Kagen The Inflammatory Myopathies

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-60327-827-0
Verlag: Humana Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 342 Seiten

This book presents a comprehensive review of the inflammatory myopathies, including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. Representing the most up-to-date knowledge on this family of diseases, this book is the gold-standard in its field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kagen, Lawrence J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;Contributors;8
4;Chapter 1 Evaluation of the Patient;11
4.1;Introduction;11
4.2;Clinical Findings;12
4.3;Pulmonary Disorders;15
4.4;Cardiac Manifestations;15
4.5;Vascular Findings;16
4.6;Gastrointestinal Involvement;16
4.7;Laboratory Assays;16
4.8;References;21
5;Chapter 2 Classification of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies;24
5.1;Defining the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies;25
5.2;Clinicopathologic Classifications;26
5.3;Serologic Classifications;29
5.4;Environmentally Associated Myositis;30
5.5;Genetic Classifications;32
5.6;References;35
6;Chapter 3 The Inflammatory Milieu: Cells and Cytokines;38
6.1;Introduction;39
6.2;T Cells;40
6.3;T Cells in Myositis;40
6.4;Dendritic Cells;43
6.5;Dendritic Cells in Myositis;44
6.6;B Cells;46
6.7;B Cells in Myositis;46
6.8;Macrophages;47
6.9;Macrophages in Myositis;47
6.10;Natural Killer T Cells;47
6.11;NK Cells in Myositis;48
6.12;Muscle and Endothelial Cell Involvement;48
6.13;Cytokines and Chemokines;50
6.14;Type I Interferons;50
6.15;Tumor Necrosis Factor- a;53
6.16;Interleukin 1;54
6.17;Conclusion;55
6.18;References;55
7;Chapter 4 Juvenile Dermatomyositis: An Update on Clinical and Laboratory Findings;63
7.1;Historical Background and Overview;64
7.2;Demographic Data;64
7.3;Risk Factors for JDM: Overview;65
7.4;Ultraviolet Light as an Environmental Risk Factor;66
7.5;Infection as an Environmental Risk Factor;66
7.6;Seasonality: Associations with Disease Onset and Birth of Children with JDM;68
7.7;Diagnostic Criteria for Juvenile Dermatomyositis;69
7.8;Physical Signs of Children with JDM at Diagnosis;72
7.9;Muscle Histopathology in the Pediatric Inflammatory Myopathies;74
7.10;Type 1 Interferon-Induced Genetic Response in Muscle and Blood from Children with JDM;75
7.11;Commonalities and Differences Between Children with JDM and SLE;75
7.12;Impact of Duration of Untreated Disease at Diagnosis on Physical and Laboratory Findings as Well as Gene Expression Profile Data;76
7.13;Chronic Inflammation and Gene Expression Profile Data;79
7.14;Diagnostic Evaluation;81
7.15;Differential Diagnosis of JDM;81
7.16;Therapy of JDM;83
7.17;Outcomes of JDM;86
7.18;Summary and Hopes for the Future;87
7.19;References;87
8;Chapter 5 Inclusion Body Myositis;95
8.1;Introduction;95
8.2;Clinical Findings;96
8.3;Muscle Biopsy;97
8.4;Pathogenesis;98
8.5;Summary of Theories of Pathogenesis;101
8.6;Therapy;101
8.7;Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy;101
8.8;References;102
9;Chapter 6 The Role of Muscle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Myopathy;103
9.1;Classification of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies;103
9.2;Histopathology of Inflammatory Myopathy;104
9.3;Inclusion Body Myositis;107
9.4;References;117
10;Chapter 7 Electromyography;119
10.1;Introduction;119
10.2;Approach to the Patient with Weakness;120
10.3;Physiologic Basis of Electrodiagnostic Studies;120
10.4;Standard Electrodiagnostic Studies;123
10.5;Technical Issues;127
10.6;Special Electrodiagnostic Studies;128
10.7;Inflammatory Myopathies;129
10.8;Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis;131
10.9;Inclusion Body Myositis;132
10.10;Conclusion;132
10.11;References;133
11;Chapter 8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myopathies and Myositis;134
11.1;Introduction;134
11.2;MRI Technical Considerations;135
