sachse

Chapter 6. Beyond the Basic/Applied Distinction?: The Scientific-Technological Revolution in the German Democratic Republic, 1945–1989

Manuel Schramm

Chapter 7. Applied Science in Stalin’s Time: Hungary, 1945–1953

György Péteri

Chapter 8. Theory Attached to Practice: Chinese Debates over Basic Research from Thought Remolding to the Bomb, 1949–1966

Zuoyue Wang

PART III: OUTLOOK

Chapter 9. The Language of Science Policy in the Twenty-First Century: What Comes after Basic and Applied Research?

Tim Flink and David Kaldewey

Indexes

Über Autor(innen)

Schauz, Désirée
Désirée Schauz is a senior researcher at the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Before, she was a Dilthey Fellow at the Technical University of Munich, funded by the Volkswagen Foundation. She holds a PhD in modern history from the University of Cologne. She has published widely on the role of concepts in science policy.

Kaldewey, David
David Kaldewey is professor for science studies and science policy at the University of Bonn. He holds a doctorate in sociology from Bielefeld University. He has published widely on the changing relationship of science and politics, particularly on transformations in the identity work of scientists and policy makers.

David Kaldewey is professor for science studies and science policy at the University of Bonn. He holds a doctorate in sociology from Bielefeld University. He has published widely on the changing relationship of science and politics, particularly on transformations in the identity work of scientists and policy makers.