11.3;Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis;141
11.4;Inclusion Body Myositis;143
11.5;Focal Myositis;144
11.6;Pyomyositis and Muscle Infarction;144
11.7;Trauma and Myositis Ossificans;148
11.8;Miscellaneous (Compartment Syndrome, Muscle Denervation);150
11.9;Conclusions;152
11.10;References;152
12;Chapter 9 Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Inflammatory Myopathies;154
12.1;Introduction;154
12.2;Technical Factors and New Developments;155
12.3;Normal Sonographic Appearances;159
12.4;Muscle Edema Pattern;160
12.5;Muscle Atrophy;162
12.6;Calcification;166
12.7;Specific Disease Patterns;166
12.8;Conclusion;169
12.9;References;169
13;Chapter 10 Serological Findings;172
13.1;Overview;173
13.2;Established MSAs;179
13.3;Overlap Antibodies;186
13.4;New DM Autoantibodies;188
13.5;Significance of the Myositis Autoantibodies;190
13.6;References;191
14;Chapter 11 Antisynthetase Syndrome;197
14.1;Introduction;197
14.2;Antisynthetase Autoantibodies and Their Targets;198
14.3;The Role of Jo-1 Autoantibodies in Pathogenesis;199
14.4;Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis;202
14.5;Prognosis and Treatment;207
14.6;Conclusion;208
14.7;References;210
15;Chapter 12 Pulmonary Manifestations of Inflammatory Myopathy;213
15.1;Introduction;214
15.2;Interstitial Lung Disease;215
15.3;Prognosis;221
15.4;Treatment;222
15.5;Secondary Pulmonary Complications;223
15.6;Conclusion;224
15.7;References;224
16;Chapter 13 Dermatological Manifestations of Dermatomyositis;228
16.1;Rash;228
16.2;Histology;231
16.3;Calcinosis;232
16.4;Therapy;234
16.5;References;235
17;Chapter 14 The Differential Diagnosis of Inflammatory Myopathy;236
17.1;Introduction;236
17.2;Metabolic Myopathies;243
17.3;Mitochondrial Myopathies;245
17.4;Drug- and Toxin-Induced Myopathy;246
17.5;Endocrine Myopathies;247
17.6;Muscle Disorders Associated with Electrolyte Disturbance;248
17.7;Myopathy Associated with Collagen Vascular Disease;250
17.8;Cancer and Myopathy;251
17.9;Infiltrative Myopathy;251
17.10;Nutritional Deficiency and Myopathy;252
17.11;Motor Neuron Disease;252
17.12;Conclusion;252
17.13;References;253
18;Chapter 15 Outcomes and Assessment for Inflammatory Muscle Disease;257
18.1;Introduction;257
18.2;Core Set Measures to Assess Disease Activity;258
18.3;Ancillary Measures to Assess Disease Activity;269
18.4;Assessment of Disease Damage;272
18.5;Patient Self-Assessment: Health-Related Quality of Life;273
18.6;Conclusions;275
18.7;References;275
19;Chapter 16 Muscle Strength and Exercise in Patients with Inflammatory Myopathies;281
19.1;Muscle Impairment in Patients with Adult Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis;282
19.2;Muscle Impairment in Patients with Inclusion Body Myositis;283
19.3;Exercise in a Historical Perspective;283
19.4;Exercise in Adult Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis;284
19.5;Molecular Effects of Exercise in Polymyositis or Dermatomyositis;300
19.6;Exercise in Inclusion Body Myositis;303
19.7;Exercise in Juvenile Dermatomyositis;304
19.8;Exercise Recommendations;306
19.9;Conclusion;307
19.10;References;307
20;Chapter 17 The Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis;311
20.1;Epidemiology;312
20.2;Types of Malignancies Associated with DM and PM;314
20.3;Clinical Course of Malignancy and Myositis;315
20.4;Risk Factors for Malignancy in DM and PM;316
20.5;Evaluation for Malignancy;317
20.6;Pathogenesis;318
20.7;Conclusion;319
20.8;References;319
21;Chapter 18 Treatment;323
21.1;Introduction;323
21.2;General Approach to Therapy;325
21.3;Corticosteroids;325
21.4;Immunosuppressive Agents and Other Treatments;327
21.5;Methotrexate and Azathioprine;328
21.6;Intravenous Immunoglobulin;329
21.7;Cyclosporine;330
21.8;Mycophenolate Mofetil;330
21.9;Tacrolimus;331
21.10;Rituximab;331
21.11;Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Blockade;332
21.12;Plasma Exchange;333
21.13;References;334
22;Index;337